Download - Development of value added product from Banana Pseudostem.

Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari

NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

Central Institute for

Research on Cotton

Technology, Mumbai

Manmade Textile

Research Association,

Surat

MANTRA

JK Paper, Ltd.,

Songadh

Creating lasting impressions

PAPER

March, 2011

DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS

FROM BANANA PSEUDOSTEM

(An Overview of Progress)

National Agricultural Innovation Project

(Component 2)

STATUS OF BANANA PSEUDOSTEM BEFORE NAIP

NAIP Team

NAU, Navsari

Dr. R. G. Patil (CPI)

Dr. B. N. Kolambe (CoPI)

Shri. S. L. Pawar Dr. J. M. Patel

Dr. D. R. Prajapati Er. N. G. Savani

Shri. Vijay Anand Shri. K. K. Patel

Dr. C. S. Desai Shri. H. B. Vaidya

Shri. P. S. Patel Hardik Shah

CIRCOT, Mumbai MANTRA, Surat

J. K. PAPER Ltd., Songadh

Dr. A. J. Shaikh Dr. S. K. Basu

Dr. R. P. Nachane (CCPI) Shri. M. K. Parikh

Mrs. Manisha Kurhade Dr. S. R. Naik (CCPI)

Shri. Radhamohan (CCPI)

Shri. Sanjay Chechi

Shri. Kamlesh Patel

National Agricultural Innovation Project

(Component 2)

DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS

FROM BANANA PSEUDOSTEM

(An Overview of Progress)

Dr. P. Rethinam, Retd. Chairman,

Coconut Development Board, Kochi

Dr. R. S. Gandhi, Retd. Director,

MANTRA, Surat

Dr. M. M. Mustaffa, Director

National Research Centre for Banana, Trichy

Shri. Arvindbhai K. Naik, Progressive farmer,

Padgha (Navsari)

Shri. Ashwinbhai B. Patel, Chairman,

Banana Cooperative, Kamrej (Surat)

Shri. Deepakbhai S. Patel, Chairman

Fruit & Vegetable Growers Cooperative, Bardoli (Surat)

Shri. Dinesh Zaveri, Industrialist

Palsana (Surat)

Smt. Deepaben T. Patel, Women SHG,

Athwa road, Surat

Dr. R. K. Goyal, National Coordinator (Compt. 2)

NAIP, New Delhi

Dr. A. R. Pathak, Hon. Vice Chancellor


Dr. R. G. Patil (CPI)/ Dr. B. N. Kolambe (CoPI)


Chairman

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

Secretary

Consortium Advisory Committee

PREFACE

Place : Navsari (A. R. Pathak)

March, 2011 Vice Chancellor

The Vice Chancellor

Navsari Agricultural University,

Navsari - 396450 (Gujarat)

Banana is one of the important fruit crops grown almost in every

state of India (7.1 lakh ha). Apart from fruit, it generates huge quantity of

biomass as waste in the form of pseudostem, leaves, suckers etc., of these,

on an average about 60 to 80 t/ha is pseudostem alone. Presently, the

banana pseudostem is absolute waste in most of the states of India. In

order to develop value added products exclusively from banana

pseudostem on large scale, a project entitled, “A Value Chain on Utilization

of Banana Pseudostem for Fibre and Other Value Added Products” was

sanctioned during June 2008 under World Bank funded - NAIP

(Component II), ICAR, New Delhi in consortium mode with Navsari

Agricultural University , Navsari (Gujarat) as lead centre and Central

Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (ICAR), Mumbai

(Maharashtra), Manmade Textile Research Association, Surat (Gujarat) and

J. K. Paper Mills Ltd., Songadh (Gujarat) as partners.

The value added products viz., fibre, yarn, fabrics, MCC,

vermicompost, liquid fertilizer, quality papers, candy and pickles

developed/ prepared using banana pseudostem under this project is

culmination of the dedicated team efforts put in by the scientists of the

consortium. I am happy to note that good beginning has been made in

developing variety of value added products using pseudostem and hope

that the information generated will be of immense help to the farmers,

entrepreneurs, planners, scientists etc. It gives me an immense pleasure in

commending the efforts put in by the team of scientists actively involved

in this consortium for developing products from banana pseudostem and

bringing out this publication on the occasion of Workshop-cum-Training

Programme on “Potential Value Added Products from Banana

Pseudostem”.

