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Page 1: Emotions
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► A general rule for emotion is that you cannot experience more A general rule for emotion is that you cannot experience more than one at a time.than one at a time.

Ex. Feeling stress you can’t feel happy.Ex. Feeling stress you can’t feel happy.

Feeling depress you can’t be motivated.Feeling depress you can’t be motivated.

- Our perception changes whenever our emotions change.Our perception changes whenever our emotions change.- Ex. After watching an action movie, playing violent video Ex. After watching an action movie, playing violent video

games some tend to become aggressivegames some tend to become aggressive..- Emotions affect communications. Emotions affect communications. - Ex. You feel scared in horror movie when you see actors feeling Ex. You feel scared in horror movie when you see actors feeling

scared.scared.-

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► Journal: 2knowmyself , “How to become emotionally intelligent”?Journal: 2knowmyself , “How to become emotionally intelligent”?

► Emotional Intelligence – ability to take right decision even when you Emotional Intelligence – ability to take right decision even when you are under the effect of a certain emotion.are under the effect of a certain emotion.

► Concern: How a person loses his temper?Concern: How a person loses his temper?► How a person manages to control it?How a person manages to control it?

► Emotional intelligence is all about understanding the real reason Emotional intelligence is all about understanding the real reason behind people’s behavior instead of judging them without thinking.behind people’s behavior instead of judging them without thinking.

► The first key to emotional intelligence is understanding your actions, The first key to emotional intelligence is understanding your actions, emotions and the underlying reasons behind them.emotions and the underlying reasons behind them.

► Examples.Examples.► 1. The arrogant person might just need affection.1. The arrogant person might just need affection.

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► The stubborn person might just be afraid to do something he The stubborn person might just be afraid to do something he did not try before.did not try before.

► The shopping addict might just be someone who has a self The shopping addict might just be someone who has a self image problem.image problem.

► A bad tempered might be someone who is already hurt.A bad tempered might be someone who is already hurt.► Some people are showy because they lack confidence.Some people are showy because they lack confidence.► Some are arrogant because they believe that nobody will Some are arrogant because they believe that nobody will

respect him/her if they did not act that way.respect him/her if they did not act that way.► Some acts superior because they feel inferior.Some acts superior because they feel inferior.► Some are aggressive because they have hidden fear.Some are aggressive because they have hidden fear.► Some get mad and shout because they are insecure.Some get mad and shout because they are insecure.► Some are sarcastic because they have wounded and criticized Some are sarcastic because they have wounded and criticized

as children.as children.

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► I. NATURE AND DEFINITIONS OF I. NATURE AND DEFINITIONS OF EMOTIONS:EMOTIONS:

►A. Meaning of the term:A. Meaning of the term: Latin verb – “emovere” – which means to Latin verb – “emovere” – which means to

stir up, agitates, upset or move.stir up, agitates, upset or move. As a stirred – up reaction of the entire As a stirred – up reaction of the entire

organism to a stimulus involving organism to a stimulus involving physiological, neural and glandular physiological, neural and glandular changes. changes.

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► Emotion is a feeling brought on by real or imagined Emotion is a feeling brought on by real or imagined object or event that is important to you.object or event that is important to you.

► 4 things happen when you experience an emotion4 things happen when you experience an emotion

► 1. You are faced with a stimulus that causes you to 1. You are faced with a stimulus that causes you to react.react.

► 2. You have a feeling, such as happiness or fear.2. You have a feeling, such as happiness or fear.► 3. You experience physical responses.3. You experience physical responses.► 4. You display a physical behavior such as smiling 4. You display a physical behavior such as smiling

or crying.or crying.

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►Emotions have 3 partsEmotions have 3 parts

►1. Physical1. Physical

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►2. Behavioral2. Behavioral

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►3. Cognitive3. Cognitive

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►1.Charles Darwin 1.Charles Darwin ► People express “Basic Feelings”People express “Basic Feelings”

Basic facial expression are innate, that is Basic facial expression are innate, that is inherited as part of our physical makeup.inherited as part of our physical makeup.

►2. Carroll Izard 2. Carroll Izard ►Identified 10 basic emotional states . Changes Identified 10 basic emotional states . Changes

in parts of the face:in parts of the face:►(eyebrows, eyes, mouth)(eyebrows, eyes, mouth)

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►How do we learn our emotional reactions ?How do we learn our emotional reactions ?► James Averill believed we learn from James Averill believed we learn from ► a. Social Expectationa. Social Expectation

b. Social Consequencesb. Social Consequences

Thus : Thus :

1.We learn to experience and express emotions 1.We learn to experience and express emotions in the company of other people.in the company of other people.

