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The Academy of Urbanism | Place Partnering | Derry~Londonderr y |
Place Partnering
Diagnostic Visit
Derry-Londonderry
23-24 April 202
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Contents
1. Background
2. Context
3. Diagnosis
4. Recommendations
5. Apendix 1 & 2
03
06
08
22
26
The Academy of Urbanism is an autonomous, politically
independent, cross-sector organisation formed in 2006 to expand
urban discourse.
The Academy brings together an active and diverse group of
thinkers, decision-makers and practitioners involved in the social,
cultural, economic, political and physical development of ourvillages, towns and cities.
The Academy seeks to identify, learn from and promote best
practice in urbanism.
For more information please visit academyofurbanism.org.uk
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The conversations we had were friendly and helpful. They were also rigorous and challenging.
Panel members, over more than 2 hours intensive engagement with Derry-Londonderry and
Government representatives, gained a reasonable and sufcient understanding of circumstances to
offer this diagnosis of the relationship between the various issues, perspectives and objectives, and
the obstacles to long term success for the community as a whole that should be addressed. The
conduct and productivity of the Panel sessions were widely acknowledged by those involved at the
time, and we trust this report will be similarly received.
In addition to incorporating the comments of local participants in the diagnostic visit, this report
also includes, where relevant, the further exploration of issues in the workshop sessions of the
Academys Annual Congress held in Derry-Londonderry two weeks after the Panel visit, on 9-
May 202. These sessions were informed by the topics the Panel considered the most impor tant
and pressing.
This report has been nalised in the light of further comments received from participants on thedraft report circulated in July 202. The Panel is aware that not all participants agree with all of its
analysis or its suggestions, and that there may be some disappointment or disquiet as a resu lt. We
must emphasise that this is not a consultancy report, and that the intention was not to attempt
to achieve a consensus, or to accommodate all local opinion. We offer the combined assessment
of an independent group of professionals with experience in elds relevant to the future success
of the city of Derry-Londonderry, based on what we heard and saw. It is for local interests to
compare our perspective with their own and others and to decide whether or not to pursue our
recommendations.
It is not for the Panel to support or reject the One Plan, political manifestos or business plans,
but to offer a fresh perspective that might stimulate useful action in a place that seems to us
to struggle to make sustained economic, social and environmental progress. There were some
concerns that we had ignored or dismissed some important local issues, however, and we have
tried to clarify our position accordingly. It is inevitable that we will not have understood the depth
of some of the issues, but such greater understanding among others does not yet seem to have
secured the future success of the City, and what might seem radical suggestions just might unlock
trapped potential.
.7.
.8.
.9.
.0.
The Academys Place Partnering programme offers places selected as nalists in the Academys
Urbanism Awards the expertise and experience of Academicians to help them tackle obstacles
to longer term and broader success. It is offered as a diagnostic service, to help, encourage
and challenge the diverse interests that inuence the success of places to recognise and tackle
the issues and opportunities that are of greatest importance. (A copy of the prospectus for
participating places is at Appendix .)
The visit to Derry-Londonderry was associated with the Academys Annual Congress, held in
Derry-Londonder ry in May 202. The Department of Culture and Leisure (DCAL) provided
grant funding to cover the cost to run the place partnering diagnostic visit. DCALs Ministerial
Advisory Group on Architecture and the Built Environment (MAG) assisted and participated in thevisit. Additional supporting sponsorship was provided by Inner City Trust; Derry-Londonderr y City
Council and ILEX, the URC responsible for urban regeneration projects in Derry-Londonderry.
The primary purpose of the exercise was to help the people of Derry-Londonderry build
on their success in receiving the Academys Great Town Award 202, by identifying potential
obstacles to longer term and broader success. The secondary purpose was to provide an insight
for Government and local representatives into methods of enquiry that may help the new local
authorities which come into being in 20, to take up their new responsibilities for planning.
The brief for the visit and the breadth of participation was co-ordinated in advance of the visit
by Mary Kerr igan, locally based MAG Expert Advisor, and Steven Bee, AoU Director. It was
agreed locally by the MAG Chair, Arthur Acheson, and secretariat at DCAL , Planning NI, Derry-
Londonderry City Council, and ILEX.
The visit was held on 23 and 24 April 202. The Academy Panel comprised a chairman, a
rappor teur, and three panel members. All gave their time free of charge. They met a total of 32
representatives from the Derry-Londonderry City Council, ILEX Urban Regeneration Company,
APEX Housing Association, Walled City Par tnership, Foyle Civic Trust, Inner City Trust, City Centre
Initiative, Chamber of Commerce, Rathmor Centre, Holywell Trust, MAG member s, PSNI, DoE
(NI), DSD, DRD Roads Service, Into the West, Derry-Londonderry Well Women, Transition Derry-
Londonderry, City Traders Forum other representatives of local community, business, amenityorganisations and other interests.
MAG members observed the process, and PLACE the architecture centre for NI recorded
the event on the rst day and will provide a summary transcript. The full list people involved is
recorded in Appendix Two. The presentations from, and questioning by the Panel of, all those
who participated was in open session. In the interests of continuing open discussion, opinions and
positions are not directly attributed, and this report reects the tone and intention of what was
said by all.
..
.2.
.3.
.4.
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.6.
Background.
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Physical
The Panel focussed its attention on the historic core of Derry-Londonderry on the west bank of the
Foyle, on both sides of the town wall, and the former Ebrington Barracks site on the eas t bank. We
took into account the wider context of the City, and local participants referred to the role of the city
centre to the Northwest region as a whole.
The Panel had received a copy of the One Plan, prepared for ILEX, and was familiar with its main
points prior to arrival. We had also reviewed the Development Plan and other information relating to
Derry-Londonder ry. We did not explore in any detail the Foyle Gateway area, or the sites for housing
development identied in the wider area.
The Panel had a guided tour of the city centre, including the adjacent parts of the Bogside, the
City Walls, the Peace Bridge and Ebr ington Barracks. We also toured the wider area of the City, in
particular the Bogside, Creggan and Queens Quay areas.
