ELEMENTS OF ARTValueArt 100
. . . . . . . . .Fundamentals of Graphic Design
Definition of ValueValue is the degree of light or dark of an object or surface.
- Another term for value is “tone”.
Value has many possible steps.Value is the contrast between black and
white
and all the tones in between.
Value can Create 3D Space. Value can be used
to give the illusion of
volume and depth by adding shading to an area.
Value can Mix Spatial Effects. Value can mix the
volume and depth
of a design by adding
shading to selected
areas only.- Is this a flat or
volumetric design?
Value can Create Distance.
Value can make
objects appear
to be in front of
or behind
each other.
Value can Create Emphasis.Value can draw the
eye to the part of
the composition
that the designer
wants the viewer to
notice first.
Value is Always Relative.
Value is influenced by the background
color and all other parts of the design.
Value can Create Movement. Objects of different
values create a more
dynamic appearance.
Some parts stand out
while others recede.
Value can Minimize Movement.
Objects of similar
value create a static
design, with all parts
more or less equal in
visual importance.
Value and Contrast
The greater the
difference in value
between an object
and its background,
the greater the
contrast.
Value and Contrast
The greater the
contrast between
an object and
its background
the more it will
attract the eye.
High-Contrast Values
Designs with
high-contrast
values create
dramatic effects
and exciting
moods.
Low-Contrast Values
Designs with
low-contrast
values create
soft effects
and subdued
moods.
Similar Values Create Blends.
When shapes
of similar value
are placed next
to each other,
they seem to
merge together.
Value and Text
Value issues
apply equally
to the use of
text in a design.
ELEMENTS OF ARTColor
Art 100
. . . . . . . . .Fundamentals of Graphic Design
Origins of ColorColor results from reflected light waves transmitted through the eyes and interpreted by the brain. This prism shows the separation of white-light waves into colors. Rainbows show the same white-light fracturing.
The Visible Color SpectrumLight consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. Not all wavelengths are detectable to humans, but the “visible spectrum” is visible to the human eye. The "visible window" ends with ultraviolet light on one side of the spectrum and infrared light on the other.
The Visible Color SpectrumMany species can see light beyond the human spectrum. Bees can see ultraviolet light, which helps them find nectar. Some birds have ultraviolet markings on their plumage that attract potential mates.
The peacock mantis
shrimp has nature’s
most complex eyes,
which detect 16
channels of light;
Humans can
see only four.
Color Basics - Define “Hue”Hue - The name of a color, such as Red, Yellow, or Blue.
The Color Wheel All color wheels are constructs that try to explain
the complexities of color systems:This example
Shows Primary,
Secondary, and
Tertiary colors,
along with
Color Opposites
Color Hue Hues can be divided into primary, secondary,
and tertiary colors.
Primary Colors - Red, Yellow, Blue.
Secondary Colors - Orange, Green, Violet.
Tertiary Colors - Red-orange, Blue-violet, Yellow-green, etc.
The Color Wheel There are six basic hues, which are also
primary and secondary colors:– Red
– Orange
– Yellow
– Green
– Blue
– Violet
There are Countless RedsIf one says ‘red’ and fifty people are listening, there are fifty different reds in their minds. All of these reds will be very different. Color is in continuous flux, constantly related to changing color neighbors and conditions.
Color Wheel and Value This color wheel shows value gradations
through the gradual addition of black:
Variations of Color Hues
• Achromatic - Without hue. Contains only blacks, whites, or grays.
• Monochromatic - Has a single hue. May contain variations in brightness and darkness.
• Polychromatic - Has many hues.
Color as Value
Characteristics of color include degrees of light or dark, also known as color value.
Lightest Color
Values
Darkest Color
Values
Color ValueEach color has its own value range (degree of light & dark.)
Below, Green has the lightest value range, while Cyan and Magenta have darker value ranges.
LightestValues
DarkestValues
BrightestColors
Color Tints and Shades
Tint - Addition of white to a color.
Shade - Addition of black to a color.
