Delivering Fertilizer Solutions for Smallholder Farmers
Dr. J. Scott Angle
IFDC President and CEO
Kenya Fertilizer Roundtable
Nairobi
16th October 2018
IFDC Overview
Who We Are: IFDC is a non-profit public international organization that
provides solutions to food security, agricultural sustainability, and economic
development.
Our Mission: IFDC enables farmers to increase agricultural productivity,
generate economic growth, and practice environmental stewardship by
enhancing their ability to harness inputs and management practices and
participate profitably in markets
IFDC in AfricaFor more than 25 years, our projects have assisted millions of smallholder farmers, helping to move
them away from subsistence farming. They are now agricultural entrepreneurs, able to actively
participate in local and regional agricultural trade.
• Toward Sustainable Clusters in Agribusiness through Learning in
Entrepreneurship (2SCALE) – DGIS/Netherlands
• Local Government Approach to the Agricultural Market (ACMA II) –
Netherlands Embassy/Benin
• Feed the Future Ghana Agriculture Technology Transfer Project (Feed the
Future Ghana ATT) – USAID/Ghana
• Enhancing Growth through Regional Agricultural Input Systems (EnGRAIS)
– USAID/West Africa
• Smallholder Agricultural Productivity Enhancement Program (SAPEP) –
Islamic Development Bank
• Scaling Up Fertilizer Deep Placement and Micro Dosing (FDP MD) –
USAID/Mali
• Toyota Tsusho Fertilizer Africa, Kenya (TTFA) – Toyota
• Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) – World
Bank/Nigeria
• Supporting Agricultural Productivity in Burundi (PAPAB) – Netherlands
Embassy/Burundi
• Integrated Seed Sector Development (ISSD) – Netherlands
Embassy/Burundi
• Resilient Efficient Agribusiness Chains (REACH-Uganda) – Netherlands
Embassy/Uganda
• Promotion of Nutrition-Sensitive Potato Value Chains in East Africa (PNSP-
Uganda) – GIZ/Uganda
• Food Security through Climate Adaptation in Mozambique (FAR-Sofala) –
Swedish Embassy/Mozambique
Abuja Fertilizer Summit 2006
Summary Indicator/Target
8 50 kg (nutrients)/ha in 2015
IFDC appointed by the African Union
(AU) to undertake technical
preparation and reporting:
• 12 technical background papers
• Technical facilitation
(program, speakers)
• Preparation of
Summit Proceedings
Accomplishments since Abuja
Progress
• Create sense of urgency:
Malabo Declaration
CAADP Compacts
• Exploitation of local deposits
• Change in government
policies
• Industry focus on Africa
• Investment in local capacity
• PPPs between governments,
industry, and development
partners
Monitoring
• NEPAD/CAADP data
• Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation (BMGF) Fertilizer
Dashboard
• AfricaFertilizer.org/IFASTAT
Implementation Status of Abuja Declaration on Fertilizers
Source: www.nepad-caadp.net, in Boosting Africa’s Soils - http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5532e.pdf
Indicator Status
Establishment of policy and regulatory frameworks Unsatisfactory
Capacity for quality control Satisfactory
Elimination of taxes and tariffs Unsatisfactory
Development of agro-dealer networks Satisfactory
Distance traveled to purchase fertilizers Good
Increase in the proportion of farmers using
chemical fertilizersGood
Increasing market sizePartially
Satisfactory
Introducing targeted subsidies Satisfactory
Introducing national financing facilities for importers
and agro-dealersGood
Introducing regional procurement initiatives Satisfactory
Improving access to complementary inputs Satisfactory
Establishment of the AFFM Satisfactory
Fertilizer application rate up ~1 kg/ha/yr by 2021
Data for SSA excluding South Africa
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2021
N P2O5 K2O
App
licat
ion
rate
(kg
nut
rient
s/ha
)
Source: IFA, Feb 2018
Average Application Rate Grows Steadily
Anticipated Relative Growth
2021/22
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
W. & C. Europe
North America
Oceania
East Asia
West Asia
South Asia
Lat. Am. & Carib.