Community
The progress made in rebuilding the City and the
community in the wake of the disturbances of the
970s, 80s and 90s was one of the reasons why the
City received the Academys Great Town Award.
The enthusiasm of the agencies and individuals
involved is remarkable and heartening. It is one of
the features that are likely to attract visitors and
hopefully investors in the future.
The Troubles had exacerba ted the economic
disadvantage wrought by Derry-Londonderrys
20th century history and its peripheral
geographical location. The efforts to restore social
and economic wellbeing since the Good Friday
Agreement have stalled, inevitability, as a result of
the economic downturn. Overcoming generationsof enmity between communities is difcult enough
in a context of growing prosperity; when times
remain hard for a long time, the tendency to resort
to past loyalties and prejudices must be a risk. The
local representatives that the Panel met, while well
aware of this r isk, were united in their optimism for
the future, and in their commitment to initiatives
that ensure that the whole community moves
forward together.
2..
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2..
Context2.
The representatives that the
Panel met...were united in
their optimism for the future,
and in their commitment to
initiatives that ensure that
the whole community moves
forward together.
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The Panel received diverse presentations on the rst afternoon from different perspectives. Some
were highly structured, technical and focused; others broad-brush, heartfelt, and personal. All helped
the Panel to take multiple bearings on the issues raised. We were able to test the accuracy of our
emerging perspectives in conversation with individuals that evening, and with local representatives
together on the morning of the second day.
The presentations were clustered to ensure a good representation of interests during the time available.
Only the education cluster was unrepresented on the day, which was unfortunate, as the Panel
concluded that this was a crucial topic (see later).
The Panels diagnosis does not directly reect the cluster of interested parties, but draws common
threads and conicts that we think should be addressed if the best use is to be made of human and
nancial resources.
We present our diagnosis of the current chances of long term success for Derry-Londonderr y underve main headings: Cultural legacy; the historic core; the River; Ebrington; and project co-ordination.
Cultural legacy
The Great Town Award, and the selection of Derry- Londonderry as the 203 UK Capital of Culture,
demonstrate the increasingly widespread recognition of Derry-Londonderrys distinctive history, culture
and physical legacy. The origins of the City are not just remar kable, they are still part of the Citys
communal consciousness, four hundred years after its foundation. It was a model on which many of the
early settlements of the New World were based, and has shaped the destiny, for good and ill, of millions
of people across the world since.
While this should instil a sense of pride and self-condence in the community of Derry-Londonderr y, it
remains a source of division between the successors of those who came and those who were already
here in 1613. Historic places elsewhere in the British Isles, often born out of conict and dissent, have a
detached view of their history, recognising the relevance of past conict to their heritage, but no longer
tied to the enmity that generated it. As time allows the people of Derry-Londonderr y as a whole to
move away from the shadow of oppression, occupation and exploitation and achieve this detachment,
the Panel felt that the community will be able to acknowledge and value the heritage of the plantation
town that survives in the walls, the historic buildings they enclose, and the buildings of quality in theconservation areas around the city centre. These are no longer tools of repression, and may in future
be used, enjoyed and valued as part of a shared heritage, in the same way that Egypt can celebrate
the Pyramids, and the United Kingdom its Norman castles, without having to resent the slavery and
domination that created them.
As the City has expanded, there has been an inevitable demand for services to meet the needs of
the expanding city, and district centres provide community and commercial services locally. Historic
sectarian differences have inuenced the location of these community facilities health, education
and welfare, and social housing leading to a geographical distribution that would be counter-intuitive
if efcient provision of services were the only criterion. The Panel felt that continuing such special
consideration is likely to perpetuate the communitys consciousness of such differences in the long term,
and slow the progress of distancing itself from the Troubles.
3..
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3...
3..2.
3..3.
Diagnosis3. Diagnosis3.
The origins of the City are
not just remarkable, they
are still part of the Citys
communal consciousness,
four hundred years after its
foundation
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One of the positive outcomes of efforts in recent decades is the growing social enterprise sector
emerging as the City nds new ways of overcoming economic and historic disadvantages. The Panel
considered this modern example of resilience to be founded on sound principles and offering an
example for other places to study and learn from.
Neighbourhood-based initiatives have however diverted attention and investment away from the
city centre. There ha s been a remarkable rebuilding progr amme in recent years, but the city centre
still needs attention (see later). The Panel under stood the historic associations of the walled city and
its location on the west bank of the Foyle in what became the predominantly Catholic side of the
town. We did not feel however that this was sufcient reason to divert future investment elsewhere.
The historic city centre has been and should be the centre for the whole community, and promoted
as such. This makes economic as well as social sense. If the economy is to grow by attracting new
investment and visitors, they will expect convenient and co-located features and attractions, easily
accessible and well-serviced.
Current proposals associated with the City of Culture propose to move some facilities to the
Waterside (east bank) side of the River Foyle, to reduce the perception among its predominantly
Protestant residents that they are neglected and excluded. While this may be historically the case,
the moving of facilities like the Maritime Museum, and the location of City of Culture facilities outside
the city centre will divert resources and lose the benets of co-location. The Panel understood
the reasons for relocating the City of Culture ofces from the former Northern Counties Hotel at
Magazine Gate but we felt that this area should remain an important focal point for public activities and
would encourage further efforts to engage the whole community in the long term public purpose of
Guildhall Square and the buildings around it.
While the plans for next years events are progressing, little has yet been implemented. Changing plans
now will be difcult and risky, but the Panel was rmly of the view that existing and new permanent
cultural facilities should be concentrated in and around the historic city centre that is the walled city
and its immediate environs on the city side. The Panel saw vacant buildings that could be available for
short term or permanent reuse . For example, half of the Supervalu supermarket in Waterloo Place is
vacant, as is St Columbs Hall, and there are likely to be others that are underused. The Panel could see
the value of the Ebrington Barracks site for large scale events during the City of Culture year, but we
did not think it was a suitable location for the main City of Culture venue (see later).