Navsari Agricultural University

INDEX

Title

INTRODUCTION

PSEUDOSTEM PROCESSING

FIBRE BASED PRODUCTS

SCUTHER BASED PRODUCTS

SAP

CENTRAL CORE

TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY

2.1 Fibre extraction

Economics of fibre extraction

3.1 Fabric

3.2 Quality grade papers

3.3 Handmade paper and board

3.4 Handicrafts

3.5 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)

4.1 Vermicompost

4.1.1 As organic

4.1.2 As a fish feed

4.2 Particle board

5.1 Enriched sap

5.1.1 As liquid fertilizer

5.1.2 Nutrient spray solution

5.2 As mordant

6.1 Candy

6.2 Ready to serve drink

6.3 Pickle

7.1 Documentation and dissemination

7.2 Field demonstration

7.3 Trainings and visits

2.2

No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Page No.

1

2

3

5

7

7

9

10

11

12

12

12

13

14

15

15

16

16

17

18

19

19

19

20

21

21

22

23

1. INTRODUCTION

In India, about 7.1 lakh ha area is under banana crop with the total

fruit production of 26.2 million MT contributing 14.7 per cent of global

the technological development in banana cultivation, its productivity is

also showing rising trend (Fig. 1). Apart from fruit, banana crop also

generate huge quantity of biomass in the form of pseudostem, leaves,

suckers etc. At present, this biomass particularly pseudostem is

absolute waste in most of the states of India and Gujarat is not an

exception to this practice. Not only this, but for disposing pseudostem

presently farmers are spending about Rs. 8000 to 10000/ha. Disposal of

pseudostem in a routine ways i.e., dumping on field bunds and burning,

disposing in nalla/natural drains etc. causing environmental problems.

The baseline survey conducted in Gujarat covering 53 banana growers

during 2008-09 revealed that 33 per cent are either composting the

pseudostem or chopping and incorporating it into soil while rest of the

farmers are disposing it either on field bunds or in nallas. Among the

farmers interviewed, no one knew about preparing any value added

Anonymous (2009) Indian Horti. Data Base, NHB, New Delhi.

production, (Anon.,

2009). In India, the

area under banana is

increasing steadily

(Fig. 1) because of

higher return as

compared to other

crops. Similarly, with

Fig. 1 : Area and production trend of banana in India

Area (lakh ha)

Production (million tonnes)

Are

a8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

7.8

14.213.3

13.916.7

18.9

21.0

23.8

26.2

1991-92 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Year

3.84.7 4.8 5.0

5.9 5.7 6.06.6

7.1

Pro

du

ction

1

products from it. Further, at national level work related to developing

value added products from banana pseudostem is mostly restricted to

fibre extraction and products like handicrafts, hand woven fabrics, paper

products etc, are prepared on a small scale. With the sizable area under

banana (0.61 lakh ha) along with excellent network of banana

cooperatives in Gujarat, it was thought to develop variety of value added

products from banana pseudostem. In this context, a World Bank funded

project entitled, “A Value Chain on Utilization of Banana Pseudostem for

Fibre and Other Value Added Products” was sanctioned by NAIP (ICAR)

under Component 2 in consortium mode with Navsari Agricultural

University, Navsari as lead centre and Central Institute of Research on

Cotton Technology (CIRCOT, Mumbai), Manmade Textile Research

Association (MANTRA, Surat) and JK Paper Ltd. (Songadh) as consortium

partners with the following objectives.

- Standardize processes for extracting textile grade fibres

from pseudostem and prepare home furnishings

- Standardize processes of pulp and paper making from

pseudostem, fibres and scutching waste both at hand made

and industrial levels

- Develop value added edible products from central core

- Preparation and evaluation of enriched sap and scutching

waste based vermicompost

- Develop linkage for marketing of pseudostem based

products

After harvesting of fruits and leaves, pseudostem is cut near to

the ground level. On an average, the yield of pseudostem ranges from 60

to 80 t/ha. Presently, fibre extraction from pseudostem is being done

mostly by hand extraction in villages of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka,

2. PSEUDOSTEM PROCESSING

2

Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The major

drawback of this method is extremely poor

fibre output (0.5 kg/day/man). In order to

mechanize the f ibre extraction from

pseudostem, research was carried mainly at

CIRCOT, Mumbai (MS). They developed

raspador machine which is used for extracting

fibres from banana pseudostem easily and

quickly. Before extracting fibre using raspador,

one has to separate the sheaths from

pseudostem by splitting it. The splitting of

pseudostem is generally done by knife or

koyta which is time consuming. For resolving

this problem, NAU, Navsari has developed

pseudostem cutter machine which facilitate

speedy splitting of pseudostem in to 2 or 4

halves. From these halves, sheaths are

separated easily. In general, splitting of

pseudostem manually requires 2.65 minutes/100 kg as against 0.82

minutes /100 kg using pseudostem cutter machine. Such one cutter

machine is sufficient for providing sheaths required for four raspador

machines.