2. How others react to our emotional 2. How others react to our emotional expressions help shape them.expressions help shape them.

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► Theories of Emotions:Theories of Emotions:► 1. James – Lange theory of emotions:1. James – Lange theory of emotions:► ““The person perceives the situation that The person perceives the situation that

evokes the emotions; He becomes aware of evokes the emotions; He becomes aware of the emotion; Then he reacts to the emotions”.the emotion; Then he reacts to the emotions”.

► According to William James:According to William James:► 1. We perceived1. We perceived► 2. We react2. We react► 3. We realize 3. We realize

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►Carl Lange theoryCarl Lange theory► James and Carl proposed the same James and Carl proposed the same

explanation:explanation: ““Emotion is not due to the perceived Emotion is not due to the perceived

object and its influence but, “When the object and its influence but, “When the object is perceived physiological changes object is perceived physiological changes occur, then the emotion follow”. occur, then the emotion follow”.

Therefore: Emotions are the perception of Therefore: Emotions are the perception of certain changes within the body.certain changes within the body.

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►Caroll IzardCaroll Izard

He believed that the way we He believed that the way we experience emotions results from what experience emotions results from what we feel the muscles in our face is we feel the muscles in our face is doing.doing.

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►William B. Cannon – Philip Bard theoryWilliam B. Cannon – Philip Bard theory

►The “brain” sends 2 reactionThe “brain” sends 2 reaction

1. waking the body’s processes1. waking the body’s processes

2. experience emotion2. experience emotion

One does not cause the other they occur One does not cause the other they occur together.together.

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►Opponent Process Theory by Richard Opponent Process Theory by Richard Solomon and John CorbitSolomon and John Corbit

►The sympathetic system prepares the The sympathetic system prepares the body for action. And parasympathetic body for action. And parasympathetic systems calms the body. These 2 systems systems calms the body. These 2 systems act together to control our emotions.act together to control our emotions.

►Application: When the stimulus for one Application: When the stimulus for one emotion is removed, you feel the opposite emotion is removed, you feel the opposite emotion.emotion.

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► B. Hypothalamic theory of Emotions:B. Hypothalamic theory of Emotions:► Function: The hypothalamus is the control center of Function: The hypothalamus is the control center of

the neural activity involved in emotion.the neural activity involved in emotion.► According to Walter B. Cannon : “Bodily changes alone According to Walter B. Cannon : “Bodily changes alone

could not account for the different human feelings. could not account for the different human feelings.► First, the organism perceives a situation to be First, the organism perceives a situation to be

fearsome.fearsome.► Second, hypothalamus takes over, impulses go out Second, hypothalamus takes over, impulses go out

from this control center to the brain and other parts of from this control center to the brain and other parts of the body.the body.

► Hence: We have the awareness of feeling of fear and Hence: We have the awareness of feeling of fear and at the same time the bodily changes and the action of at the same time the bodily changes and the action of running away are taking place.running away are taking place.

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►C. Activation theory of emotions:C. Activation theory of emotions:►D. B. Lindsay _ “Emotion is a D. B. Lindsay _ “Emotion is a

heightened state of activity of the heightened state of activity of the nervous system, the cerebral cortex. “nervous system, the cerebral cortex. “

►Heightened activity – the increased rate Heightened activity – the increased rate of discharge of neural impulses.of discharge of neural impulses.

►Sensory feedback from the muscles to Sensory feedback from the muscles to the central nervous system increases the central nervous system increases activation.activation.

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► Limbic theory of emotion:Limbic theory of emotion:► E. Gelhorn “ we have a visceral brain that E. Gelhorn “ we have a visceral brain that

comprises the limbic system composed of comprises the limbic system composed of variety of neural centers lying in the old area variety of neural centers lying in the old area of the cortex and the hypothalamus. of the cortex and the hypothalamus.

► Visceral brain is the interpretations of feelings Visceral brain is the interpretations of feelings arising from the internal organs of the body.arising from the internal organs of the body.

► The theory simply explains : While the Cortex The theory simply explains : While the Cortex is engaged in intellectual interpretation of is engaged in intellectual interpretation of verbal and related symbols, the limbic system verbal and related symbols, the limbic system makes interpretations in terms of emotions makes interpretations in terms of emotions and feeling that go with the emotional and feeling that go with the emotional experience.experience.