The Panel were surprised that among the ideas being worked up for celebrating the regions culture,food did not seem to play a part. It may be that the lush pastures of the region produce mainly dairy
products, but throughout Europe, regional food produce and dishes are becoming an important
component of local identity and tourism marketing. Searching out, or indeed creating, Derry-
Londonderry-specic foodstuffs and dishes, and promoting high standards of catering will be essential if
higher visitor interest is to be attracted and sustained.
3..4.
3...
3..6.
3..7.
3..8.
The historic city centre
The fascinating, unique and difcult history of Derry-Londonderry is represented in the layout,
development and use of the historic city centre the walled city and its immediate sur roundings. The
defensible location on the hill on an island in the Foyle is the reason for its existence, and the benets
and constraints of that are still evident today. The western channel the Bogside may have been
drained and developed, but the main channel of the fast owing river provides a dramatic setting for
the historic settlement that was praised in the Eighteenth Century, and could yet be again. Much of the
historic fabric of the City, in par ticular the city walls, are associated with past occupation, domination
and conict. That is no d ifferent from most European cities, many of which have suffered far greater
abuse and destruction than Derry-Londonderry. Whatever their origin and original purpose, these
heritage assets are not only available to be enjoyed by the local community as a whole, but are the
basis of the local distinctiveness of Derry-Londonderry that will prove increasingly popular to tourists
seeking new places and cultural stimulation.
The people to whom the Panel spoke were very clear and open about the nature and complexity of
community relations. We agreed that if the city as a whole can be similarly open, and acknowledge the
differing interpretations put on the signicance of places and events; if it can present these for locals
and visitors to reect on and app reciate, the troubled history might be laid to rest more quickly. The
commitment to peace seems to be an important feature of modern life in Derry-Londonderry, despite
the occasional reverberations of past anger. The Peace Bridge is an important contribution to the
heritage of the City, and seems to be successful, both symbolically and in its usefulness. There is grea t
potential to push this combination of symbolism and accessibility further.
The western landfall
of the Peace Bridge is
inconveniently obstructed
by the main road along the
riverside. The Panel could
see no reason why the
pedestrian crossing should
not be relocated to link
the Bridge to the Guildhall
Square, immediately. The
link up Whittaker Streetand Shipquay Street to The
Diamond should be one of
the liveliest routes in the City,
particularly with the cross-
connection from Castle
Street across Shipquay Street
through the Richmond
Centre to the Foyleside
Centre.
3.6.
3.6..
3.6.2.
3.6.3.
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The Panels concern at the compromising of Harbour Square by trafc was reinforced at a Congress
workshop. Discussions involving local and visiting Academicians concluded that this historic point
of connection between the walled city and the river, later enlarged, had great symbolic as well as
physical potential. It should be possible to reduce trafc capacity and improve pedestrian access
without compromising the smooth functioning of the City, and create capacity for cultural, leisure and
entertainment uses. The Congress considered examples of how trafc and pedestrian integration had
been achieved throughout Europe that were widely considered adaptable to the Citys circumstances.
The Panel was told of plans to use the Harbour Ofce in Harbour Square for Council Members
accommodation, adjacent to the refurbished Guildhall, and plans for the permanent relocation of the
Maritime Museum (displaced from the Guildhall and temporarily located in the Railway Museum) in the
historic buildings of Ebrington Barracks (briey used as HMS Ferret 3 during the Second World War).
We felt that such relocation would dilute the cultural offer of the city centre to the general detriment
of its attractiveness to visitors. The generally modest and small scale buildings of the Barracks do not
appear well-suited to museum use, and we were attracted to suggestions that the Harbour Ofces andthe former Custom House in Shipquay Street could offer more suitable accommodation in a better
location.
Such uses could strengthen the status of Guildhall Square
and Harbour Square, as a substantial cultural centre at
the western end of the Peace Bridge, balancing future
complementary facilities to be provided on the Barracks
site at its eastern end (see later). Accommodation for the
new Local Authority would be more suitably located in a
specially commissioned new building, reecting the political
commitment to the future and setting a standard for new
interventions in the city centre as the generally mediocre
buildings of recent decades are replaced over time.
Guildhall Square has been improved recently, and now
provides an important public space, but it has no convenient
access to the City walls that run alongside it.
This is an important oppor tunity for a new intervention. There have been many changes to the
historic walls over the centur ies, and these reect the evolution of the city. The City of Culture is anappropriate oppor tunity to create a new access on to the wall, from the outside. This would add
to the attractiveness of the Guildhall Square and the Guildhall which will once more become an
important public building, for local people and visitors, once its refurbishment is complete. This would
symbolise the new openness of the City, and this area in par ticular, to all. It could also symbolise the
importance of the historic city to the community of the Waterside, now connected by the Peace
Bridge.
3.6.4.
3.6..
3.6.6.
3.6.7.
3.6.8.
Such a connection could be
temporary in the rst instance, in
time for the City of Culture, and the
subject of an architectural competition
to create something of artistic merit
as well as useful. In the longer term a
permanent facility to enable everyone
easier access to the walls walk would
help to increase the use of this unique
asset.
The walls are relatively modest in
height, compared to some walled
cities, and later development close
to them has helped them feel partof the historic city centre rather than
the boundary of it. This is not the
case on the west side, where the steep hill down to the Bogside makes development more difcult,
but elsewhere, the wall walk provides an excellent vantage point for views through and out from
the historic city, of its individual buildings and its setting in the wider landscape. There is scope for
temporary and permanent features, events and interpretation for local people and visitors. The walking
surface has been changed over time and there may be further scope for improving pedestrian comfort,
and additional access at other points.
The Panel heard some suggestions that more recent buildings and structures might be removed to
open up better views of the walls. Th is might be justied in some circumstances, but buildings within
and beyond the walls are an historically signicant characteristic of Derry-Londonderry as well as
contributors to the vitality of the historic core. Where poorly designed buildings compromise this
historic character there may be scope for their replacement with new development of a higher
standard, but the sense of enclosure and the development capacity of the city centre should not be
reduced, and buildings that tell part of the story of the city should be retained.
The use of night time lighting is already being explored in Derry-Londonderry on the Peace Bridge
and with the Mute Meadows installation and the walls offer a further opportunity for creative lighting,
both to illuminate their signicance and as a canvas for projections. Other buildings offer similar scope,as does the black night time canvas of the river (see later).
