8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
1/36
EMPOWERING COMPUTERS
IN THE WORKPLACE
The Impact of Computing Technologies to the Job Sectors
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
2/36
COMPUTERS & EMPLOYMENT
People predicted that the latest technologieswill result to a declining employment rate inthe manufacturing and commerce industry.
According to Forrester and Morrison (1994),this impact was not as great as predicted dueto three main reasons.
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
3/36
COMPUTERS & EMPLOYMENT
THREE MAIN REASONS:
The introduction of computers into theworkplace was slower than expecteddue to financial, technical, human and
organizational problems
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
4/36
COMPUTERS & EMPLOYMENT
THREE MAIN REASONS:
The alarming rate of unemployment thatexisted at the time was not seen toincrease dramatically
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
5/36
COMPUTERS & EMPLOYMENT
THREE MAIN REASONS:
In the US and Europe, the baby boomgenerations entry into the workforcewas largely complete by the end of the80s and the arrival of the baby burst
generation in the 1990s saw someshortages of labor developing. Baby Boom Generation= Post World War II, 60s 70s
Baby Burst Generation= Generation X, late 70s early 80s
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
6/36
COMPUTERS & EMPLOYMENT
Results of the computerization of factoriesand offices:
Employment opportunities
for less skilled manual and clerical workers
Job losses
in traditional manufacturing industries
Emergence of the IT Industry incorporates hardware, software, development, web
design, technical and administrative support, andcomputer services
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
7/36
COMPUTERS & EMPLOYMENT
Employment fields where computers havereplaced people:
Bank Tellers
Telephone Switchboard Operators
Electric Meter readers
Customer Service Employees
Railway dispatch operation employees
Floor Couriers (Messengers)
Travel Agency Personnel
Other Manual Labor Factory Workers
accdg. to Sara Baase, 2003
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
8/36
COMPUTERS & EMPLOYMENT
Employment fields where computers havecreated new jobs: Internet-Related Jobs
Cellular Communications Industry Chip makers
Computer Scientists and Engineers
Information Technology
System Analysts and Computer Programmers Support Staff, e.g. receptionists, janitors and clerks
Design, Marketing, Manufacture, Sales, CustomerService, Repair and Maintenance
accdg. to Sara Baase, 2003
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
9/36
COMPUTERS & WORK QUALITY
Different views on the effects of computers inthe quality of work on a workplace:
Computers provide an opportunity to
increase worker skills.
Workers engage with the technology, pleased to
develop IT skills and see potential for promotion as aresult of increased technical abilities.
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
10/36
COMPUTERS & WORK QUALITY
Different views on the effects of computers inthe quality of work on a workplace:
Computer technology reduces jobs for
skilled workers and increases employment
for less-skilled machine-minders.
Manual labor is lessened, while the less skilled butmore familiar workers on the machines retain theirjobs.
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
11/36
COMPUTERS & WORK QUALITY
Different views on the effects of computers inthe quality of work on a workplace:
New technologies give the company a need
to compete in the marketplace and move
with the times.
Constant upgrades and trainings are needed to keepup with the fast-paced computing industry.
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
12/36
COMPUTERS & WORK QUALITY
Different views on the effects of computers inthe quality of work on a workplace:
On Psychological Effects: Automating a
mess only creates automated mess.
Constant required training may not sit well and may
cause stress, loss of job satisfaction, low morale andpoor management labour relations.
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
13/36
COMPUTERS & WORK QUALITY
Different views on the effects of computers inthe quality of work on a workplace:
On Psychological Effects: Stress,
Depersonalization, Fatigue and Boredom
An automated workplace can increase the
temptations to commit misdeeds, diminish humaninitiative, and cause the abdication of decisionmaking..