E. Eur. & C. Asia
Africa +32%
Crop Land Expansion
2021/22
App
licat
ion
rate
(kg
/ha)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Fertilizer use Arable Land & Perm Crops
SS
A c
ropp
ed la
nd a
rea
(mill
ha)
Source: IFA, Feb 2018
59
19
32
CENTRAL AFRICA
N+ P2O5+K2O : 109 Kt
Share of SSA: 3%
SSA Consumed 3.7 Mt Nutrients in 2016
ZAF ETH NIG KEN
K20 126 5 59 15
P2O5 235 218 98 119
N 327 268 265 137
0
200
400
600
800
18%
13%
11%
7%
(kt nutrients)
Source: IFA, Feb. 2018
SSA at a Glance
3.7 Mt nutrients
o 2.0 Mt N
o 1.1 Mt P2O5
o 0.6 Mt K2O
2.0% of world demand
o 1.9% of N
o 2.4% of P2O5
o 1.6 of K2O
2016 Fertilizer Consumption EstimatesWESTERN AFRICA
N+P2O5+K2O: 1 220 Kt
Share of SSA: 33%
627329
264
EASTERN AFRICA
N+ P2O5+K2O : 1 109 Kt
Share of SSA: 30%
654
413
42
SOUTHERN AFRICA
N+ P2O5+K2O : 1 279 kt
Share of SSA: 34%
690371
217
Top-4: 50% share
• 6 countries: +31% in 2 years 2015 1.9 million tons
2016 2.0 million tons
2017 2.5 million tons
• Ethiopia + Kenya 86% of consumption growth
• Key drivers: National investments: subsidies
and programs for food crops
Private sector engagement
Donor/investor community
Tons products
-
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1 400 000
Ethiopia Kenya Tanzania Uganda Rwanda Burundi
Apparent Consumption 2015-2017 (tons)
2015 2016 2017
Source: FTWG / AfricaFertilizer.org
2015-2017 Consumption in Six Eastern African Countries
http://africafertilizer.org/production/
Production plants Blending plants New projects
Fertilizer Production and Blending Capacities are Booming
• NPK fertilizers dominate in SSA: Rarely meet complete nutrient
demands low return on investment.
• Multinutrient blends contain secondary and micronutrients (SMNs):
Additional 30%+ yield.
SMNs less expensive than NPKs.
• Fertilizer blenders can efficiently make targeted crop-specific blends.
0,41,0
2,8
3,72,72,0
1,7
0,82,2
1,2
1,21,6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
MaizeBurundi44 Sites
MaizeMozambique
17 Sites
MaizeRwanda North
17 Sites
MaizeRwanda East
59 Sites
Yie
ld, M
t h
a-1
Secondary/micronutrient yield increment
NPK yield increment
Control
Changes in the Market: NPKs to Multinutrient Blends
• Industry interest – investments in production (e.g., Morocco, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya); Africa “last frontier.”
• Renewed donor interest: USAID, AGRA, BMGF, AfDB, World Bank, IDB.
• Subsidies: Growth fastest in subsidized markets.
• Fertilizer Industry Association: B2B opportunities and policy advocacy.
• Alternative smallholder access-to-credit solutions:
One Acre Fund.
Commercial farmer associations.
Agri-food industry and local commodity sourcing.
• “Credit guarantees work” for importers, distributors, agro‐dealers (AFAP example).
Drivers for Change – Sub-Saharan Africa
• Policy and regulations: no harmonization; diverse standards are trade barriers.
• Subsidies: from blanket smart exit.
• Limited data: ag productivity, FUBC, market data.
• Capacity and coordination constraints, both public (extension) and private sector.
• Limited trade finance opportunities.
Opportunity
• Fertilizer Platform to guide public and private
investments to promote a competitive fertilizer sector.
What are the Gaps?
• President of Nigeria has offered AU to host next summit.
• Preparations take time: 12-18 months.
• Industry is interested if preparations are serious and if roles
of public and private sector are “balanced.”
• General consensus:
Not a fertilizer summit but a soil health summit. Focus moves from
Fertilizer Productivity Closing the Yield Gap.
Fertilizer industry to focus on “demand drivers” (urban food needs,
agri‐food industry, import substitution, etc.) requires broad
government/policy support.
• Closing the yield gap will be the mantra for the years to
come.
Moving Forward: Roadmap to Abuja II
THE BIG FOUR:Commitment to 100% Food and Nutrition Security
• Redesign subsidy model
• 50% of fertilizers blended
• Liming expanded
• Double irrigated cropland by 2022
• Improve credit access for inputs
• Warehouse receipt system for price stability
• Regulatory enforcement
Kenya Opportunity: The pieces are in place
Two quality lime suppliers
Four quality blenders, one manufacturer
Other quality suppliers of
multi-nutrient compounds
A liberalized fertilizer market, > 40 fertilizer products available to
farmersQuality
laboratory services (public
and private)
Port for easy fertilizer import
Solid research (national and international)
Outstanding implementing organizations
Cooperation and
communication
between stakeholders
is a necessity for rapid
progress.
Thank you!
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