Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
1ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
EPFL – LITEPÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
Laboratory for Intermodality, Transport & Planning
Degradation Processes and Wear of Railway
Switches & CrossingsThe Swiss Experience
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
2ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
SBB network
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
3ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Problems with Switches & Crossings
- straight AND curve (with small radius)
- standard components AND specialcomponents
- moving parts
- high dynamic and concentrated loads
- component failure can lead to immediate accidents
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
4ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Deterioration and degredation (wear)
Parameters causing deterioration/degradation:
1. Train loads (speed, axle loads, amount of trains)
2. Train type3. Amount of trains in diverting direction4. Amount of actuations5. Real speed (not design speed)6. Sub-soil state7. Accuracy of placement
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
5ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Correlations
State of track geometry State of track material
Train loads on the
railway track
Maintenance and
renewal works
Restoration
Degradation
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
6ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Model 1
Switches & Crossings
(component) description
Train loads
Switch utilisation
Measurement data+ +
+ SBB expert knowledge specific for Switzerland (30% of curved switches)
=attribution of degradation and deterioration
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
7ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Model 2
= planning of - Optimisation of inspection and surveillance- Optimisation of maintenance and renewal
Works on S&C
+
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
8ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Degradation profile 1
To determine degradation and wear rate
Quality
1988 2005
Trend ?
Qmin
2008
Linear Progressive
Regressive Instantaneous
Time
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
9ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Degradation profile 2Quality
Qmin
Time?MGT?
Train speedV2>V1
V1V2
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
10ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
First steps, model 1
→ renewal age of complete S&C (1988-2005)To test following hypothesis:a) S&C incorporated in more important track types (more
and/or faster trains and/or heavier axle loads) will show higher deterioration rates than S&C in tracks with a lower density of trains or lighter trains;
b) Curved S&C have a shorter lifetime than S&C on plain track;
c) S&C with a smaller angle show less wear (i.e. a 1:15 switch will show less wear than a 1:9 switch).
SBB database “DfA”
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
11ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Importance of track load on wear
SBB database “DfA”
4.018.2double diamond
crossingHG1
4.323.8simple turnoutHG3
4.714.9simple turnoutHG2
2.713.7simple turnoutHG1
Standard deviation (years)
Average replacement age (years)
S&C typeTrack category
Conclusion: Track load has an effect on the wear
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
12ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Curved switches show more wear
SBB database “DfA”
3.013.8simple curved turnoutHG1
3.213.8simple straight turnoutHG1
Standard deviation (years)
Average replacement age (years)
S&C typeTrack category
Conclusion: The effect of curvature on switch degradation cannot be proven with this data set.
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
13ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
S&C with smaller angle show less wear
SBB database “DfA”
5.317.51:24
5.816.11:21.5
4.111.21:19
3.115.41:16
3.314.31:14
3.315.51:12
1.717.11:9
5.616.11:8
8.121.21:7
Standard deviation (years)Average replacement age (years)S&C angle
Nothing can be concluded
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
14ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Average replacement age
+ safety reason (e.g. more wear -> derailment)
+ technical reason (e.g. not servicable anymore, no spare parts)
+ economical reasons (maintaining it perhaps more expensive than replacing it)
+ reliability issues
+ etc.
⇒ Discussion necessary
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
15ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
The next stepsMore in-depth analyses for:Train parameters- Number of trains- Axle loads- Train speed- Train type- Direction of push-pull
trains
Track parameters- Subsoil quality- Installation quality- Other S&C properties
Not only for complete S&C but also for different components:point rails, check rails, sleepers, ballast, crossings
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
16ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
PhD Study
Model testing possibility:
1. Use an „old“ database (e.g. of 1997) with sufficient history (track loads, previous renewals);
2. Use the models to calculate the potential need for switch maintenance and (partial or complete) renewal for the period to 2007 (10 years) based on a track load scenario (these track loads might be the real
loads for the period 1997-2007);
3. Compare the calculated results with the actually carried out maintenance and renewal.
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg – Rail Tech Europe, Utrecht 27-29 March 2007Seminar 6: Switch Design & Maintenance
17ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUEFÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE
Thank you for your attention
Willem-Jan Zwanenburg
EPFL - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneENAC - Environnement Naturel, Architectural et Construit
LITEP - Laboratoire d'Intermodalité des Transports et de PlanificationStation 18, Bâtiment GC
CH - 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandPhone +41 21 693 63 01 Fax +41 21 693 50 60
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