INCREASING PROJECT SUCCESS THROUGH
EFFECTIVE PROJECT CHANGE
MANAGEMENTProject Management Workshop
Brandon Olson, PhD
Purpose•Define projects and project management•Describe change and its influence on projects•Determine the best practices for managing change
•Develop a plan to create a formalized project change management practice
Agenda•Definitions•Project Failures•Project Management Variables•Project Change Issues•Project CM Best Practices•Project Change Management Process
Agenda•Definitions•Project Failures•Project Management Variables•Project Change Issues•Project CM Best Practices•Project Change Management Process
Definitions of Project Management• "...a complex, non-routine, one-time effort limited by time, budget,
resources, and performance specifications designed to meet customer needs(Gray & Larson, 2008)
• "...a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.“ (PMI, 2013)
UniqueTemporary
One-Time
Project Characteristics
Kerzner, 2009
PROJECTSpecific Objective withDefined Specifications
Defined Startand End Dates
Funding Limitations
Consume Human andNonhuman Resources
Multiple Disciplines
Operations vs. ProjectsOperations Projects
Taking notes in class Writing a research paperRecording sales into ledger Setting up sales kiosk for conventionPracticing a musical instrument Writing a new piece of musicManufacturing the iPhone Designing the new OSAttaching sales tags to merchandise Implementing a new RFID system
Adapted from Gray & Larson, 2008
Agenda•Definitions•Project Failures•Project Management Variables•Project Change Issues•Project CM Best Practices•Project Change Management Process
Project Success Rates
Successful Challenged Failed0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
199419961998200420092011
Gale, S. (2011). Failure rates finally drop. PM Network, 25(8), 10-11.
Sources of Project Failures1. No project champion2. Process shortcuts3. Unable to manage
expectations4. Variable lock-in5. Poor estimating
techniques
6. Over optimism7. Resource assumptions8. Inadequate people
management skills9. Unable to adapt to
change10.Insufficient resources
Adapted from Whitten & Bentley, 2007
Agenda•Definitions•Project Failures•Project Management Variables•Project Change Issues•Project CM Best Practices•Project Change Management Process
Agenda•Definitions•Project Failures•Project Management Variables•Project Change Issues•Project CM Best Practices•Project Change Management Process
Additional / Revised Scope•New functions•Increased scale of functionality•Increased quality of functionality
Scope Creep•Functional Stakeholders•“Wouldn’t it be cool if…”•Small changes•Each change does not influence budget or schedule•Over time accumulated changes influence budgetand schedule
•Example:•Add sound to submit button•Change color of submit button•Confirmation screen•Cancel option
Feature Creep•Project Team Members•“I can improve it by adding this…”•Project team builds in unrequested features•Each change does not influence budget or schedule•Over time accumulated changesinfluence budget and schedule
•Example:•Add sound to submit button•Change color of submit button•Confirmation screen•Easter egg (Google Images – Atari Breakout)
Business Change•New strategies•New external environment•Project deliverables no longer needed•Project deliverables no longer effective
Agenda•Definitions•Project Failures•Project Management Variables•Project Change Issues•Project CM Best Practices•Project Change Management Process
Expectations Management MatrixMeasures of Success
Max / Min
Constrain
Accept
Cost
Schedule
Scope
Adapted from Whitten & Bentley, 2007
Expectations – Change in Speed to MarketMeasures of Success
Max / Min
Constrain
Accept
Cost
Schedule
Scope
Agenda•Definitions•Project Failures•Project Management Variables•Project Change Issues•Project CM Best Practices•Project Change Management Process
Change Management ProcessRequest
edChange
ChangeRequest
ReviewReques
t
Approved? AdjustPlan
ExecuteNew Plan
Informand
Continue
ProjectPlanDocs
ChangeProposa
l
Change RequestTracking Data•Changer Order ID•Request Date•Project Name•Requester Name•Requester Phone/Email
Specifications•Change Description•Anticipated Benefits
•Anticipated Goals
Change Proposal•Summarize Project Change•Project Scope Implications•New Project Deliverables or Design•Change Budget•Change Schedule•New Project Budget•New Project Schedule
References• Gale, S. (2011). Failure rates finally drop. PM Network, 25(8), 10-
11.• Gray, C.F., & Larson, E.W. (2008). Project management: The
managerial process (4th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.• Kerzner, H. (2009). Project management: A systems approach to
planning, scheduling, and controlling. New York, NY: Wiley.• Project Management Institute (2013). A guide to the project
management body of knowledge (5th ed.). Newtown Square: PA: Author.
• Whitten, J.L. & Bentley, L.D. (2007). Systems analysis and design methods (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irvin.
Top Related