Mechanization of fibre extraction process to suite under farmers'

field conditions was one of the main tasks envisaged in this project.

Initially 2 raspador units of different capacities (3 HP and 5 HP) were

procured and tested at NAU farm. After gaining necessary experience

and difficulties encountered in fibre extraction, following refinement

and modifications were incorporated by NAU, Navsari in collaboration

with CIRCOT, Mumbai during 2008-09.

2.1 Fibre extraction

3

Raspador Machine

Pseudostem Cutter Machine

Additional pulley attachment for operating raspador on power

tiller or engine even in absence of power supply.

Bigger size wheel attachments for easy mobility of raspador

under field conditions

Modification of raspador for avoiding pulls back action during

fibre extraction

In all, 24 raspador and 10 cutter machines were procured and

operationalized at NAU and farmers' fields. The details regarding the

raspador machines operationalized and quantity of fibres extracted are

given in table 1.

Ø

Ø

Ø

Table 1 : Details regarding raspador machines and fibres extracted

Raspador Machine Operated by Engine

Raspador Machine Operated by Power Tiller

Modified Raspador Machine

No. of Machines

Operationalized

3

21

24

Quantity of Fibre

Extracted (kg)

1300

19000

20300

Remarks

1 m/c is installed at NAU sub-centre Fruit Research Station, Gandevi for its R & D work related to fibre extraction from different varieties.

The m/c are shifted from village to village as per farmers demand

Fibre Extraction

NAU, Navsari

Farmers (Through Banana Co-operatives)

Total

4

2.2 Economics of fibre extraction

Based on the work done for first two years, the cost of fibre

extraction from pseudostem was worked out (Table 2). Considering the

fibre yield and its selling price, farmers can realize an additional net

income of Rs. 23178/ha. Apart from monetary benefits, fibre extraction

technology also generates employment in rural areas.

Fibre Extraction Unit at NAU, Navsari

Fibre Extraction on Farmers' Fields

Kikwad village, Surat district Rajpipla, Narmada district

5

Table 2 : Economics of fibre extraction

Unit

Rs/ha

Rs/ha

Rs/ha

Rs/ha

kg/ha

Rs/kg

Rs/ha

Rs/ha

Value (Rs.)

18255

7170

1292

26717

587

85

49895

23178

SN

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Particulars

Variable cost

- Labour cost (@ 100 Rs/day/labour)

- Energy charges (@ 7 Rs/unit)

Fixed cost

- Raspador machine

(Cost Rs. 100000 with 15 year

lifespan + maintenance and

repairing @ 2 % + upset value

10 % + interest @ 12%)

Total cost

Fibre yield (dry)

Selling price

Gross income

Net income (6-3)

During the process of fibre extraction, four components are

obtained simultaneously. These components are fibre (about 600 kg/ha),

scutcher (30 to 35 t/ha), sap (15000 to 20000 l/ha) and central core (10 to

12 t/ha). In the present project, using each component variety of value

added products have been developed (Flow chart 1).

Flow Chart 1 : Banana pseudostem components

FIBRE

- Fabrics

- Quality papers

- MCC

- Handicrafts

SCUTCHER

- Vermicompost

- Handmade

papers and

board

SAP

- Liquid fertilizer

and nutrient

spray

- Mordant

CENTRAL CORE

- Candy

- Pickles

- RTS

6

3. FIBRE BASED PRODUCTS

3.1 Fabric

Table 3 : Fibre based products developed by the partners

Table 4 : Tensile properties of banana yarn

Through NAIP intervention, about 20.3 t fibre has been extracted

so far. These fibres are used for developing different value added

products.