The Panel was heartened to hear that APEX Housing Association would in future consider adapting
and restoring existing buildings to provide new dwellings, in addition to new build. The re-introduction
of mixed tenure housing to the historic core will be one way of strengthening its economic
performance, as traditional retail commercial activity moves on-line. Where demolition is appropriate,
the opportunity for replacement buildings that not only respect their historic setting, but make a
contri bution to the Citys future heritage must be exploited. We heard of a signicant unmet demand for
housing for single people, and the historic centre could be a popular location for many of these.
3.6.9.
3.6.0.
3.6..
3.6.2.
3.6.3.
The Panel heard of a
signifcant unmet demand
for housing for single
people, and the historic
centre could be a popular
location for many of these
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The Panel was told of long-standing plans for retail development on the periphery of the City.
While provision of convenience shopping in suburban areas is an established principle, the expansion
of such developments to accommodate comparison shopping could have a severe negative impact on
the viability of the city centre if this is not very carefully planned and managed. We felt that there was
some scope for accommodating more modern retail development in the city centre, particularly if more
enlightened trafc and access policies are adopted (see later), and if associated with an equally creative
approach from developers and their design teams in balancing the benets of the high footfall of a city
centre location with the sensitivities of its setting.
It was also clear to the Panel that some former retail areas in the city centre were struggling to remain
viable in changing circumstances. Allowing shops outside recognised core primary and secondary retail
areas and streets to change to commercial or residential use would strengthen the retail performance
of the centre and help to meet other needs. The longer term growth of the population and the
economy will require room for expansion. The fringes of the existing centre appear to have considerable
redevelopment potential, which should be carefully balanced with any more peripheral provision forcommercial and retail development.
The Panel saw some of the areas of ne early Nineteenth Century housing in the conservation area
around the historic centre, some of which is in poor condition and in some cases at risk of irreversible
decline. We felt that the potential of these areas to help meet future housing needs must be exploited,
and that it may be necessary to use public agency powers for compulsory purchase to secure the futures
of individual properties at risk. Some residential and commercial properties are tied up in legal problems
and co-operation with banks and other interests may help.
A number of older industrial premises, shirt factor ies in particular, have been put to new uses. Others
could be used for housing and possibly hotel/hostel uses that will be necessary to support the expansion
of tourism. The potential for such buildings to meet the needs of the growing knowledge industr ies
was also put forward by one of the Congress workshops. The public realm of these areas needs to
be improved too, and sensitive highway improvements an important contribution. Just as Dublin has
brought its Georgian terraces back into active use, so Derry-Londonderry has the opportunity to bring
more residents back into the historic core. One of the characteristics of Derry-Londonderry is the close
relationship between the city centre and the countryside generally visible from it. Green spaces within
the city centre are few however, and recent improvements to the public realm seem not to include
tree planting. Given the signicance of the Oak to Derry-Londonderrys history, indeed its name, the
opportunity to include such trees in particular, for their historic relevance and symbolism of the long termperspective, as well as their amenity value, seems obvious.
The Panel heard that a number of important historic properties had been lost through neglect or failure
to recognise their signicance. Further loss of historic buildings will not only waste their potential to
accommodate new uses and meet the needs of a new generation, but reduce the attractiveness of the
city to future residents and v isitors. The work of the Inner City Trust and Walled City Partner ship has
showed what can be achieved, and the Panel applauded efforts of these organisations to extend their
activities and to encourage other groups and individuals to exploit the potential of historic houses and
factories at risk.
3.6.4.
3.6..
3.6.6.
3.6.7.
3.6.8.
The River Foyle
The setting of Derry-Londonderry is one of its greatest natural assets, and its river has been the reason
for past periods of economic prosperity. The locational advantage of the por t of Derry-Londonderry
for routes across the Atlantic may now be consigned to history, but the Panel was surprised that there
was no evident r iver-based activity today. We were told that the river is shallow and fast owing, and
that may reduce its potential for leisure use, but the Panel felt there should be scope for river-based
tourism, events and possibly oating facilities. The river at night is a particularly attractive location and
setting, with scope for lighting features, displays and son et lumire. Local participants referred to the
recent visit of a cruise ship; if this is possible, there must be further potential.
Major development such as the Quayside and Foyleside shopping centres do not take advantage of the
views available, which is a pity. Future oppor tunities for development along the river could exploit their
setting to much greater advantage for occupiers and users. There would also be opportunities to add
buildings of distinction to the views of the city from the main approach by road from the east.
Local representatives explained past development proposals for the Fort George site to the north
of the city centre, designed in part to take advantage of the connection to the transatlantic high
speed cable link. The plans for a major commercial and residential development were halted by the
economic downturn, and the Panel felt that this was more of an opportunity than a problem. Ofce
development, if and when there is demand for more, would be located better close to the city centre
where it can reinforce the commercial activity of the historic core, encouraging restoration and
adaptation of existing buildings as well as redevelopment of obsolete buildings and underused sites.
The Panel felt the Fort George site, identied in the One Plan as a location for new businesses,
would be better-suited to primarily residential development, with possible marina and leisure uses. If
the landfall of the inter-continental digital link in this location is a distinctive asset (none of the Panel
was experienced in such matters), it is likely that the commercial advantage it offers will recede as
technology and capacity/speeds improve elsewhere.
The Panel heard different opinions regarding the future of Derry-Londonderrys railway station on the
east bank, but the stronger view, reinforced during the Congress, pressed for restoration and reuse
of the Victorian rail shed for its original pur pose. Alternative suggestions for a new station close to
the Barracks site and Peace Bridge had some support, notably from Translink. While the latter might
provide the shortest route into the city centre, most visitors are likely to continue to travel by road totheir destination, which from here would be a longer route.
The restoration of the original station has wide community support and would be symbolic of Derry-
Londonderrys renewed condence in the future. As the terminus of a famous rail route along the
north coast of Ireland from Belfast, the restoration of the station, along with the planned improvements
to the line and services, would be a further reason to visit Derry-Londonderry. There will be scope for
improved pedestrian and cycle links between the restored station and the Peace Bridge.