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
14/36
COMPUTERS & WORK QUALITY
Different views on the effects of computers inthe quality of work on a workplace:
Health and Safety Hazards:
Harmful radiation issues, miscarriages, eyestrain,neck and shoulder problems and arm, hand and finger
injury
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
15/36
COMPUTERIZED MONITORING IN
THE WORKPLACE Employee Internet Management (EIM)
Software a new class of software able to: detect the presence of particular file types on a network changes in hardware or software
particular content or text strings stored on a network (forpornographic material or abusive emails)
excessive use of certain applications
browsing on unauthorized websites
monitoring bandwidth consumption
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
16/36
COMPUTERIZED MONITORING IN
THE WORKPLACE Monitoring features that can be used in the
workplace:
Web-blocking denying an access to anemployee trying to reach a site which has beenfound in a specific database
End-point device control enables an alert to be
sent if unauthorized changes are detected byrecording all changes to hardware and softwarefor database update every specified number ofminutes
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
17/36
COMPUTERIZED MONITORING IN
THE WORKPLACE Monitoring features that can be used in the
workplace:
Porn detection identifies and removesinappropriate materials and ensures theenterprise remains protected
Removable Devices monitors, detects, actions
and reports upon all activities on both the localand the extended network. Records the use ofremovable drives in addition to detailing whichfiles were accessed or copied
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
18/36
COMPUTERIZED MONITORING IN
THE WORKPLACE Monitoring features that can be used in the
workplace:
Malware Detection detects malicious software e.g. spyware, password crackers and utilities, browser
hijackers and plugins, network management tools andsniffers, hacking utilities and tools, keystroke loggers and virusgenerators
IPR Copyright Theft reports on presence ofmovie and music files download activity, internetactivity, streaming activity and others
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
19/36
COMPUTERIZED MONITORING IN
THE WORKPLACE Monitoring features that can be used in the
workplace:
Reports of Instant Messaging and Peer-to-PeerActivity Application Monitoring used for detailing
productivity across the enterprise, analyzing workpatterns and practices, highlighting areas of risk
and potential liability, detecting unlicensed ornon-approved software, enforcement of companypolicies and determining which applications areused and which are not
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
20/36
POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF
EMPLOYEE MONITORING Secure network and workplace
Protection from illegal activities
Avoidance of Employee Sabotage and/orEspionage
Effective rewards and incentives Objective and factual measurement
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
21/36
POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF
EMPLOYEE MONITORING Eliminates rampant waste
Easy assistance in troubleshooting andfine-tuning of a system
Streamlines job design
Fair proportion of workloads Effective evaluation
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
22/36
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF
EMPLOYEE MONITORING Undermines trust
Increases competition
Increases stress
Reduces autonomy
Focuses on quantity of work
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
23/36
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF
EMPLOYEE MONITORING Quality of work may deteriorate
Morale declines
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
24/36
Code of Ethics to Control the
Use of Computerized Monitoring
1.) Apply to monitoring the same protection
that applies to pre-enrollment backgroundchecks, that is, permit only information to becollected which is directly relevant to the job
Forester and Morrison 1994
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
25/36
Code of Ethics to Control the
Use of Computerized Monitoring
2.) Requiring employers to provide employees
with advance notice of the introduction ofmonitoring as well as appropriatemechanisms for appeal
Forester and Morrison 1994
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
26/36
Code of Ethics to Control the
Use of Computerized Monitoring
3.) Requiring people to verify machine-
produced information before using it toevaluate employees
Forester and Morrison 1994
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
27/36
Code of Ethics to Control the
Use of Computerized Monitoring
4.) Providing workers with access to the
information themselves and providingmechanisms for monetary redress foremployees whose rights are violated or whoare victims of erroneous information
generated by monitoring systems
Forester and Morrison 1994
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
28/36
Code of Ethics to Control the
Use of Computerized Monitoring
5.) Applying a statute of limitations on data
from monitoring. The older the data, the lesspotential relevance and the greater thedifficulty employees have in challenging it.
Forester and Morrison 1994
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
29/36
TELECOMMUTING
also called teleworking
the use of telecommunications and Internet
technologies to work outside the traditionaloffice or workplace, usually at home on in amobile situation
also dubbed working from anywhere
enabled people in organizations to workacross large distances and across differenttime zones
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
30/36
TELECOMMUTING
virtual organizations
organizations whose members work almostentirely through telecommunications, withoccasional face-to-face meetings
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
31/36
TELECOMMUTING
Factors Affecting the Future ofTelecommuting: availability of bandwidth and infrastructure in a
given country social methodologies for balancing work and work
freedom
perceived values and economies in
telecommuting opportunities and need for working
collaboratively across large distances, includingglobally
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
32/36
TELECOMMUTING
Benefits of Telecommuting:
Reduction of office space required for employees
Increased productivity
Reduction in absenteeism
Improved morale
Improved recruitment
Benefits to the environment
Lower costs for the worker
Quinn, 2004
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
33/36
TELECOMMUTING
Benefits of Telecommuting:
Health Benefits:
Reduced spread of communicable diseases
Reduction in stress-related illnesses
Reduced production of pollutants that lead toincreased health problems
Improved access to individual health needs
Quinn, 2004
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
34/36
TELECOMMUTING
Drawbacks of Telecommuting:
Less camaraderie and social interaction withcolleagues
Intrusion of the workplace home setting, thus adifficulty in defining concrete working hours
Threat to management control of worker
autonomy Lack of face-to-face interaction with customers at
the workplace
Security Issues
Quinn, 2004
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
35/36
TELECOMMUTING
Drawbacks of Telecommuting: Difficulty of scheduling team meetings
Lack of visibility with management
Lack of support for the office worker from theremote worker
Teleworker feeling a need to be always availableto prove that they are working
Isolation socially, no stimulation of ideas, peersupport or technical support
Tendency to work longer hours
Quinn, 2004
8/4/2019 Empowering Computers
36/36
End of Presentation
Top Related