One of the major objectives of the project is to standardize the

process for extracting textile grade fibre from banana pseudostem and

develop different types of fabrics from it. Accordingly, an attempt was

made by CIRCOT, Mumbai and MANTRA, Surat to prepare different

fabrics and test their quality. As such banana fibres being coarse, it is not

possible to spin these fibres on conventional spinning system. As the

properties of banana fibres resemble to some extent with jute fibre, it

was tried to spin the banana fibre on jute spinning system at Kolkata

(WB). Through collaborative efforts of CIRCOT, Mumbai and NAU,

Navsari, so far 2.76 t banana fibre yarn has been prepared. The yarn

samples were tested for quality parameters and based on the quality of

yarn, different fabrics were prepared by MANTRA, Surat and CIRCOT,

Mumbai. The details regarding products prepared by both the partners

are given in table 3.

The quality parameters of yarn given in table 4 indicate that it is

thick with poor linearity and protruded fibres.

SN

1

2

Products

Fabrics, synthetic based/ laminated fabrics,

apparels prepared from fabrics

Yarn, fabrics, non woven fabric, microcrystalline

cellulose (MCC)

Partner

MANTRA, Surat

CIRCOT, Mumbai

Breaking

load (kg)

7.23

Breaking

extension (%)

3.84

Tex

6.70

Tenacity

(g/tex)

10.8

Count

0.9

TPI

3.3

U (%)

23.5

7

Because of these problems, it cannot be used directly for

preparing fabrics. Hence, numbers of processes were followed by

MANTRA, Surat for minimizing protruded fibres and making the fabrics

smooth as well as soft. After this, an union fabric was prepared by using

cotton yarn in wrap and banana fibre yarn as weft. They also prepared

synthetic leather which can be used as sofa cover, car cover, school bags

etc. At CIRCOT, Mumbai woven and non woven fabrics were prepared by

using 100 per cent banana fibre. The fabrics prepared were also dyed and

tested for quality parameters.

In addition to these efforts, for improving pliability of banana

fibre, 10 per cent jute fibre were mixed and yarn was prepared. It is

planned to develop different products using this yarn (90:10 banana:

jute).

Simultaneously, for resolving the problems faced in yarn

preparation from banana fibre, necessary modifications in yarn machine

Fabric Apparels

Laminated fabricSynthetic laminated

fabricNon woven

fabric

Yarn spinning m/c

were done by CIRCOT, Mumbai. One such

modified yarn machine with 8 spindles has been

installed at CIRCOT, Mumbai, where R & D trial

are in progress. Similarly, one more modified

version of yarn machine with 16 spindle has been

installed at NAU, Navsari. It is anticipated that by

using these machines, better quality yarn can be

obtained. Subsequently, high value fabrics will be

developed.

8

3.2 Quality grade papers

The trials for optimization of bleaching and pulping conditions

for preparing quality paper using banana fibre have been conducted by

JK Paper Ltd., Songadh. The sheets of various grades (bleached and

unbleached) have been prepared and their quality was tested by JK

Paper, Songadh and CIRCOT, Mumbai. Paper prepared from fibre was

found to have better quality than that from paper prepared from whole

pseudostem. Process for developing quality grade papers viz., anti-

grease and cheque has been standardized. The banana fibre can be an

alternative raw material for paper industries. This is amply evident from

the quality parameter data reported in table 5.

Table 5 : Comparison of bleached pulp of banana pseudostem fibre with

other commonly used raw materials in paper industry

Particulars

Bulk

Tear factor

Brust factor

Breaking

length

Double fold

Unit

Cc/gm

-

-

M

No.

Bamboo

1.33

66

35

5100

30

Prosopis

-

51

36

5146

20

Banana Fibre

1.22

86

79

4931

1389

Eucalyptus

1.45

60

30

4900

12

Anti grease paper Cheque paper

9

3.3 Handmade paper and board

Apart from quality paper at industrial scale, one handmade paper

and board unit has been commissioned at NAU, Navsari (cap.: 100

kg/day).

In this unit, variety of paper and board have been prepared using

banana fibre, scutcher, cotton rags, waste paper and paddy straw in

varying proportion. The quality of these papers have been tested at

CIRCOT, Mumbai and reported in table 6. So far about 1000 kg paper

have been prepared. Using these paper and board, different articles like

file cover, writing pad, art paper, printing paper, folder etc., have been

prepared.