3.7.
3.7..
3.7.2.
3.7.3
3.7.4.
3.7..
3.7.6.
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Ebrington Barracks
The Panel appreciated the local signicance of the transfer of ownership of this site from the Ministry
of Defence to the NI Government, represented by ILEX, the Derry-Londonderry urban regeneration
company. At 26 acres (almost equivalent to the walled city) it is the largest development site this close to
the city centre, and its opening up for public use is symbolic as well as useful. We heard of plans to use
parts of the site to accommodate events and exhibitions associated with the 203 UK City of Culture.
While this is an obvious use for the relatively unconstrained space of the parade ground and currently
unused buildings, close to the Peace Bridge, the site is still some distance from the city centre, where most
of Derry-Londonderrys traditional and current cultural facilities are located. (see para 3.6.4-6).
Relocating established cultural facilities to the Barracks, such as the museum, and permanently locating
new facilities there, such as a hotel and an ar t gallery, risks undermining the critical mass of attractions in
the city centre, and compromising the ultimate potential of the Barracks as a development site. Creating
new museums is a risky business, and estimations of public interest are often over-optimistic. Theyhave proved popular with funding agencies and have stimulated some remarkable architecture. Recent
examples in Northern Ireland are the Titanic in Belfast and the new Giants Causeway Visitor Centre. The
world is scattered however with the carcasses of failed museums, and Derr y-Londonderry might direct
new capital spending to locations and facilities that have a stronger chance of long term success. (The
White Cliffs Experience in Dover is a particularly sad example, and the Museum of Popular Music in
Shefeld was mercifully rescued by the local University for alternative use . Both were well-located and
accessible, but failed to sustain necessary visitor numbers and public subsidy.)
While the Panel acknowledged the desire to spread facilities throughout Derry-Londonderry, improving
access to all sections of the community, we felt that the plan for the Ebrington Barracks site should be
reconsidered . The site could accommodate a substantial amount of the new housing anticipated by the
One Plan (published 20). We felt however that it may have greater potential as a location for a major
new higher education campus, while still providing public access to new spaces and routes through a
site that was closed to the public and a symbol of oppression for so long. The Pane l recommends that
the potential for this or similar strategic investment be carefully considered before a commitment to
incremental development permanently closes the door on the opportunity.
This would not constrain temporary use for some of the bigger 203 events, such as the All Ireland
Fleadh, or long term public access and activitie s. It would ensure that the scale and location of the site are
fully exploited and their benets maximised for the community as a whole.
During a Congress workshop, the opening of the Peace Bridge, the new routes through the Barracks,
and the expanding cycle network, were identied as factors that would change the spatial relationship
between the Ebrington area and the rest of the City. Over time local representatives felt that these
improved connections would help Ebrington to feel more a contiguous part of central Derry-
Londonderry, and strengthen the economic performance of local shops and businesses, even without a
major development of the Barracks.
3.8.
3.8..
3.8.2.
3.8.3.
3.8.4.
3.8..
Further and Higher Education
The Panel was surprised that a city the size of Derry-Londonderry had such a small student population.
It was unfortunately not possible for the Panel to meet senior representatives from the education
sector, but we gained some insight into the history of Magee College and the past policies and progress
of the University of Ulster, and are aware that the One Plan has aspirations for around 0,000 higher
education places in the City. Like so many aspects of life in Derry-Londonderry, the politics associated
with higher education are complicated, but we think that there are economic as well as social reasons
why the opportunities for young people to study in Derry-Londonderry should be greater than they
are.
The remarkable age prole of Derry-Londonderry, with 40% of the population under 25, means that
there is likely to be unmet local demand for higher qualications in the Derry-Londonderr y region, as
well as opportunities to attract students from among the families of the Derry-Londonderry diaspora
and the wider world.
The Panel was told that Magee College provides around 3000 undergraduate places, and North West
Regional College around 70. This is a small total for a city the size of Derry-Londonder ry. The scope
for the University of Ulster to expand in the near future in Derry-Londonderry may be constrained
by commitments elsewhere, but we suggest that other educational institutions might be attracted. The
Panel heard of historic and recent associations with Trinity College Dublin, Harvard and other eastern
seaboard universities, and Berkeley, California. There might also be potential for exploiting links with
the City of London (see later).
Universities no longer have to rely on public funding. The Panel suggested that if there were little
chance of public funding for a major facility, there could be scope for attracting private university
interests to Derry-Londonderry, particularly if a site as attractive as Ebrington Barracks were offered.
A private institution does not have to be exclusive, and could provide a publicly accessible campus,
and cultural, sports, welfare and other facilities that could be shared with the wider Ebrington
community. An institution of 0,000+ students would create a major new focus of a ctivity in Ebrington,
complementing the commercial and civic functions of the city centre, and generating substantial new
spending throughout Derry-Londonderry.
New facilities, however funded, would encourage greater competition among education providers
in Derry-Londonderry and across the northwest region, strengthen standards, encourage more andbetter Derry-Londonderry students to stay and study, and encourage students from elsewhere to
experience the cultural diversity and environmental quality of Derry-Londonderry.
Over time, the increased proportion of visiting students would help to break down the Derry-
Londonderry tendency to be war y of outsiders and over-protective of locals a trait reported to the
Panel a number of times. If Derry-Londonderr y is to compete for trade, commerce and status with
other modern cities it will have to behave like one. Many of the Worlds most successful cities have
grown through the energy and new ideas of new people from diverse backgrounds.
3.9.
3.9..
3.9.2.
3.9.3.
3.9.4.
3.9..
3.9.6.
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Roads and access
The Panel heard of the challenges faced as a result of Derry-Londonderrys remoteness. Its role as an
historic gateway to North America by sea has been supplanted by air routes from the rest of Ireland
and Europe. The emerging role of Derry-Londonderr y airport may improve access to and from
the town and its surrounding region in future, despite recent cuts in services. The absence of faster
and more reliable connections to/from Belfast and the rest of Ireland is clear ly an issue. The Panel
appreciated the logic of improving road and ra il links which were clearly a local priority. Although the
scale and broader complexity of strategic transport planning fell outside the brief of their visit, the Panel
was sympathetic to the views of those who feared that whatever transport-related powers were to be
delegated to the new local authorities, this would come too late in 20, and that a forum for discussing
and planning such improvements should be established immediately.
