Slide 12009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
Energy Efficient Communications Solutions for Nomadic Energy Efficient Communications Solutions for Nomadic NodesNodes
Within a Wireless Sensor NetworksWithin a Wireless Sensor Networks
Luca Bencini, Francesco Chiti, Giovanni Collodi, Davide Di Palma, Romano Fantacci, Antonio Manes, Gianfranco Manes
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications – University of Florence
Slide 22009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
OUTLINEOUTLINE• Introduction• Application area• System Requirement• Mobile Directive Synchronous Transmission Asynchronous Reception Protocol
• Proposed MAC Protocol• State Diagram• Discovery phase• Regime phase
• Performance Analysis• Relative lifetime gain• Collision probability• Latency
• Conclusion and future development
Slide 32009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
APPLICATION AREAAPPLICATION AREA
• habitat monitoring
• healthcare applications
• home automation
• traffic control
• robot applications (DustBot)
nomadic Wireless Sensor Network application areas
Slide 42009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTSYSTEM REQUIREMENT
• low power consumption
• low latency
• low collision probability
• good synchronization between nodes and nomadic nodes
cross-layer protocol
MD-STAR
Slide 52009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
Mobile Directive Synchronous Transmission Asynchronous Reception Protocol
MD-STAR protocol:
• is a novel cross-layer protocol
• allows the managements of smart antennas
• takes into the account the antenna capabilities (directivity)
• allows achievement of space-time synchronization for mobile nodes in mesh topology networks
MD-STAR PROTOCOLMD-STAR PROTOCOL
Slide 62009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
STATE DIAGRAMSTATE DIAGRAM
INIT
OFF
DISCOVERY
REGIME
Switch on
fdf Nn <
fdf Nn = sNremptysecto =
lowbatterybattery _<
lowbatterybattery _<
sNremptysecto =≤1
Slide 72009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
DISCOVERY PHASEDISCOVERY PHASE
init
off
discovey
regime
Switch on
fdf Nn <
fdf Nn = sNremptysecto =
lowbatterybattery _<
lowbatterybattery _<
sNremptysecto =≤1
time
fupset TT 2≥−
slf TTT += slf TTT +=
2
4
5
3 2
4 1
ID-node phase sector
2 T-phase 3
ID-node phase sector
2 T-phase 3
3
ID-node phase sector
2 T-phase 4
Slide 82009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
REGIME PHASEREGIME PHASE
init
off
discovey
regime
Switch on
fdf Nn <
fdf Nn = sNremptysecto =
lowbatterybattery _<
lowbatterybattery _<
sNremptysecto =≤1
timefT
lT
fTlTsT sT
4
2
3
5
ID-node phase sector
4 T-phase 3
1
23
42
3 2
4 1
ID-node phase sector
2 T-phase 2
ID-node phase sector
2 T-phase 2
ID-node phase sector
2 T-phase 2
Slide 92009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
Rate 250 Kbps
Number of nodes [10, 15, …., 50]
Number of angular sector
[1, 2, 4, 6, 8]
Monitored area 25 m x 25 m
Velocity of mobile node [4,1 : 5,1] m/s
PERFORMANCE ANALYSISPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
• mobility model: Random Waypoint Model (RWM)• antenna model: ideal Switched Beam antenna
Parameter considered to evaluate the performance of MD-STAR: • relative lifetime gain
• collision probability
• latency
Slide 102009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
RELATIVE LIFETIME GAINRELATIVE LIFETIME GAIN
Slide 112009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
COLLISION PROBABILITYCOLLISION PROBABILITY
Slide 122009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
LATENCYLATENCY
Slide 132009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.2009 Radio & Wireless Symposium, San Diego, CA.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
CONCLUSION:
• MD-STAR protocol is suitable for the management of mesh topology networks in presence of nomadic nodes.
• MD-STAR protocol satisfies the system requirement of low power consumption, low latency and low collision probability.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT:
• modify MD-STAR algorithm to manage mobile nodes using a phased array antenna model.
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