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2007/HRDWG/FOR/016a
Economy Report Philippines: Sustainable Career Development Throughout Working Life
(Presentation)
Submitted by: Philippines
Forum on Sustainable Career Development Throughout Working Life
Chiba, Japan 14-16 November 2007
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Sustainable Career Development Throughout Working Life:Republic of the Philippines
Paper Presented byDirector Ma. Celeste M. ValderramaDepartment of Labor and Employment, Manila
APEC Forum on Human Resource DevelopmentSustainable Career Development Throughout Working Life14-16 November 2007Chiba, Japan
Department of Labor &
Employment
Outline of Presentation
1. Concept, Strategy and Basic Policy
2. Labor Market situation
3. Career Development Status and Tasks: 3 views
3.1 The Individual Worker3.2 The enterprise (private sector)3.3 The public sector support
4. Special Measures for the Informal Sector
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Concept, Strategy and Basic Policy
Career Development Measures in the Philippines
Department of Labor &
Employment
“Human capital is the single biggest competitive edge of the Philippines and is expected to sustain and proper the country’s competitiveness.”
- National Competitiveness Summit 206
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Department of Labor &
Employment
1. State policy
The Labor Code of the Philippines
“The State shall promote and maintain a state of full employment though improved manpower training, allocation and utilization.”
Department of Labor &
Employment
2. Strategies
The Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (2004-2010)
Employment generation: job-creation measuresEmployment preservation: measures to maintain industrial peaceEmployment enhancement : measures to advance the quality of work life of workers while working Employment facilitation: job matching and labor market information services.
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Department of Labor &
Employment
The Technical Education and Skills Development Act
“The State shall encourage active participation of various concerned sectors particularly private enterprises being direct participants in the immediate beneficiaries of a trained and skilled workforce in providing technical education and skills development opportunities”
Department of Labor &
Employment
The National Action Plan to Achieve Education for all by year 2015
Every child, youth and adult has the human right to benefit fromeducation that will meet the basic learning needs including the full development of human personality
Functional literacy means having the complete range of skills and competencies which enables individuals to live and work as human persons, develop their potentials, make critical and informed decisions, and function effectively in society
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Department of Labor &
Employment
The National Technical Education Skills Development Plan (NTESDP) 2005-2009
continued enhancement of competencies through skills training. Industry and employers to support competency building by pursuing workplace-based HRD programs for their employees.
Department of Labor &
Employment
3. Concept
Sustainable Career Development are purposive activities during one’s working life that continuously enhance the competencies of an individual leading to one’s career growth, and consequently, towards full employment and development of his human potentials.
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Department of Labor &
Employment
A continuing development cycleIndividuals with
sustainable career growth
Productive individuals
Productive industries
Economic development of the nation
Career support measures
workforce training and skill developmenteducationwork redesign or job enhancementon the job training, apprenticeship and learnershiplabor market information and public employment servicespolicy and program support
Labor Market Situation
Career Development Measures in the Philippines
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Department of Labor &
Employment
Employed Persons92.3%
(33.5 M)
Unemployed Persons7.69%(2.8 M)
Source of data: National Statistics Office, Labor Force Survey.
36.4 million workforce
33.5 million employed workforce
2.8 million unemployed workforce
Employment StatusEmployment Status……
Department of Labor &
Employment
16.790 M (53.4%)
4.038 (11.5%)
10.667 M (30.7%)
1.467 M (4.4%)
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000
UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS
SELF EMPLOYED
EMPLOYER
WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS
Wage and salary workers accounted for the majority of the employedSelf-employed comprised the second largest groupThe rest were employer or unpaid family workers
Employed by Class of WorkerEmployed by Class of Worker
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Department of Labor &
Employment
UNEMPLOYED
M ale64.4%
Female35.6%
College38.4%
High school 44.7%
Elementary16.0%
No Grade Completed
0.85%
SEX AGE GROUP HIGHEST GRADE COMPLETED
15-2448.5%25-54
47.4%
55 & Over4.1%
Source of data: National Statistics Office, Labor Force Survey.
Unemployed Persons:
Mostly male (64.7%)
Predominantly young workers age 15-24 years old (48.5%)
Relatively educated (38.4% college level and 30.1% high school graduate)
Total Unemployed Persons = 2.930 M (April 2006)Total Unemployed Persons = 2.930 M (April 2006)
Department of Labor &
Employment
The underemployed
persons who expressed the desire to have additional hours of work in their present job, or in an additional job, or to have a new job with longer working hours
Number has grown, from 2.8 million in 1997 to 4.1 million in 2005
less educated employees, unskilled workers in agriculture sector, and in their prime age (25 to 54 years old)
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Overall Deployment Trend of Overseas EmploymentOverall Deployment Trend of Overseas Employmentin the Philippines Over the Past 34 yearsin the Philippines Over the Past 34 years……
Note: AAGR – Average Annual Growth Rate.Sources of Data: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration.
Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics.
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,00019
72
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
Num
ber
The annual volume of Filipino workers deployed from 1972 to 2005 has grown by leaps and bounds. From a modest 14,366 deployed in 1972, total deployment already breached the 1 million deployment target for 2006 (1.1 M).