Derry-Londonderry obviously has the challenge of handling 21st century trafc with a 17th century
road layout in the historic centre. It is not unusual in that. It is probably made more difcult by thelack of investment in public transport, and some local representatives suggested that bus routes
terminating at, rather than passing through (and around) the city centre are part of the problem. The
Panel detected a culture of predict and provide, in relation to highway planning, rather than the demand
management approach now prevalent in most of Europe.
Derry-Londonder ry has the advantage of being the main settlement in a monocentric city region. I t
may have a limited catchment in population and economic terms, but it has no competitor. Providing
easy access to Derry-Londonderry from its catchment region has to be balanced with ease of
movement within the town for those who live or work in, or those visitors who eventually have to get
out of their cars to use it.
3.10.
3.0..
3.0.2.
3.0.3.
The Panels perception of the way in which the success of the Peace Bridge is compromised by trafc
management in Harbour Square is descr ibed in 3.6.3-3.6.4 (above). It reects a predict and provide
approach to trafc management that Derry-Londonderry will have to address if it is to improve the
quality of life and attractiveness of the city centre as a whole to future investment. The UK City of
Culture year will be an opportunity to test alternative management approaches, as extraordinary
numbers of pedestrians will be using the central area, and arrangements for peripheral parking,
pedestrian priority and public transpor t connections will have to be provided. The most successful can
be made permanent. Such an approach may be in place, but the Panel saw and heard no evidence
of it. This was endor sed by Congress discussions of the success of alternative approaches to trafc
management elsewhere in the UK and Europe. Many speakers supported a popular forum to monitor
and exploit the experience of increased pedestrian priority during 203.
Derry-Londonderry is separated from its waterfront for much of its length by the railway on one side
and the Duke Street and Foyle Embankment dual carriageways on both sides. Improvements to the
road layout on the west side could open up greater access. The improvements to footpath/cycle route
along the riverside from Queens Quay northwards are beginning to show the benets of this kind of
investment. Proposals for Harbour Square should be an opportunity to link this promenade with the
Peace Bridge and Guildhall Square. The re-opening of the old railway station could be combined witha new pedestrian and cycle route along the east bank to Ebrington, St Columbs Park and the Peace
Bridge.
The Panel heard of earlier suggestions that the rail route between the Peace Bridge and the restored
station could be calmed with resurfacing and tr ain speeds reduced to walking pace, to allow
pedestrians access across it to the riverside. This was discussed and suppor ted at the Congress, with
examples of tram sites elsewhere operating along similar lines.
3.0.4.
3.0..
The re-opening of theold railway station could
be combined with a new
pedestrian and cycle
route along the east bank
to Ebrington, St Columbs
Park and the Peace
Bridge
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Relationship with London
The origins of the plantation town and the evolution of Derry-Londonderry since its foundation are
fundamental to the present day circumstances. There can be few communities as aware of the historic
reasons for their existence and present problems than Derry-Londonderrys. Past hostility to the City
of London among the majority of Derry-Londonderrys residents was perhaps inevitable, and the Panel
was encouraged that attitudes ar e softening. There may be scope for renewing and developing this
historic relationship in ways that would be wholly advantageous to Derry-Londonderry.
There remain links to City of
London institutions, through
the Honourable the Irish
Society and it is possible
that these could be sources
of renewed investmentin the future. As with the
potential for attracting a
higher education institution,
any external interest from
established investors would
help to raise the prole of
Derry-Londonderry and
encourage competition.
3.11.
3...
3..2.
Institutional inertia
The Panel were impressed with the scale and intensity of intervention by public, private and third sector
agencies, and some high prole individuals. The amount of p rogress made in redeveloping damaged
sites and buildings, creating new employment and promoting new forms of cultural development is
pretty heroic. After several decades of effort, and tapping sources of investment especially local,
regional, UK and European public funding it is inevitable that Derry-Londonderry initiatives have been
shaped by the difculties of working within the fragmented central and local government structures,
that are a legacy of the Troubles, and the inevitable bureaucracy and compliance obligations that funding
sources require to avoid the repeat of historic discrimination.
Taken together though, these obligations can be a signicant drag on progress. Performance criteria,
governance and value for money obligations have to be applied across a diverse range of activities for
which many processes/structures may not be appropriate or helpful, and the Panel sensed that this was
becoming the case in Derry-Londonderr y. When economic circumstances are so difcult, opportunitiesrequire a rapid response and a exible approach. That seems difcult in Derry-Londonderr y,
particular ly where there is a fear that initiatives will be of benet to outsiders. Derry-Londonder ry, like
anywhere else, will be as reliant on inward investment and new ideas as it will on encouraging home
grown talent. Opportunities to welcome new investors must be seized when they occur and not held
in abeyance until other interests have been aligned by then they are likely to have gone elsewhere.
The One Plan attempts to pull together and simplify the plethora of initiatives (around 80 at one count)
which ILEX and other agencies were struggling to co-ordinate. The Panel detected still a tendency to
tackle every new challenge with a new strategy, steering group and survey. It may be counter-intuitive in
the historical context, but if public bodies allowed themselves and others more freedom to follow ideas
and sources of energy, the City would be more effectively enriched, culturally and economically, by those
exercising initiative. It was telling during at least one workshop during the Congress, that suggestions for
more rapid action were countered with difculties in securing the necessary consents. DCC, ILEX and
other agencies should have delegated powers to put in place generic consents and create a generally
permissive environment that will encourage initiative.
The greater freedoms and responsibilities that will come for the new Derry-Londonderry authority
with Government reorganisation of local government in 20 are really too far away, particularly if
Derry-Londonder ry is to maximise the potential of 203 UK City of Culture. The Panel suggests that
ways are found to give greater freedom to individual projects, and refreshing the structures and systemsto which agencies seem to be bound. There may be a higher risk of some initiatives failing, but that
should be balanced by those that will be up and running in 203, and able to ride the wave of public
attention that will be focussed on Derry-Londonderry.
