D-Cell 60
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
Clinical HaematologyClinical Haematology & &
Cell CountingCell Counting
Prepared By IHSAN M. Said
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGYClinical haematology plays a primary role in
any laboratory. Haematological test are one of the first type ordered by the doctor to determine if his patient has any type of disease
To help you understand haematology we will look at what blood is, how it is best measured and what it looks like under the microscope
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGYCLINICAL HAEMATOLOGYVarious blood cells on a slideVarious blood cells on a slide
Eosiniphil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Neutrophil
Platelet
Basophil
Red Blood Cell
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
What is BloodWhat is Blood
Blood components Function
1. Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body
2. White Blood Cell (WBC) Fight Infection
3. Platelet (PLT) Stop bleeding
4. Plasma Transport RBC, WBC, PLT and act as a buffer to maintain body pH
Red Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells Platelets
Normal density 4.5 – 5.5 x1012 cells/l 5 – 10 x109 cells/l 150 – 450 x109 cells/l
Nucleated? No* Yes No
Sub-populationsand their %
RBC: 99.9%*NRBC (Nucleated RBC)0.1%
GRAnulocytes: 65%NEUtrophil: 60%EOSinophil: 4%BASophil: 1%
LYMphocytes: 30%MONOcytes: 5%
Shape, size Biconcave (donut) shape diameter: 7-8 µm thickness: 1.8-2 µm
GRAnulocytes: 13-16 µmLYMphocytes: 8-15 µmMONocytes: 15-25 µm
Fragments with adiameter of 2-4 µm
Volume of cell 80 – 100 fl 50 – 1500 fl (native) 5 – 15 fl
Volumetric % in whole blood 45 % 0.1 % 0.3 %
Cell composition of whole human blood
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
Red Blood CellsRed Blood CellsClinical RelevanceClinical Relevance
RBC Low in anaemia, high in polycythaemia & thalassaemia
Hgb Low in anaemia
Hct Low in anaemia, high in polycythaemia
MCV Low or high depending on abnormality
MCH Low or high depending on abnormality
MCHC Quality control parameter
RDW Low in thalassaemia, high in iron defidiency
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells5 Types5 Types
Lymphocytes Make antibodies and fight infections
Monocytes Help lymphocytes fight viruses
Granulocytes: Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil
Fight bacterial and protozoal infections Low in immunosuppressed patients , high in infection and leukaemias
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
Platelets Platelets Clinical relevanceClinical relevance
PLT count Low count may cause bleeding High count may cause vessel occlusion
MPV
Large platelets are more active than small platelets
Cell counting principle
White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell and Platelet are counted and sized by the Electrical Impedance Method.
D-Cell 60
DIAGON® Ltd.
D-Cell 60
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
Counting Principle
1.Volumetric Impedance Method
electrical Impedance Method
Cross section ofRBC aperture
Oscilloscope screen
RBCs
PLT
+ -
Passage of a RBC & Plt through aperture
Pulse from RBC
Pulse from PLT
DIAGON® Ltd.
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
Sensing Zone
Red Blood Cell
A red cell passes A red cell passes through RBC through RBC apertureaperture
The Counting principleThe Counting principle
OscilloscopeOscilloscope
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
Oscilloscope
Sensing Zone
Neutrophil
A White cell A White cell passes through passes through WBC apertureWBC aperture
Counting principleCounting principle
Oscilloscope
DIAGON® Ltd.
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
Applying ThresholdsApplying Thresholdsto separate Plt from RBCto separate Plt from RBC
20 fl
2 fl
Base line
RBC of various sizes
Platelets
DIAGON® Ltd.RBC Histogram
Normal Distribution Histogram in Normal samples
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
RBC histogram
RBC population
256 channel high resolution RBC histogram display cell population data between 24 and 350 fl
DIAGON® Ltd.Platelet Histogram
Normal Log Histogram in Normal samples
DIAGON® Ltd.WBC Histogram
3 Part Diff
WBC histogram
Lymphocyte Monocyte Granulocyte
256 channel high resolution WBC histogram display cell population data between 35 and 450 fl
DIAGON® Ltd.
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
WBC histogram
LympMono
Eos
Neut
Baso
D-Cell 60
DIAGON® Ltd.
02.04.2006 Dubai
HGB Measurement Method
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60
Fully automatic 3-part diff haematology analyser
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60
General Introduction:
Which parameters are determined?
What are the main features and specifications?
What makes D-CELL 60 convenient for the customer ?
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60 Parameters
3 p a r t d i f f , 1 9 p a r a m e t e r s Measured parameters• RBC, WBC, HGB, MCV, PLT Derived parameters• LYM#, MON#, GRN#, LYM%, MON%, GRN%
• HCT, MCH, MCHC, RDW-CV, RDW-SV• PCT, MPV, PDW
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60 FeaturesMeasuring system: Particle counting: Impedance methode
2 channels (RBC+PLT / WBC)
HGB measurement: Photometric methode (525 nm)
photometer incl. in WBC channel
3-part differentiation: derived from histogram
Direct volumetric system for determination of count volume
Throughput: 60 samples / hour
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60 FeaturesSampling system:
Open tube sampling: pipettor system Sample volume: 13 µl Pre-dilute mode: for capillary samples
diluent dispensing for 1st dilution step
sample volume: 20 µl
D-Cell 60 Features
Reagent system: Diluent: 31101 Diaton-D-Diluent (20 ltr.)
Lyse: 31102 Dia-Lyse-D (500 mL)
Detergent: 31103 Dia-Rinse-D (5 ltr.)
Enzymatic Cleaner: 31104 Dia-Clean-D (100 mL)
Probe-Cleaner: 31105 Dia-Probe-Clean-D (50mL)
Fill level monitoring for each reagent container
DIAGON®
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60 Features
• User Interface: 10“ Colour LCD screen, 256 colours Results and 3 histograms on one screen Numeric keyboard with 9 function keys External keyboard and barcode scanner optional Built-in thermo or external printer Data communication port Large internal memory (20.000 samples with histogram)
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60 Features
Quality Control- Control Blood data input / edit
- 9 separate files
- Each file stores 31 QC mesurment
- Graphical presentation ( 4 par. on one screen )
- Table presentation
X-B Analysis available (Dr. Brian Bull)- Monitoring MCH , MCHC and MCV
- Graph and Table
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60 FeaturesCalibration:
-Auto Calibration ( up to 5 measurements )-Manual Calibration
Data review-Several search options ( by name, data, ID …)-Review both results and histograms for each patient
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60 Benefits Low sample volume (13 µL ) Low reagent consumption High analytical precision Simple operation concept Efficient Throughput (60 sampls / hour) Large, bright colour LCD screen
DIAGON®
D-Cell 60 Benefits User convenience
- Only one key stroke to start measurement
- Simple, Windows oriented software structure
- Reagent containers with level sensor
- Minimized maintenance requirements
Powerful data management- Results and histograms on one screen
- 20.000 results incl. histograms in memory
- Efficient QC data management
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