Design Guidelines
for Jetted Fiber-OpticSystems
Keith I Smith, RCDD
Senior Sales Engineer - U.S./Canada
Rev – 4/26/17
• Definitions: Topologies, deployment options, etc
• Why Jetted?: Conventional vs Jetted deployment
• Design: 12 Steps - Top-down design strategies
• Options: Implementing the design in the field
• Summary: What did we learn?
Agenda
Disclaimer
New Technologies versus
Older Codes & Standards
We recognize that new technologies such as Jetted Fiber-Optic network systems will challenge the boundaries of older, still existing standards. Today’s
guidelines were primarily based upon limitations of copper.
Jetted fiber & pathways have the ability to go FAR beyond …
• Conduit fill-ratio density limitations
• More than 4 x 90° bends between vaults
• Go much farther between pull-points & vaults
It is your choice as an RCDD/Designer to either observe the older guidelines or
to go far beyond … in the effort to improve project design efficiency, better
ROI and to add many more end-user network features & benefits.
Definitions
Topologies
• STAR: Centrally fed from primary source location
• RING: Every node has 2 ‘neighbors’
• BUS: Common backbone
• TREE: Multiple ‘star’ topologies to a bus
• MESH: Multiple paths to connect all devices to each other
• HYBRID: Combination of 2 or more topologies
Definitions
Topologies
• Topologies: Physical vs Logical
• Physical – designates how the physical layer will be deployed
• Logical – designates how the physical layer will be connected
Note: One can easily deploy a physical
STAR topology, but connect it into
a logical RING topology …
This is important, because we are going to focus
on home-run fiber deployment as a cost-savings
model for a jetted fiber-optic system
Physical STAR /
Logical RING
• Duct banks are created because
the majority of conduits get filled
and are never cored back out.
• High fiber counts due to
uncertainty
• Many fiber strands are never
utilized (incorrect fiber or location)
What is REALLY needed?
6
Conventional Fiber Deployment
Typically multiple
technicians …
staging at every
manhole / vault.
Making sure that
fiber is not
compromised by
pulling with too
much tension
OSP to ISP - Transitional Splicing
OSP conventional
fiber cables must
be spliced to
flame-rated fiber
cables within 50
feet of entering the
building … even if
the strands will be
dark.
Accessing Conventional Fiber
Window cut / Buffer tube extraction
How much time does it take to
do an average window cut?
Onward fiber
is wasted
Window cut / Buffer tube extraction
Most fiber in the cut buffer
tube is never again used …
Accessing Conventional Fiber
Essentially, one must route the
conventional fiber in a daisy-
chain fashion … going from
location to location and then
extracting fiber as needed.
Conventional Fiber Connections
• With conventionalpulled fiber
systems, the fiber
is fed from a
central point,
dropping off
buffer tubes of
fiber to each IDF
or TC room.
• It looks similar to a daisy chain
logic, although
the strands are
not connected
as such.
Typical high-rise building with dual risers.
Jetted Fiber MicroDucts
Single or multiple
MicroDucts are
run from the main
DC to each &
every fiber drop
point …
independent,
dedicated
MicroDucts.
Jetted Fiber MicroDucts
• With jetted fiber systems, individual
MicroDuct pathways
are fed from a central
point, to each IDF or
TC room.
• This is done in the style
of STAR physical
topologies
Typical high-rise building with dual risers.
3 Innerducts vs MicroDucts
Generally
STATIC
DYNAMIC
[ JET In/Out ]
48 pathways
24-way +
2 x 12-ways x
96f/cell = 4,608 fibers
3 pathways
Standard:
3x 288f =
864 fibers
3 x 19-ways
x 96f/cell =
5,472 fibers
57 pathways
14
5 x 12-ways
x 96f/cell =5,760 fibers
60 pathways
Highest capacities for conduits
15
5 x 12-ways x
96f/duct = 5,760 fibers60 pathways
No Fiber Splices
Because the MicroCable fiber is
truly an INDOOR/OUTDOOR cable
(GR-409 / OFNR, ONFP, LSZH) …
There are NO FIBER SPLICES
between environments.
