Project Guide
Dr. Pravin P Patil
(Dean Research)
Graphic Era University, Dehradun
Design & Analysis of a Helical
cross-flow Hydrokinetic Turbine (CFHT)
Using CFD
Submitted by :
Arpit Dwivedi (2002689)
Himanshu Joshi (2003236)
Anish Anand (2002673)
CONTENTS Introduction
Project motivation
Cross flow Turbine and Power Generation
Literature Survey
Important Parameters
Design Methodology
Design Parameters & Boundary Conditions
Results
Conclusions
Scope of Future Work
References
INTRODUCTION
Need for Untainted , environmentally benign
Energy . (Why Renewables ?)
K.E of water Currents in Rivers, Oceans &
Estuaries
Development of wind turbines & Research in
MHK.
Axial Flow Vs Cross Flow Turbines
Drag Type Vs Lift Types Turbines
Project Motivation
Energy Crisis and its impact
250000 MW hydro potential in India
Still only 14.5 % is utilized (a lot of scope there……………….!)
Research in Wind Turbine analysis has reached a saturation level .
The Industry for Marine Hydrokinetic Turbine is still in its
infancy
Concepts of wind turbine analysis are utilized there,
literature is still to be developed (intensive research going on)
Cross Flow Turbine and Power
Generation
Rotates at twice the velocity of water current flow.
Rotates in the same direction, independent of water flow direction
No fluctuations in Torque
No cavitation even at Higher speeds
Modular in Design
In the report Gorlov prepared for the DOE(dept of energy) in
1998 he claims an efficiency value of “about 35%" for a 3 bladed,
24" diameter by 34" height turbine in free water flow of 5 ft/s .
Literature Survey
A wide variety of Literature regarding Design and Analysis of wind & MHK
Turbines was done.
These were the findings.
The power available is proportional to the velocity cubed.
The flow field is unsteady and 3-dimensional
Drag and lift coefficients are largely dependent on angle of attack.
NACA Symmetrical profiles are selected as forces reverse after 180 degrees
of rotation
The Drag and Lift forces generated due to flow, generate a torque about the
central axis.
Important Parameters
NACA 0018 Symmetrical
profile
With 18 % thickness to chord
length ratio
Blade Profile : Cubic Spline
Pitch = 706 mm
Taper angle = 2
Solidity Ratio ( σ) = nC/пd
Inclination Angle (Φ) = tan‾1(nh/пd)
Figure 2 Top View (Gorlov Turbine)
Design Methodology
Modelling was done in Catia V5 with modifications in Ansys 14.5
Design Parameters & Boundary
Conditions
MESHING
Meshing was chosen as fine and relevance was taken 0.
No of nodes obtained were 1329267, and no of elements
created were 7447633. Cross section of the turbine
Fine meshing across the region of
turbine cross section.
Meshing on Proximity and
Curvature
Aluminium 5086 (marine grade aluminium) was defined with density of
2660 kg/m3. Water was selected as a fluid medium.
After boundary conditions were applied the hydrostatic pressure was
defined according to the depth of the turbine from the free surface and the
inlet velocity was chosen as 1.5m/sec and the pressure was taken as
104255 pascals(Pa) which was kept uniform at inlet and outlet.
RESULTS
Figure : (a) Profile of Dynamic Pressure (b) Contours of
Pressure Coefficient
FIGURE : (a) Profile of Velocity Magnitude (b) Contours of Turbulent
Kinetic Energy
Figure : (a)Profile of Velocity in Y Direction (b) Velocity Vector Colored by
Velocity magnitude
Wall Shear Vector
SCALED RESIDUES
Cl and Cd
This project specifies the parameters on which the static analysis of a cross flow
turbine depends. It specifies the difference between usual wind turbine theories and
their applicability in tidal turbine analysis.
This successful implementation of this project will help in eradicating power
demands.
This project is capable of producing energy both in small and large magnitudes with
very less cost implementation than any other hydro power project which involve
constructions of large dams and then tunnels. Thus this project has a vast scope in a
country like India where number of seasonal and non seasonal river flows.
Conclusions and Future work
The same analysis can be performed for varying solidity ratio, by
changing the no. of blades or the chord length of the profile or
changing the radius of the plate, it’s dependency can be checked and
verified.
We have performed the analysis for tip speed ratio = 0 , behavior
can be studied by varying it.
Torque and power can be calculated by defining specific UDF(user
defined functions)
Dynamic Analysis of the rotating turbine can be done by using
SRF(Single reference model), MRF(Multiple Reference model) and
Sliding Mesh Technique.
FUTURE SCOPE
Due to it’s wide applicability in Hydrokinetic applications, the
analysis can be performed for different areas with different
boundary conditions.
As per literature Survey the Results obtained by CFD studies
are in accordance with the experimental investigations. However
with regard to local Flora and fauna , experimental investigation
can be performed by making a suitable scale model and
calculation of parameters.
REFERENCES[1] Oliver Paish , “Small hydro power: technology and current status” Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6 (2002) 537–556
[2] http://www.gcktechnology.com/GCK/pg2.html
[3] Energy Alternatives India (EAI), http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/hyd/hyd.html
[4] S. Latin and C. Osorio. Simulation and evaluation of a straight-bladed Darrieus-
type cross flow marine turbine. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 69
(12):906–912, 2010.
[5] S. Li and Y. Li. Numerical study on the performance effect of solidity on the
straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine. 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy
Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2010 - Proceedings, pages IEEE Power and
Energy Society (PES); State Grid of China; Siemens Ltd.; Sichuan University;
[6] Experimental and Analytical Study of Helical Cross-Flow Turbines for a Tidal
Micropower Generation System Adam L. Niblick
[7] M.R. Castelli and E. Benini. Effect of Blade Inclination Angle on a Darrieus
Wind Turbine. Journal of Turbomachinery-Transactions of the ASME, 134(3),
2012.
[8] P. Fraenkel. Tidal turbines harness the power of the sea. Reinforced Plastics, 48
(6):44 { 47, 2004.
[9] S. Antheaume, T. Maitre, and J. Achard. Hydraulic darrieus turbines e_ciency
for free uid ow conditions versus power farms conditions. Renewable Energy,
33(10):2186 { 2198, 2008.
[10] J. Zanette, D. Imbault, and A. Tourabi. A design methodology for cross ow
water turbines. Renewable Energy, 35(5):997 { 1009, 2010.
[11] A.S. Bahaj and L.E. Myers. Fundamentals applicable to the utilisation of marine
current turbines for energy production. Renewable Energy, 28(14):2205 { 2211,
2003.
[12] W.M.J. Batten, A.S. Bahaj, A.F. Molland, and J.R. Chaplin. Hydrodynamics
of marine current turbines. Renewable Energy, 31(2):249{256, Feb 2006.
[13] P. Fraenkel. Windmills below the sea: A commercial reality soon? Refocus, 5
(2):46 { 50, 2004.
[14] T. Matre, J.L. Achard, L. Guittet, and C. Ploesteanu. Marine turbine devel-
opment: numerical and experimental investigations. Scientific Bulletine of the
Politehnica University of Timisoara, 50(64):59–66, 2005
[15] T Javaherchi. Numerical modeling of tidal turbines: Methodology development
and potential physical environmental effects. Master’s thesis, University of Wash-
ington, 2010.
[16] X. Sun, J. P. Chick, and I. G. Bryden. Laboratory-scale simulation of energy
extraction from tidal currents. Renewable Energy, 33:1267{1274, 2008.
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