Stationary items prepared using banana fibre cotton rags, waste papers +

and paddy straw

Operation of handmade paper & board unit

10

Table 6 : Physical quality parameters of handmade paper

G.S.M. 2(g/m )

145

309

513

146

335

335

Breaking

length

(m)

4140

3117

2321

2604

2334

1786

Burst

factor 2(kg/cm )

31.72

38.83

25.34

36.99

19.10

20.90

Raw materials used (kg)

Banana fibre - Yellow dye (100%)

Banana fibre - white thick (100%)

Banana fibre (50%) + white

cotton rag (50%) - Thick

Banana fibre (50%) + white

cotton rag (50%) dyed - Thin

Banana fibre (10%) + coloured

cotton rag (30%) + paddy straw

(30%) + waste paper (30%)

Banana fibre (50%) + cotton rag

coloured (50%)

Double

fold

(nos.)

5000

3000

1300

300

115

320

3.4 Handicrafts

Apart from this, various handicrafts items have been prepared

using banana fibres by Manav Kalyan Trust, Navsari. Handicrafts items

include various types of decorative wall hangings, bags, dolls, key chains

etc. As a part of technology transfer, one training with respect to this have

been imparted to women SHG, Chaswad.

Handicraft items prepared from banana fibre

Banana fibre articlesPainting made on

banana fibre paper

11

3.5 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)

At CIRCOT, Mumbai process for extracting MCC from banana

fibre has been standardised. The quality of MCC extracted from banana

fibre is comparable with commercially available MCC. This

suggests that MCC extracted from banana fibre can be

used in pharmaceutical industries. So the banana fibre can

be a viable alternative raw material for MCC (Table 7). The

techno-economic feasibility of using MCC extracted from

banana fibre in pharmaceutical industry is in progress.

a - cellulose

59

b - cellulose

37

y - cellulose

4

Ash

1.1

Table 7 : Chemical constituents (%) of cellulose powder extracted from banana pseudostem fibre

4. SCUTCHER BASED PRODUCTS

4.1 Vermicompost

Huge quantity of scutcher (about 30 to 35 t/ha) is generated

during fibre extraction. In order to utilize this scutcher in proper way,

process for preparing following value added products has been

standardized.

At NAU, process has been standardized for vermicompost

preparation using pseudostem scutcher and dungs. Vermicompost with

scutching waste: cow dung ratio of 70:30 was found to be an ideal in

terms of nutrient content. One acre unit has been established at NAU

farm and about 100 tonnes of vermicompost has been harvested so far.

The vermicompost prepared had been tested for its quality and is being

marketed in the NAU trade name NAUROJI. In order to know its viability

vis-a-vis FYM or biocompost (press mud based), cost of production of

vermicompost was computed (Table 8).

12

Table 8 : Economics of vermicompost (12000 kg/ha)

Particulars

Variable cost

Scutcher, 30 t/ha (@ Rs. 0.25/kg labour

charges)

Dung, 12 t/ha (@ Rs. 0.75/kg)

Earthworm

Labour cost (bed preparation, watering,

harvesting, processing)

Bagging

Fixed cost

Net house (@ Rs.300/sqm)

Maintenance and repairing (@ 1.0%)

Total cost for vermicompost

Vermicompost yield

Selling price

Gross income

Net income (6-3)

Unit

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

kg

Rs/kg

Rs

Rs

Value (Rs.)

7500

9000

700

9000

1200

4400

400

32200

12000

5

60000

27800

SN

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

4.1.1 As organics : Experiments as well as demonstrations are being

conducted at NAU farm and farmers' fields, respectively on various crops

like sugarcane, banana, papaya, ginger etc. using scutcher based

vermicompost. Based on the 2 years

(2009-10 and 2010-11) pooled results,

pseudostem based vermicompost

was found comparable with FYM and

biocompost in banana as well as

s u g a r c a n e . A p p l i c a t i o n o f

vermicompost @ 3 kg /plant in

banana and 5 t/ha in sugarcane in addition to RDF recorded comparable

yields of both the crops with FYM and biocompost (Figs. 2 & 3). Use of

vermicompost also sustains soil health.

13

4.1.2 As a fish feed : An innovative experiment is being conducted to

explore the feasibility of blending vermicompost with fish feed. The

results of first year have revealed that the routine fish feed (cattle feed)

can be substituted by vermicompost up to 30 per cent without any

reduction in body weight of fish (Fig. 4).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

T1-FYM @ 5 kg/plant + RDF

T2-BC @ 3 kg/plant + RDF

T3-VC @ 1.5 kg/ plant +

RDF


RDF


RDF

T6-Only RDF

(No organics)

66.8 65.3 61.970.6 66.7

57.9

Treatments

Fig. 2 : Effect of organics on yield of banana (t/ha) - Pooled (2 years)