Occupational Shifts of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs):Occupational Shifts of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs):19721972--1987, 19921987, 1992--20042004
Sources of Data: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration.Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics.
Production Workers Professional WorkersService Workers
1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1986 1987 1992 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
68.6%
19.4%
9.9%
36.7%
29.1%
15.0%
36.6%
31.6%
27.7%
40.2%
33.2%
22.4%
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1997 19981993 1994 1995 1996
• Shift in skills demand from low-end occupations (production workers) to high-end occupations (professional workers)
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Department of Labor &
Employment
The workplace has been changing.
Agricultural workforce is shrinking
Service sector employment is expanding due to rapid technological innovations in information and communication
“casualization” of the workforce is increasing as more employers are resorting to labor flexibility arrangements to compete in the market.
Career Development Measures & Tasks: 3 Views
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Department of Labor &
Employment
View 1: The individual worker
Confronted with drastically changing workplace requirements (technology, restructuring of organizations and jobs)School-learnt skills are inadequateFaced with short-term, rather than long term employmentDesire to earn more or work more (especially the underemployed and informal sector) Attracted to high-paying overseas employment as a career goal
Department of Labor &
Employment
The individual common course of action
Pursuing higher education, a 2nd degree or tech-voc course with in-demand jobAvailing of livelihood seminars offered by tech-voc institutionsUsing self-help learning kitsSeeking mentors or business counsellors (entrepreneurs)
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Department of Labor &
Employment
Challenge: Increasing access of unskilled and low-educated workers to training and education
For the unskilled and low-educated workers, career growth is usually difficult because of inadequate qualifications and lack of funds to finance further skills training or education
Department of Labor &
Employment
View 2: The Enterprise (private sector)
Securing the best talents to achieve competitivenessFiling up current and future vacancies that are in-demand and hard-to-fillFilling up of vacancies due to attritionInvesting on people and retaining them due to piracy
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Department of Labor &
Employment
Measures taken at the enterprise level
Training, career development (job redesign/ crossposting/ job rotation), performance and rewards systems
Encouraging career shifters, especially in BPO
Intensive OJT and in-company training tied up with wages or incentives
Department of Labor &
Employment
Challenge: expanding career development activities in micro-enterprises
Much of the sophisticated training and career development activities are in large companies comprising only .4% of total establishments
Many small to medium-sized and micro-enterprises participate in OJT, learnership and apprenticeship (enterprise-based TVET)
But the micro enterprises which comprise the majority would generally develop careers through mentoring (by owners) or self-learning (observing and practice)
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Department of Labor &
Employment
View 3: Public Sector Support
The driving forces for the developing career support measures:
1. Reducing jobs- and – skills mismatch2. Increasing the nation’s competitiveness3. Upgrading skills in growth sectors4. Continuing education and training
Department of Labor &
Employment
Measures taken by the Philippine Government
Support Measure1. The PGMA
Training for Work Scholarship Program•Training subsidy (voucher scheme) for workers getting into in-demand, skill-shortage category courses
•Targets .5 mllion persons assisted from 2006-2010
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Department of Labor &
Employment
Skill development infrastructure
2. Ladderized Interface between Technical-Vocational Education and Training and Higher Education
•265 educational institutions which now allow certification of units enabled more workers to finish their education or higher tech-voc levels while working
Department of Labor &
Employment
3. Enterprise-based TVET programs, on-line tech-voc education, community based training
•101,650 apprentices and learners or 8% of TVET graduates (mainly garments, automotive, tourism)
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Department of Labor &
Employment
4. The Public Employment Service Office Network and computerized job matching facility
•760,000 workers placed by PESO annually
•100,000 job hits in PhilJobNet
Department of Labor &
Employment
One-stop-reintegration shop quickened work-placement of workers displaced during Lebanon war
Employment kiosks at the malls increased access of working people to job information
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Department of Labor &
Employment
Policy and Program Support
5. The National Human Resource Conference
Department of Labor &
Employment
Remaining tasks
Conduct of survey on investments in career development measures initiated or implemented by the private sector
Continuing multi-sector dialogue and consultation to expand in-company training and to make curriculum increasingly responsive to the industry requirementsUse of technology in career development activities to reach out to the large workforce population
Development of self-help handbooks for career shifters; career counsellors’ guide for human resource managers or practitioners
Training of Public Employment Service Officers in career counseling
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Special Measures for the Informal Sector
Department of Labor &
Employment
Current status of career development in the informal sector
Informal sector workers comprise 44.6% (14.6 million) self-employed and unpaid family workers
Largely male, in the prime working age (25-54 years old) and with low educational attainment
Majority are head of the family and engaged in part-time employment
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Department of Labor &
Employment
Measures
Livelihood skills trainingAssistance package (capital, marketing and packaging) Business counselling from the private sector (Go Negosyo)Quick response to displacedTVET, assessment and certification year-round
“When planning for one yearThere’s nothing better than planting grain.
When planning for ten years,There’s nothing better than planting trees.
When planning for a lifetime,There’s nothing better than planting men.”
-GuanziChinese Philosopher (551-479 BC)
Thank you.
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