DEHYDRATIONDEHYDRATION
Prof. Sultan Ayoub MeoMBBS, M.Phil, Ph.D (Pak), M Med Ed (Dundee), FRCP (London),
FRCP (Dublin), FRCP (Glasgow), FRCP (Edinburgh)Professor and Consultant, Department of Physiology and University
Diabetes Centre, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
Dehydration occurs when body does not have as much water and fluids as it needs. Dehydration is classified as mild, moderate, or severe
DEHYDRATIONDEHYDRATION
In average young adult male:
Body Composition
Body composition % of body weight
Protein, & related substances 18%
Fat 15%
Mineral 7%
Water 60%
Body Fluids
Fluid Compartments 60% of body weight
Extracellular Extracellular fluidfluid
(( 1/3)1/3) 33% of TBW33% of TBW
20% of body wt
Intracellular Intracellular fluidfluid
(( 2/3)2/3) 67% of TBW67% of TBW
40% of body wt
Interstitial Interstitial fluidfluid
75% of ECF75% of ECF 15% of body
wt
PlasmaPlasma 25% of ECF25% of ECF 5% of body
wt
Transcellular Transcellular fluidfluidCSFCSF
IntraoculaIntraocularr
PleuralPleuralPeritoneaPeritonea
llPericardiaPericardia
llSynovialSynovialDigestive Digestive secretionsecretion
ss
Body Fluids: Intake and Output
Factors affecting body fluids Water intake & output Age: - infant: 73% - elderly: 45% Gender: - adult male: 60% - adult female: 40-50% Obesity Climate Habits Level of physical activity
Dehydration: Causes
Not drinking enough water: Sore throat, mouth sores, difficulty swallowing, and/or a decreased thirst sensation (especially in older adults)Illness: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, pain, burnOverheated indoor / outdoor air: Mobility: Inability to get water: Old ageExcessive urine output: Uncontrolled diabetes, diureticsMedications: Laxatives, sedatives/sleeping pills/anxiety medicationsExcessive exercise, heat, humidity
Dehydration: Causes
Control of body fluids
Thirst Sweating Renal control (aldosterone) Neuronal (osmoreceptors, baroreceptors)
Control of body fluids
Control of body fluids: ADH Role
Control of body fluids
Control of body fluids
Dehydration Loss of water from the body, e.g. vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, & polyuria. Leads to in both ECF & ICF volumes. osmolarity in both ECF & ICF. General signs: - Dry tongue - loss of skin elasticity - soft eyeballs (due to lowering of intraocular tension) - blood pressure (if 4-6L loss) - Hb, & Hct (packed cell volume) Treated w fluid replacement (orally, or IV).
Dehydration
Dehydration: Clinical Features
Dehydration: Clinical Features
Dehydration: Clinical Features
Dehydration: Clinical Features
Dehydration: Adverse Effects
Dehydration: Adverse Effects
Dehydration: Adverse Effects
Dehydration:
Dehydration: Assessment and Management
Dehydration: Assessment and Management
Oral rehydration salts: ORS. A solution of glucose -based salt solution used in oral rehydration therapy. WHO and UNICEF recommend a single formulation of glucose-based ORS to treat or prevent dehydration
ORS solution contains 75 mEq/l of sodium and 75 mmol/l of glucose, and have a total osmolarity of 245 mOsm/l.
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