CD (0.05) = 8.15

FYM= Farm Yard Manure BC = Biocompost VC = Vermicompost

Yie

ld (

t/h

a)

0

50

100

150

200

T1 - FYM @ 20t/ha + RDF

176 181163

CD (0.05) = NS

Treatments

FYM= Farm Yard Manure BC = Biocompost VC = Vermicompost

Yie

ld (

t/h

a)

Fig. 3 : Effect of organics on yield of sugarcane (t/ha) - Pooled (2 years)

174 163 175

T6 - Only RDF(No organics)

T5 - VC @ 15t/ha + RDF



T2 - BC @ 15t/ha + RDF

14

0

20

40

60

80

100

Treatments

T1 - 10 %Vermicompost+ 90 % Cattle

feed

Fig. 4 : Effect of replacement of scutching waste based vermicompost on fish weight (at 120 days)

49.20 49.9066.76

46.24

90.25


feed


feed

T4 - 100 %Cattle feed(Control)

T5 - 50 % G'nutcake + 50 %

Rice bran(Recommeded)

We

igh

t (g

)

For efficient utilization of fish feed, presently pelleting of

vermicompost is being done using local machine. A demonstration has

also been laid on farmer's field to validate the results on large scale.

Pelleting of vermicompost

Fish feed experiment at NAU

Demonstration on farmers' field

4.2 Particle board

5. SAP

Particle board prepared using scutching waste by CIRCOT,

Mumbai.

Earlier reviews have indicated that sap has found to contain fair

amount of nutrient in it. With respect to this, NAU has been conducting

experiments to test sap as liquid fertilizer and nutrient spray. About

15,000 to 20,000 litres of sap can be extracted from one hectare of

pseudostem. NAU and CIRCOT have been developing technologies for

using this sap in a profitable way.

15

5.1 Enriched sap

The process for enrichment of

sap is being standardized. Sap of

about 2500 litres have been prepared

and distributed among the farmers

for demonstration. The composition

of the enriched sap is given here.

Apart from essential plant nutrient, it

also contains growth promoting

substances viz., GA and cytokinin.

Total N

4.2

119

P

35.1

50.4

K

1223

1289

Sap type

Fresh Sap

Enriched sap

Composition (ppm)

5.1.1 As liquid fertilizer : Sap extracted from pseudostem was

evaluated as liquid fertilizer through filed experiments for two years in

crops like banana, papaya, sugarcane etc. The pooled results indicated

that with the application of sap saving of about 20 to 40 per cent RDF

could be achieved without affecting the yields of banana and sugarcane.

The rate of application of sap is 3 l/plant and 5000 l/ha to banana and

sugarcane, respectively (Figs. 5 & 6).

Fig. 5 : Effect of sap and fertilizer levels on yield of banana (Pooled - 2 years)

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yie

ld (

t/h

a)

60

.4

60

.8 58

.3

59

.9

70.4 67

.5

68

.1 62

.1

67.5

F1 (60 % OFRDF)

F2 (80 % OFRDF)

F3 (100 % OFRDF)

S2 (3 L/PLANT)

S3 (4 L/PLANT)

S1 (2 L/PLANT)

RDF = 180: 90: 180 g NPK/ plant

CD (0.05) = 6.54

16

5.1.2 Nutrient spray solution : Trials

have been conducted using sap as a

nutrient spray in vegetable nurseries

(brinjal and chillies) under green house

condition. The results indicated that

spraying of either enriched sap +

vermibed wash (1:1) on vegetable

seedling resulted in achieving early

transplantable stage by 8 to 10 days as compared to no spray (Fig. 7).

Yie

ld (

t/h

a)

Fig. 6 : Effect of sap and fertilizer levels on yield of sugarcane (Pooled - 2 years)

F1 (60 % OFRDF)

F2 (80 % OFRDF)

F3 (100 % OFRDF)

S1 (5000 L/ha)

S2 (10000 L/ha)

S3 (15000 L/ha)

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

RDF = 250: 125: 125 kg NPK / ha

CD (0.05) = NS

17

5

172

18

4

170

170

17

1

18

2

18

8 18

3

45.040.035.030.025.020.015.010.0

5.00.0

Fig. 7 : Effect of sap vermi bedwash on days to transplantable stage of brinjal and chillies seedlings

T1 - Sap (S)

T2 - Vermi bed wash

(V)

T3 - Enriched

sap

T4 - 1:1(S:V)

T7 - Control

T5 - 1:2(S:V)

T6 - 2:1(S:V)

