EDITED BY
AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188
UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013
SANITARY PIPING SYSTEM
One Pipes system
Two Pipes System
ONE PIPE SYSTEM
The one-pipe system was an early attempt to economies in the labour and materials.
Less in amount of pipes work and cheaper to install
Although this was a big advantage economically, it was not accepted by all local
authorities for many years.
Used successfully for multi-story buildings such as blocks of flats
It is recommended that discharge pipes are fitted inside the building for
refurbishment work.
Figure of one pipe system
One-pipe system (note: this is almost identical in design to the modern fully ventilated
system).
With this system both soil and waste discharges are connected to a common discharge
pipe. All traps subject to risk of siphonage are fully ventilated
TWO PIPES SYSTEM
The most expensive of the soil and waste disposal system
Only be used in circumstances
Need to connect the appliances to the a separate waste stack
Waste stack connected to the horizontal drain either via a rest bend or a back inlet
gully
Waste appliances are connected such as basin, sink, bidets, and showers connected to
a waste stack and soil appliances as WCS are connected to the soil stack.
Soil and waste water are separated above ground level but discharge into same underground
drainage system.
EDITED BY
AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188
UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013
THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The combined system
The foul water from sanitary appliances and the rainwater from roofs and other
surfaces are carried by single drain to a combined sewer.
The cost required is low, but the load on the sewerage works is high.
The Separate System
The foul water from the sanitary appliances is carried by a foul water drain to afoul
water sewer and the rain water from the roofs and the other surfaces is carried by a
surface water drain into a surface water sewer
The system is more expensive but the load on the sewage works is greatly reduce.
Partially separate system
In the partially separate system, most of the rainwater is carried by the surface
water drain into the surface water sewer.
In order to save cost however, an isolated rainwater inlet is connected to the foul
water drain.
Drainage System
1. Rain water and our waste water
2. Convey to small drain
3. Continue to big drain
4. Junction of big drain
5. Continuously to water treatment plant
SOLID WASTE OR REFUSE DISPOSAL
Solid Waste = unwanted solid material that need to be disposed hygienically without affect to
the environment.
Solid waste
Domestic
o E.g: Food, Bottles, Cans, Rags and Carpets, Furniture
Commercial
o E.g: Domestic, Papers & Stationery
Industrial
o E.g: Toxic, Offensive, Dangerous
Collection System
Refuse Bin
Refuse Chutes
Garchey System
Sink Grinders
Technocuum System
Centralsuy system
Refuse Bin
• This is for non-high rise flats. Refuse gathered into disposable plastic bags & placed
inside bins to be collected.
EDITED BY
AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188
UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013
Refuse Chutes
• i) Refuse chute + refuse container-
• ii) Refuse chute + incinerator – lorries
• Refuse chute is a hollow shaft, built-in the high rise flat of circular, square or
rectangular shaped.
• At the top is ventilation vent, every floor is inlet hopper & at the bottom is refuse
container for type i) & incinerator for type ii)
• The number and sitting or refuse chutes depend upon
1. The layout of building
2. The type of storage and collection
3. Volume of refuse
4. Access for refuse vehicle
• The chute should be sited away from the habitable rooms and not more than 30 m,
measured horizontally, from each dwelling
• It is cheaper to provide space for additional storage beneath the chutes
• The internal surface of the chute must be smooth and impervious to moisture. It
should be constructed of refactory material that will provide at least one hour fire
resistance.
• The refuse chamber should also be of refactory material that will provide at least one
hour fire resistance
EDITED BY
AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188
UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013
Garchey system (the Mathew-hall garchey system)
• Consist of special sink unit + stack pipe (waste pipe) + collection chamber + vacuum
lorries + sewer
• In this sytem of refuse disposal foodwaste, bottles, cans and cartons are disposed of
at the source without the need to grind or crush the refuse
• A bowl beneath the sink retains the normal waste water.
• Refuse is placed inside a central tube in the sink and when the tube is raised the waste
water and the refuse are carried away down a stack pipe to a chamber at the base of
the building
• The refuse from the chamber is collected at weekly intervals by a special tanker in
which the refuse is compacted into a damp, semi-solid mass that easy to tip.
• One tanker can collect the refuse from up to 200 dwellings in one load
• The waste water from the tanker is forced into the foul water sewer
Sink Grinders
• Refuse insert to sink outlet, run water, close plug,’on’ electrical switch, built in
electrical motor runs cutting/grinding refuse. Refuse become smaller debris.
• Refuse flow with water into sewer.
• Suitable only for small biodegradable waste.
EDITED BY
AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188
UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013
LOSS TRAP WATER SEAL
1. Self siphonage
Self siphonage is caused by a moving plug of water in the waste pipe causing
siphonage of the trap
2. Induced siphonage
Induced siphonage is caused by the discharge from one trap causing siphonage of
another trap connected to the same waste pipe
3. Back pressure or compression
Back pressure or compression is cause when the water flowing down a stack
changes direction at the bend which compresses the air in the pipe and forces out
the trap water seal
4. Capillary attraction
A piece of rag or string caught on the outlet of the trap will cause the loss of seal
by capillary attraction
5. Wavering out
Gusts of wind blowing across the top of a stack will cause wavering of the water
and a loss of trap seal
EDITED BY
AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188
UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013
RESEALING AND ANTI-SIPHON TRAPS
1. The McAlpine resealing trap
The McAlpine trap has a reserve chamber into which the water is forced when
siphonage takes place. After siphonage the water in the chamber falls and reseals
the trap.
2. The Grevak resealing trap
The grevak trap contains an anti siphonage pipe through which air flow to break
the siphonic action
3. The Econa resealing trap
The econa trap contains a cynlinder on the outlet into which the water flows when
the trap is siphoned. After siphonage has taken place the water in the cylinder
reseals the trap
4. The anti-siphon trap
The anti-siphon trap has a valve on its outlet which opens and allows air flow into
the outlet of the trap thus preventing sophonage
Unfortunately resealing and anti-siphon traps require more maintenance than ordinary traps
and they are liable to be noisy
DISPOSAL METHOD
• All the waste collected from the collection system either treated or not treated or
partially treated must be disposed.
•
Method available :
1. Sea Dumping-unhygienic and environmental risk
2. Open land dumping- unhygienic and environmental risk
3. Controlled landfill- leached
4. Incinerator -opposed only on the ground that they cause pollution and are not
environment friendly.
5. Recycle Plant-high capital but environmental friendly (long term profit)
6. Wastewater treatment plant (for sink unit &sink grinders) - Plant-high capital but
environmental friendly (long term profit)
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