The pathway does all
of the transitions
from OSP
to RISER
to PLENUM
16
Jetted Fiber Home-Run Technology vs Conventional
Window Cut / 12-Strand Buffer Tube Break-out
17
Labor Intensive
• Multiple technicians staged at every
manhole / pulling point
• Splices to flame-rated fiber when
entering a building
• Having to make window cuts
wherever fiber strands are needed
• Wasting those on-going strands from
the window-cut
18
• Buffer tube breakout essentially
discards those fibers that continue
on beyond the breakout
• Home-run fiber deployment allows
for a specific # of strands to be
jetted as needed … no waste
• Jetting fiber into a network of
home-run pathways, allows for
precise fiber-on-demand.
Jetted Fiber Home-Run Technology vs Conventional
Window Cut / 12-Strand Buffer Tube Break-out
19
The 12 Steps of
Designing a (Home-Run) Jetted Fiber-Optic System
Breaking Down the Steps
If this is an existing building/brown-field project …
• Detailed walk-through of building is mandatory
• Determine pathway / fiber distances / routing
• Determine segment materials
needed, based upon deployment
method and/or location
– HDPE or Outdoor UV protected
– RISER or PLENUM
– Aerial, trenched, directional bored
– Armored
First Things First
21
Step 1: Identify All Fiber End-points
1. Identify the ER/TR/MDF and/or all TR/IDF locations– Where does the fiber end & convert over to copper?
– Does it stop at each IDF?
– Or is it going to be horizontal FTTX or GPON?
– Are there edge or end devices that need their own fiber?
22
2. Identifying fiber cable sheath type & strand counts– What type & strand count of fiber is needed to each endpoint / where?
– Flame rating: RISER or PLENUM
– Run str. count: 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96
23
Step 2: Identify All Fiber Types & Counts
3. Selecting MicroDuct counts to support fiber & growth– What pathways are needed to provide/support needed fiber & growth?
– Add up all of the MicroDucts in order to obtain your building total
In this particular
case, the average
minimum # of
MicroDucts would
be 2 per IDF x 9
floors = 18. So use
1 x 19 cell in both
risers.
24
Step 3: Quantify MicroDucts Needed
3. Selecting MicroDuct counts to support fiber & growth– If this is a campus environment, TOTAL up the number of MicroDucts
needed in EACH building
– The total number needed for ALL buildings will determine the overall feeding trunk count of MicroDucts
25
Step 3: Quantify MicroDucts Needed
4. Identifying Hazardous Areas– Are there clean or hazardous areas where precautions must be taken in
order to prevent gas, liquid or particle exchange must be blocked?
Bottom of Enclosure
Bare MicroDucts; Ends SealedWith End-Caps (Not Shown)
Epoxy Sealant Applied Between Inner MicroDucts
Epoxy Sealant Applied Around Outer Ring MicroDucts andOver MicroDuct Cable Jacket
MicroDuct Cable in PreferredVertical Installation
MicroDuct Cable Jacket
Epoxy Sealant Applied Minimum 1/4” – 3/8” Depth Over MicroDuct
Cable Jacket
Epoxy Sealant
(Dries Clear)
26
Step 4: Identifying Hazardous Areas
When transitioning from (OSP) to an (ISP) micro duct, it is important to
use gas block connectors with all micro ducts that have fiber installed
and use end caps on all unused micro ducts. It is also important to
seal the interstices between the micro ducts to prevent any
unwanted water or gases entering the building.