Day

s

Brinjal

Chillies

Treatments

29

.0 39

.0

29

.5 38

.5

24

.5 32

.0

23

.5 30

.5

27.0 3

5.5

27.5 3

6.0

31

.5 41

.5

17

Treatments

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

% f

ruit

set

tin

g

5.5

5*

T1 - Sapalone

T2 - Vermibed

washalone

T3 - Enrichedsap alone

T4 - Sap :Vermibedwash (1:1)



T7 - Control

(No spray)

Fig. 8 : Effect of sap spray on mango fruit setting

C.D. (0.05) = 0.99*Absolute values

6.5

9

5.8

2

5.5

2

5.5

1

6.1

1

4.6

2

Another experiment is in progress for studying the effect of

banana sap spray on mango fruit

setting. First year (2009-10) data

indicated that spraying of sap +

vermibed wash (1:1) recorded higher

fruit setting in mango (6.59%) as

compared to control (4.62%) (Fig 8). The

second year (2010-11) experiment is in

progress.

18

5.2 As mordant

At CIRCOT, Mumbai trials were conducted for using sap as

mordant in textile dying. Laboratory scale trial has been completed to

test sap as mordant with natural dyes like manjistha and annatto. The

test results have indicated good fastening properties of these dyes when

used with sap. This is one of the innovations attempted in the project.

The process for using sap as mordant has been standardized at CIRCOT,

Mumbai.

Dyed fabric with sap Dyed fabric without sap

6. CENTRAL CORE

6.1 Candy

Central core is inner most tender portion of the pseudostem

which is edible. About 10 to 12 t/ha central core can be obtained. NAU

has standardized processes for developing edible products viz., candy,

RTS and pickles. Further, it is planned to train the farmers and women

SHGs for preparing these products on a large scale.

The process for developing candy has been standardized and

pilot scale production is in progress at NAU. The product developed has

been tested for its nutritional parameters at CFTRI, Mysore. Until 2010, 48

kg candy of different quality and flavor has been prepared and

distributed. This candy has an additional advantage as it contains Fe and

vitamin (B & B ) in appreciable amount (Table 9).3 5

Chocolate coated candy Milk coated candy

6.2 Ready to served drink

The soft drinks are being prepared

from sugar syrup left out during candy

preparation as well as directly from central core

sap. The drinks prepared are fortified with

flavours which have been standardized and

certification of RTS in referral lab is in progress.

In all, 520 glass (150 ml) i.e., total 78 litres RTS

have been sold during Krishi Mela, 2010

organized at NAU, Navsari by GoG.

19

Parameters

Moisture

Total ash

Protein

Fat

Crude fibre

Carbohydrates

Calorific value

Total sugars

Dietary fibre

- Insoluble fibre

- Soluble fibre

- Total fibre

K

Na

Ca

Mg

Fe

Vitamin (Niacin B ) 3

Vitamin (Pantothenic acid B ) 5

Unit

%

%

%

%

%

mg/100 g

K.cals/100 g

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

mg/kg

(mg/100g)

(mg/100g)

Content

2.3

0.6

4.1

0.45

0.9

46.8

390

85.4

2.77

1.18

3.95

0.20

0.42

1.37

2.22

643

34.1

86.4

Table 9 : Quality parameters of candy prepared from central core

6.3 Pickles

Pickle preparation by blending of

central core with fruits and vegetables are

being standardized. Shelf life study has

been completed and quality testing is

under progress.

20

7. TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY

7.1 Documentation and dissemination

Efforts were made to disseminate the information about the

various products developed during the project period through

presentations in conferences, seminars and workshops. Apart from this,

articles were published in local as well as national newspapers,

magazines, posters, booklets etc. The list of publications brought out and

dissemination materials developed is given in table 10.

Received best oral presentation award

“Value added products developed from

banana pseudostem” during Global

conference on Banana held at

Thiruchirapalli.

No(s).

5 (CIRCOT), 7 (NAU)

11

3

14

7

15

2

www.nau.in

Particulars

Presentation in seminar, workshop and

conferences

News paper

Souvenir, farmers' magazine etc.

Posters, translide boxes, flex posters, scroller

screen display

Folders, booklet, reports etc.

Different internet websites (through PTI)

Video documentation

Website

Table 10 : List of publications and dissemination material

21

7.2 Field demonstration (scutching waste based vermicompost

and sap)

During 2010-11, field demonstrations were laid on farmers'

fields using scutching waste based vermicompost. In all 20

demonstrations were laid in crops like banana, sugarcane, papaya and

ginger in major banana growing areas of South Gujarat.