Tints Shades
PureColors
Color Basics - SaturationSaturation – Brightness or dullness of a color.
Saturation, Chroma, Intensity – All the same thing.
Full-Intensity Color
Color Basics - SaturationHighest intensity color – Fully saturated.
Saturated color – Maximum chroma; no neutralizing
colors like black white, or gray.
Full-Intensity Color
Color SaturationFully saturated hues become dull when mixedwith black, white, or gray.
- Saturated Hues
- Dulled Hues Still reveal their original identities, though dimmed.
Color TemperatureAll colors have a temperature:Warm colors - Reds, oranges, yellows.
Warm colors project outward.
Cool colors - Blues, greens, violets. Cool colors recede backward.
Color Basics - Characteristics
Warm Colors -
Yellow, Orange, Red
Neutral Colors -
White, Gray, Black
Cool Colors -
Green, Blue, Violet
Color Questions
– Which color is warmest?
– Which color is coolest?
Color Value - High ContrastA wide range of value variety.
Color Value - Low ContrastA narrow range of value relationships.
Sources of LightThe light illumination necessary to see colors can come from the sun, a natural source, or from artificial sources, such as halogen, or incandescent and florescent lights.
Computer screens display luminous light.
Additive and Subtractive Colors
Additive Colors - The more colors that are mixed, the lighter the colors created: “Luminous screen colors”.
Subtractive Colors - The more colors that are mixed, the darker the colors created: “Physical pigment colors”.
Additive Color SystemAdditive Color System - Based on luminous, projected light. RGB Primary Colors – Red, green, blue.RGB - Default palette for digital graphics. RGB colors are brighter than CMYK colors: Because RGB derives from luminous projected light. White Light - Composed of maximum amounts of RGB hues.Black – The absence of all light.
RGB Color
Color and the Computer
Additive Color Media
Additive Color Media - Television monitors, Computer monitors, DVD, video games, digital film, and digital photography.
Color and the Computer
Additive Colors and Values
White - The presence of all colors; Composed of maximum amounts of red, green, and blue components.Black – The absence of all light, and therefore the absence of all color.
Subractive Color SystemSubractive Color System - Based on mixing pigment colors. CMYK Primary Colors – Cyan, magenta, yellow, black.CMYK - Four-color printing colors. CMYK colors are dimmer than RGB colors: Because CMYK derives from reflected pigment light. Black – Called “K” for “key”.Black - Added to CMY to add value = CMYK.
CMYK Color
Color and Pigment Media
Subtractive Color Media
Subtractive Color Media - Printing pigments, oil paint, acrylic paint, watercolors, pastels, colored pencils.
Subtractive Colors
Pigments are color substances composed of metals like cobalts and earthen materials like iron. In the old days artists ground them to a powder and added a binder like oil (oil paint.)
The subtractive color system is based on mixing color pigments. As colors are mixed, they create a subtracting effect.
Colors Hues?• Primary Colors - Red, Yellow, Blue
• Secondary Colors - Orange, Green, Purple
Question: Is this design composed of dominantly primary or secondary hues?
Color Hues?
• Question: Is this design composed of achromatic, monochromatic or polychromatic hues?
Color Hues?
• Question: Is this design composed of dominantly achromatic, monochromatic or polychromatic hues?
Color Basics - Saturation?Saturation – Color’s intensity, tone, chroma.
Question: Where is the most saturated blue in this design?
Color Basics - Saturation?Saturation – Color’s intensity, tone, chroma.
Question: Where is the most saturated red in this design?
Color Basics - Temperature?Temperature - Warm or cool colors.
Question: Is this design composed of primarily warm or cool colors?
Color Basics - Temperature?Temperature - Warm or cool colors.
Question: Is this design composed of primarily warm or cool colors?
Color Basics - Temperature?Temperature - Warm or cool colors.
Question: Is this design composed of primarily warm or cool colors?
Color Tints and Shades?
Questions: In which grid square are the lightest tints?
In which square are the darkest shades?
Hint: Squint to decide.
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