Gas Block Connector
OSP Duct
ENTRANCE
FACILITY
27
Step 4: Identifying Hazardous Areas
5. Selecting the best deployment method for MicroDuct
drops– There are 2 primary ways to distribute the MicroDuct pathways
Trunk Feeder Delivery
MicroDucts
1-4
MicroDucts
5-8
MicroDucts
9-12
MicroDucts
13-16
MicroDucts
17-20
MicroDucts
21-24
Step-Down Delivery
MicroDucts
1-4
MicroDucts
5-8
MicroDucts
9-12
MicroDucts
13-16
MicroDucts
17-20
MicroDucts
21-24
24 way
in between
12 way
in between24 way
in between
12 way
in between
4 way
in between24 way in
28
Step 5: Determine Deployment Method
5. Selecting the best deployment method
for MicroDuct drops
29
Step 5: Determine Deployment Method
6. Slack Planning - LOOPS
– Unlike conventional pulled fiber, leaving slack loops
for the purpose of splicing for growth or after
damage has occurred is NOT beneficial:
– Adding Pathway Loops• Slows down the jetting of fiber
• Does nothing to enhance repairs
– Adding Fiber Service Loops• Defeats the advantages of home-run jetted fiber-on-demand
30
Step 6: Slack Planning [Loops]
6. Slack Planning - REPAIRS
– Repairs to Damaged Fiber
• Damaged fiber is first jetted out
• Damaged section of pathway is quickly replaced
& coupled
• New fiber is jetted back in
• Cost of splicing conventional replacement fiber
creates more labor costs, additional splice
enclosure and longer downtime … far more than
above mentioned procedure
31
Step 6: Slack Planning [Repairs]
6. Slack Planning - MOVEMENT
– Slack footage for expansion/contraction,
MUST be accounted for in all jetted fiber
pathway designs & installations. There are
primary factors that can create issues if slack
is not taken into consideration:
• Movement
– Building sway
– Seismic / earthquake events
32
Step 6: Slack Planning [Movement]
7. Cable Support Details
• Supporting cables in order to reduce sag and minimalizing bend angles will always increase the overall jetting distance
• Take advantage of any & all horizontal pathway supports to eliminate potential sag
• Remove any cable ties that create tight angles
33
Step 7: Cable Support Guidelines
7. Cable Support Details• Horizontal mounting to wall, strut or tray
• Every 3’ to 4’ provide horizontal support
• Suggested every 3’ up to a 12-cell
• Suggested every 4’ for 19 – 24 cell
• Snap a chalk-line or mason’s line for pathway alignment
• Always maintain the minimum bend radius of the FuturePath.• A good rule of thumb is during the installation is
20 times the outside diameter of the product
• Once in place and supported where necessary, 10 times the outside diameter is acceptable
34
Step 7: Cable Support Guidelines
8. Routing Details – Walk-throughs tell it all …• MDF’s & IDF’s - ISP
• Riser & Plenum areas - ISP
• Between buildings - OSP
• Access points (manholes, handholes) - OSP
• Jetted fiber does not have the same limitations as conventional pulled fiber
• Because it is pushed & carried on a layer of air (or nitrogen), there are no limitations like that of conventional fiber cable
• Pathway distances are easily expanded from 1,000 to 1,500 feet, depending upon conduit route
• If pathway & access points are dedicated to fiber, traditional manhole & handhole distances can be expanded (significantly reducing costly vault and cabinet placements)
35
Step 8: Routing Guidelines – Walk-throughs
8. Routing Details – Bends
• The objective is always geared towards keeping ducts as
straight as possible, eliminating or reducing bends wherever
possible
• The QUANTITY of
bends is not as
important as the
QUALITY …
• Bigger sweeps will
always improve
overall jetting
performance
• Avoid “S” shaped
curves/waves in routing pathways
• Always design curves to maximize sweeping bends
36
Step 8: Routing Guidelines - Bends
9. Junctions – Enclosures, diverging, merging MicroDucts
• OSP Enclosures• Vaults / Manholes: Whenever possible, pull
straight through a vault. There is no reason to cut & couple unless it is necessary to split off some of the MicroDucts to feed different locations
• Splice cases: Could be called Coupling Cases because they are utilized for coupling MicroDucts … there is no splicing of fiber, at all
• Hand holes: When necessary, these are utilized as pull points for the pathway
37
Step 9: Pathway Junctions - OSP
9. Junctions – Enclosures, diverging, merging MicroDucts
• ISP (Inside Plant) Enclosures• Protection:The purpose of any enclosure is to
protect a cable or pathway that has the jacket removed. • If the area of coupling is in a fully secured room and
will not be accessible by unauthorized persons, the enclosure can often be replaced by a simple organizer
• If an enclosure is needed, choose the correct NEMA rating and one that is ample sized for the number of MicroDucts to be coupled & organized
38
Step 9: Pathway Junctions - ISP
9. Entry – Vaults and enclosures
Passable
Straight through
is always best …
39
Step 9: Pathway Junctions - Vaults
9. Entry – Hand holes• Pathway entry can be a show stopper
• Entering a hand hole needs to be slightly angled or straight through for best jetting performance.
• If the bend is to severe, the hand hole may become a jetting point, because fiber will ‘see’ too much friction as it tries to move through.