3.12.
3.2..
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.2.4.
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Recommendations4. Cultural legacyAll the people of Derry-Londonderry should be able to value, use and enjoy the heritage of the
Plantation that survives in the walls and buildings within and around the city centre as part of their
shared heritage
Special considerations in providing public services arising from the sectarian history of Derry-
Londonderry are likely to perpetuate differences in the long term, and should be superseded by
rational, city-wide services.
The growing social enterprise sector helping the city nd new ways of overcoming economic and
historic disadvantages should be encouraged and expanded.
The historic City centre has been and should be the centre for the whole community, and promoted as
such.
Permanent facilities like the Maritime Museum and City of Culture legacy facilities should be located
in the historic city centre. ie the walled city and its immediate environs making use of vacant buildings
where possible
Searching out, or creating, Derry-Londonderry-specic foodstuffs and dishes, and promoting high
standards of catering will encourage and sustain visitor interest.
The historic city centre
The pedestrian crossing should be relocated to link the Br idge to the Guildhall Square, immediately. The
link along Whittaker Street and Shipquay Street to The Diamond should be improved for pedestrians
as soon as possible.
The Maritime Museum should remain in the city centre. Possibly in the Harbour Ofce and former
Custom House
Further cultural and leisure/entertainment facilities around Guildhall Square and Harbour Square would
help establish a substantial cultural focus at the western end of the Peace Bridge, balancing futurecomplementary facilities on the Barracks site at its eastern end.
Additional accommodation for the new Local Authority would be more suitably provided in a new
building, reecting the political commitment to the future and setting a standard for other development.
Create a new access on to the city wall, from the outside on Guildhall Square to encourage greater use
and provide a high prole architectural/artistic opportunity associated with the 2013 UK City of Culture
celebration.
Introduce temporary and permanent features, events and interpretation on the walls for local people
and visitors.
4.1.
4...
4..2.
4..3.
4..4.
4...
4..6.
4.2.
4.2..
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
4.2.4.
4.2..
4.2.6.
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Retain the sense of enclosure around the walls and the buildings that tell part of the story of the city.
Introduce more creative lighting of the city walls and principle buildings/features.
Re-introduce mixed tenure housing to the historic core, especially for small households, to meet social
need and strengthen economic performance.
Where demolition is unavoidable, replacement buildings must respect their historic setting, and
contribute to the Citys future heritage by employing and demonstrating the best standards of
contemporary architectural design.
The expansion of out of town retail should be very carefully controlled, and precedence given to new
retail development in and adjacent to the City centre.
Underused or vacant historic buildings should be retained and brought back into use, to help meetfuture housing needs. Where necessar y public agency powers for compulsory purchase should secure
the futures of individual properties at risk.
Older industrial premises, shirt factories and redundant retail units in particular, should be acquired and
used for housing and possibly hotel/hostel /new industry uses.
The achievements of the Inner City Trust and the Walled City Par tnership should be extended and
other groups and individuals encouraged to exploit the potential of historic houses and factories at risk.
The River Foyle
The scope for r iver-based tourism, events and possibly oating facilities should be exploited.
The river at night is a particularly attractive location and setting, with scope for lighting features, displays
and son et lumire.
Future opportunities for development along the river should be designed to exploit and contribute to
their setting.
The restoration of the original station as the terminus for the improved, and famous, rail route along
the north coast of Ireland, should be promoted as part of the experience for visitors.
Ebrington
Relocating established cultural facilities to the Barracks risks undermining the critical mass of attractions
in the city centre, and compromising the ultimate potential of the Barracks as a development site.
The Barracks greatest potential may be as a location for a major new higher education campus.
4.2.7.
4.2.8.
4.2.9.
4.2.0.
4.2..
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
4.2.4.
4.3.
4.3..
4.3.2.
4.3.3.
4.3.4.
4.4.
4.4..
4.4.2.
Further and higher education
Other higher educational institutions might be attracted to Derry-Londonderry, particularly if a site as
attractive as Ebrington Barracks were offered. Such a use of the Barracks could provide facilities to be
shared with the local and wider community.
Roads and access
A forum for discussing and planning such improvements for pedestrians should be established
immediately.
The outdated approach to trafc management that sties Derry-Londonderry should be replaced
with an approach led by the aim of improving the quality of life and attractiveness of the city centre for
people not in cars, and encouraging investment.
The UK City of Culture year will be an opportunity to test alternative management approaches, some
of which may be made permanent.
The re-opening of the old railway station should be combined with a new pedestrian and cycle route
along the east bank to Ebrington, St Columbs Park and the Peace Bridge.
Relationship with London
Derry-Londonderry should explore ways of renewing and developing the relationship to its greater
advantage.
Institutional inertia
Public agencies must facilitate rapid responses and a exible approach to initiatives.
Agencies should help Derry-Londonderry grow away from its differentiation between locals and
outsiders.
Opportunities to welcome new investors must be seized when they occur and not held in abeyance
until all other interests have been aligned.
Agencies should resist the inclination to tackle every new challenge with a new strategy, steering group
and sur vey. They should allow themselves and others more freedom to follow ideas and sources of
energy and initiative.
The greater freedoms and responsibilities of new Derry-Londonderry authority in 20 are too far
away, and mechanisms to establish local decision making and greater freedom should be established
immediately, using the 2013 City of Culture celebration as the pr imary justication.
4.5.
4...
4.6.
4.6..
4.6.2.
4.6.3.
4.6.4.
4.7.
4.7..
4.8
4.8..
4.8.2.
4.8.3.
4.8.4.
4.8..