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► III. Aspect of Emotions:III. Aspect of Emotions:► 1. Physiological Changes1. Physiological Changes► a. Circulatory systema. Circulatory system► b. Respiratory systemb. Respiratory system► c. Secretion of duct and glandsc. Secretion of duct and glands► 1. General glands1. General glands► 2. Sweat glands2. Sweat glands► d. Involvement of the nervous systemd. Involvement of the nervous system► e. Facial expressione. Facial expression► f. Vocal expressionf. Vocal expression

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►2. Emotional behavior2. Emotional behavior► 1. Emotions can act as motive.1. Emotions can act as motive.► 2. Emotions can be responses.2. Emotions can be responses.► 3.3. Personal Emotional ExperiencePersonal Emotional Experience

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► Iv. Classification of EmotionsIv. Classification of Emotions► 1. Basic vs. Derived1. Basic vs. Derived► Basic Emotions: fear, anger, love.Basic Emotions: fear, anger, love.►Derived Emotions: joy , pleasure, delight, Derived Emotions: joy , pleasure, delight,

affection, happiness are derived from LOVE.affection, happiness are derived from LOVE.►Worry, shame, guilt anxiety are derived Worry, shame, guilt anxiety are derived

from FEAR.from FEAR.► Jealousy, envy, hate, hostility, annoyance Jealousy, envy, hate, hostility, annoyance

are derived from ANGER.are derived from ANGER.

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►2. Mild vs. Intense emotions2. Mild vs. Intense emotions► Intense emotions : anger, fear, Intense emotions : anger, fear,

jealousy, grief involved great activity in jealousy, grief involved great activity in the autonomic nervous system.the autonomic nervous system.

►Mild emotions ; annoyance, worry, Mild emotions ; annoyance, worry, affection, disappointment, sadness affection, disappointment, sadness create merely slight imbalance in the create merely slight imbalance in the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system. The individual experiences such emotions individual experiences such emotions with less arousal of feelings. with less arousal of feelings.

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► 3. Pleasant vs. Unpleasant Emotions3. Pleasant vs. Unpleasant Emotions► Pleasant emotions ; joy, jubilation, Pleasant emotions ; joy, jubilation,

enchantment, elation , enjoyment, love, enchantment, elation , enjoyment, love, affection, happiness, thrill, excitement, affection, happiness, thrill, excitement, pride, infatuation, sympathy.pride, infatuation, sympathy.

► Unpleasant emotions – gloom, sorrow, worry, Unpleasant emotions – gloom, sorrow, worry, anxiety, distress, disgust, dissatisfaction, anxiety, distress, disgust, dissatisfaction, repulsion, shame, guilt, grief, frustrations, repulsion, shame, guilt, grief, frustrations, embarrassment, envy, jealousy, hostility, embarrassment, envy, jealousy, hostility, hate, antagonism, annoyance, irritation. hate, antagonism, annoyance, irritation.

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► 4. Positive vs. Negative emotions4. Positive vs. Negative emotions► If emotion makes the person happy, satisfied If emotion makes the person happy, satisfied

fulfilled we say emotion is positive.fulfilled we say emotion is positive.► If emotion affects the person adversely by If emotion affects the person adversely by

making him aggressive, hostile, obnoxious making him aggressive, hostile, obnoxious and repulsive we classify emotion as negative.and repulsive we classify emotion as negative.

► Positive emotion helps the person attain Positive emotion helps the person attain emotional maturity while, negative emotions emotional maturity while, negative emotions make him emotionally immature and make him emotionally immature and disagreeable,.disagreeable,.

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► Control of EmotionsControl of Emotions

► 1. Awareness of reality (learn to accept reality and 1. Awareness of reality (learn to accept reality and learn to adjust.learn to adjust.

► 2. Awareness of emotional problems ( learn to face 2. Awareness of emotional problems ( learn to face failure and realize failure can be the stepping stone failure and realize failure can be the stepping stone of success.of success.

► 3. Suppression of emotions3. Suppression of emotions► 4. Overcoming bad emotional habits (patience and 4. Overcoming bad emotional habits (patience and

perseverance)perseverance)► 5. Sense of humor ( Mature person is a person who 5. Sense of humor ( Mature person is a person who

can laugh at his errors and failures.)can laugh at his errors and failures.)