Unacceptable
Correct
40
Step 9: Pathway Junctions – Hand holes
10.Connectivity & Enclosures• Fiber connectors
• Fusion or Mechanical: With the bandwidth & speed requirements constantly increasing, it makes little sense to use mechanical connectors when fusion splice machines are becoming more affordable. Plus the connector yield is maximum while connector loss is almost zero.
• Single or Multiple: Most popular connectivity options are still individual, for flexibility. But MPO’s or MTP’s are becoming increasingly popular for faster installation on fusion splicers.
• Cassettes: Cassette style devices are compact and generally eliminate splice trays, as the splices are contained within the body.
• Fiber enclosures• Rack or Wall mount: Generally chosen based upon location and
available space
41
Step 10: Determining Connectivity
11.Miscellaneous
• Tips• Pathway: Always specify the reel size & segments footage
• Fiber: Keep your counts down to just what you need
• Jetting Unit: Choose the right sized jetting unit
42
Step 11: Miscellaneous – Jetting Units
11.Miscellaneous Parts
• Accessories• Couplers:
• Mostly need straight-through couplers, but transitional couplers are available when MicroDuct size changes.
• Gas-blocking couplers can be used as vertical fiber strain reliefs, condensation blockers as well as for hazardous areas.
• End-caps: Very important to seal unused MicroDucts
• Enclosures & Seals: Needed for protection and/or organization of coupled MicroDucts
43
Step 11: Miscellaneous – Accessories
11.Miscellaneous Parts
• Tools & Consumables• Consumables: Extra lube, testing balls, sponges
• Tools: Cutters, slitters, locking wrenches
44
Step 11: Miscellaneous – Tools
Delrin® Acetal
Balls
12. Documentation & Testing
• Documents
• Details: Routing, Segments, Distances, Counts, Photos
• As-Built: Finalized As-Built for end-user
• Test Info: All tests for pathway & fiber must be presented
45
Step 12: Administration - Documents
12. Documentation & Testing
• Testing
• Continuity: Installer must assure that the correct MicroDuct is in hand for testing
• Pressure: All MicroDucts must be tested at 100 PSI for leaks and tight coupling connections
• BB Test: All MicroDucts must be tested for pinched or compromised MicroDucts
• Fiber: Each fiber run must be fully tested with OTDR
• Info: All tests for pathway & fiber must be presented
46
Step 12: Administration - Testing
Campus Deployment Options
Home-run
deployment
Home-run
deployment
Campus Deployment Options
Diverse
Redundancy
Ring
Segment Identification
• Environment
identification:• OSP
• RISER
• PLENUM
• Aerial
• Hazardous
• UV protection
• Armored
• Routing• Manholes / Vaults
• Handholes
• Pull Points
Jetted Fiber Home Run Summary
• Home Runs: Means that you will have a direct pathway to
every point that will someday need fiber
• Reduced Fiber: Means that you can deploy ONLY the
minimum strands needed for a specific run
• Fast deployment: Means that you can rapidly jet fiber to
any end-point in minutes
• Hot cuts: Means that you can jet in a new run of fiber, hot
cut it and then easily remove the old fiber in minutes
• On Demand:Means that you can re-deploy fiber on demand …
without disrupting the local environment
• Green: Means that you have a green solution …
changeable, removable, splice-free environment with minimal
labor costs
• Changes: Rapid changes in pathway routing … just
uncouple and recouple to diverge into new end-points.
Summary of Project Deployment
• Legacy / Brown Field: Because existing structures were never
planned for jetting fiber optic cables, there are numerous points of
planning required to assure an efficient & compliant deployment.
•Walk-Through: Very important to have a detailed examination of
route by an individual that is knowledgeable of the standards (e.g.:
bends, pathway ratings, conduit sizes, etc.)
•Design & BOM: Only after a walk-through, can an accurate plan be
created. Distances must be known as well
•Pathway: Important that the installing contractor be trained on
bends, tensile strengths and general pathway limitations.
• Testing: Pathway MicroDucts must be 100% tested with both
pressure and BB, before jetting.
•Jetting: Lube is spread through the MicroDuct before jetting.
Then the fiber is deployed … in minutes.
•Fiber: Fiber must be connectorized and tested.
7- CEC’sDesign & Estimatingfor Jetted Fiber Optic
Systems Course
52
Jetted fiber allows you to Install
WHAT you need,
WHEN you need it,
WHERE you need it.
THANK YOU for your attention!
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