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The Academy of Urbanism | Place Partnering | Derry~Londonderry | 27
THE ACADEMY OF URBANISM PANEL
Derek Latham AoU, Chair
Steven Bee AoU, Rapporteur
David Porter AoU
David Taylor AoU
Dickon Robinson AoU
MINISTERIAL ADVISORY GROUP
FOR ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
Arthur Acheson, MAG Chair
Diana Fitzsimons, MAG Member
Emily Smyth, MAG Member
Alan Strong,MAG Member
Mary Kerrigan, MAG Expert Advisor
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
Maura Fox & Helena OToole, Planning
Manus Deery, NIEA
DEPARTMENT FOR REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Jim Campbell,Roads Service
DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
Martin Quigg, North West Regeneration
Ofce
CITY CENTRE WELL BEING
Jim Roddy,CEO, City Centre Initiative
Martin McCrossan,Chair, City Traders
Forum
Inspector Barry Pollin, Community Policing,
Police Service of Northern Ireland
ILEX URBAN REGENERATION
COMPANY
Maura Fox (inter agency co-ordinator)
Gerald McCleave
COMMUNITY
Eamon Deane,Holywell TrustSusan Gibson, Derry Well Women
Aine Downey, retired Senior Lecturer,
University of Ulster
BUILT ENVIRONMENT NON
PROFIT+AMENITY ORGANISATIONS
Mary ODwyer, Chair /Jo Mitchell,
Treasurer, Foyle Civic Trust
Mary Kerrigan,Education Ofcer, Walled
City Partnership
Helen Quigley,CEO, Inner City Trust
Siobhan Porter, APEX Housing Association
Eamonn McCann,writer, journalist, human
rights campaigner, Into The West (Rail lobby
group)
PROPERTY / DEVELOPERS
Hugh Hegarty,property
Shauna Duddy, retailer and property, Duddy
Group
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Councillor Maeve McLaughlin, Sinn Fein
Councillor Gerard Diver, SDLP
Tony Monaghan, Economic Development,
Derry City Council
ECONOMY
Conal McFeely, Social Economist
Paul Gosling, Economist + freelance
journalist
Sinead McLaughlin, CEO, Chamber of
Commerce
Marian Farrell, ecological activist and PS
outreach teacher of literacy, Transition Derry
In addition to those who presented to the
panel as part of cluster groups the following
attended the evening dinner
Sharon OConnor, Derry City Council
Helena OToole,Planning NI
Helen Quigley, Inner City Trust
Shona McCarthy,Culture Co
Kevin McGovern, Planning Consultant
Paul Gosling, Journalist
Conal McFeely, Rathmor Centre, Creggan
Siobhan Porter, APEX Housing Association
Steve Bee AoU
Derek Latham AoU
David Porter AoU
David Taylor AoU
Dickon Robinson AoU
Emily Smyth, MAG member
Alan Strong, MAG member
Diana Fitzsimons, MAG member
Mary Kerrigan, MAG Expert Advisor,
Walled City Partnership Education Ofcer
Appendix & 2.
The Academy of Urbanism
The Academy is a actie, ot-for-prot membership orgaisatio
fouded to expad our collectie uderstadig of placemakig
ad to share best practice.
The Academy brigs together a leadig group of thikers,
decisio-makers ad practitioers ioled i the social, cultural,
ecoomic, political ad physical deelopmet of our illages,
tows ad cities across Great Britai, Irelad ad icreasigly,
iteratioal coutries.
We aim to adace the uderstadig ad practice of urbaism
by promotig a culture of scholarship through eidece-based
equiry, proidig a iclusie dialogue across all disciplies,
sharig kowledge with the commuity ad our peers ad
urturig, recogisig ad rewardig excellece i achieemet.
Securing Long Term Success
Represetaties of some of those places that hae bee
omiated as Fialists i The Academy of Urbaisms aual
Awards for Great Places have expressed a desire for more advice
ad support to secure the log term success of their place, ad/or
expad their rage of actiity.
The Academy is kee to respod, ad is establishig a pael of
Academicias from which a small group with appropriate adcomplemetary experiece will isit a place eighbourhood,
tow, city quarter to help local represetaties establish a
comprehesie ad objectie appreciatio of what makes their
place special.
What we can offer
The time, eergy ad moey that you iest i your places future
must ot be wasted pursuig urealistic or usustaiable goals.
We ca help you build codece ad egagemet throughout
the local commuity, ad the best chace of support for ad
success of your isio.
The Academys pael will egage with key local people to
stimulate ad challege ideas. I t will produce a diagostic report
of your places stregths ad ay immediate ad wider threats to
sustaiig them. It will preset its suggestios to you ad the local
commuity to aswer questios ad stimulate further debate.
We expect our iput to be the start of somethig, ot the ed.
The Pael will ot tell you what you should do. Their itesie
input will help you ensure that your vision, aspirations and plans
for the future are sound, and that you are aware of the internal
ad exteral pressures that might compromise them. Their isight
will gie you codece that you are makig the most of your
huma ad eirometal assets.
The Agreement
Oce a commissio has bee accepted, the Academy will offer
an initial consultation with the lead Academician appointed to
curate your project; to dee the brief, establish expectatios,
ad agree outputs. You will appoit a lead represetatie to liaise
ad co-ordiate with the lead Academicia.
Up to three days of each pael members time will be offered
free of charge. You will coer isitig Academicias trael,
accommodatio ad subsistece costs ad make a cotributio
to the Academys costs, all of which is likely to total betwee
2,500 - 3,500. Further help may be possible by egotiatio ad
agreemet with the Academy.
You will proide adequate preparatory iformatio i adace,
additioal iformatio as reasoably requested, ad access to key
parters ad local represetaties. Adice will be offered by the
Academy i good faith, but either the Academy or you are
boud by the adice, ad you will accept full resposibility for
actig o the adice offered.
Participatig places will be helped to parter with the Academys
growig etwork of Great Places directly, ad through Academy
eets ad other iitiaties.
Register your Interest
Please register your iterest i the programme by cotactig
Stephe Gallagher by emailig [email protected] or
by phoe o +44 (0)20 7351 8777.
The Academy ofUrbanism
70 Cowcross Street
Lodo EC1M 6EJ
www.academyofurbaism.org.uk
The AcAdemy
of UrbAnism
PLACE PARTnERInGDIAGnOSTIC vISITS
An invitation to the Academys Urbanism Award Finalists
Appendix Two: participantsAppendix One
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LondonECM6EJ
UnitedKingdom
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