22

Documentation and publications

7.3 Training and visits

Ø

Ø

Ø

Ø

Ø

Ø

Ø

For dissemination of technologies among the farmers on a mass scale, following efforts have been made

Participating in Krishi Melas, 2009 & 2010 wherein NAIP activities were displayed in the stalls.

Organizing training related to fibre extraction and vermicompost preparation (6 nos.-387 farmers)

Separate training to women SHGs on handicraft preparation from banana fibre (1 no.- 17 women)

Attending various farmers meet organized by Banana cooperatives of South Gujarat (3 nos.)

Visiting farmers' fields and cooperatives (78 nos.)

Organized demonstrations on farmers' fields related to use of scutching waste based vermicompost and sap in different crops. (20 nos.)

Visit of farmers, ministers, dignitaries and scientists from ICAR and SAU, private entrepreneurs etc., to NAIP sites at NAU, Navsari (1469 nos.).

Meeting at Farmers Cooperative, Gadat

Global conference on banana at Trichy

Training at Muthianagar, Jalgaon (MS)

NAIP activity display during

Krishi Mela, 2010

Farmers' visit to NAIP site

from Jalgaon (MS)

Shri. Dilip Sanghani (Agri. Minister, GoG) and

Dr. S. A. Patil visiting NAIP site

23

Linkages explored for

marketing of the products

MANTRA, Surat has

strong linkages with

Surat Textile industries.

Welspun Industry, Vapi

Textile Research and

Application Development

Centre (Grasim, Birla),

Bharuch

JK Paper Mill itself has

well established

marketing network

Accent Microcell Ind. Ltd.,

Ahmedabad

Stationary products

developed is marketed

within the University

Farmers/ banana cooperatives

Textile Industries



Pseudostem

component

Fibre

Sap

Scutcher

Central core

Potential

products

Fabrics

and their

products

Quality

papers

Microcryst

alline

cellulose

Handmade

paper

Liquid

fertilizer

and

nutrient

spray

Mordant

Vermi

compost

Edible

products

(candy,

pickles,

RTS)

Lead

centre /

partners

MANTRA,

Surat

JK Paper

Mills,

Songadh

CIRCOT,

Mumbai

NAU,

Navsari

NAU,

Navsari

CIRCOT,

Mumbai

NAU,

Navsari

NAU,

Navsari

Stake

holders

Textile

industries

Paper

industries

Pharma

ceutical

industries

Handmade

paper units

/Stationary

traders

Farmers

Textile

(Dyeing)

Farmers /

Fish

farmers

Food

processing

industry

Potential products developed from banana pseudostem and their possible stakeholders

24

Ban

an

a P

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do

stem

Fib

re e

xtr

act

ion

usi

ng

rasp

ad

or

m/c

Pse

ud

ost

em

sp

litt

ing

Scu

tch

er

Liq

uid

fert

iliz

er

Cen

tral

core

Ap

pare

lFa

bri

cB

an

an

a f

ibre

yarn

Han

dic

raft

s

Fis

h f

eed

MC

C

Pap

ers

Sap

Verm

ico

mp

ost

Can

dy

Pic

kle

sR

TS

Ban

an

a f

ibre

VA

LU

E A

DD

ED

PR

OD

UC

TS

DEV

ELO

PED

FR

OM

BA

NA

NA

PS

EU

DO

ST

EM

- N

AIP

IN

TER

VEN

TIO

NS

Research Scientist

Soil and Water Management

Research Unit,

Navsari Agricultural University,

Navsari - 396 450 (Gujarat)

Phone : (02637) 292103

Email : [email protected]

Director

R & D MANTRA,

Near Textile Market,

Telephone exchange, Ring Road,

Surat - 395 002 (Gujarat)

Phone : (0261) 2323211


Principal Scientist and Head (TTD)

Central Institute for Research on

Cotton Technology (CIRCOT),

Adenwala road, Matunga,

Mumbai - 400 019

Phone : (022) 24127273


General Manager

(PR, Plantation & Admn.),

JK. Paper Ltd., Unit- Central Pulp Mills,

PO : Central Pulp Mills,

Songadh - 394 660, Dist. Tapi (Gujarat)

For further details, please contact :-

BANANA PSEUDOSTEM PROCESSING UNIT - NAU, NAVSARI