CYA Intermediate Cruising
Jack DaleAdvanced CYA Instructor
#2066
Objective To be able to cruise safely in familiar
waters as both skipper and crew of a sailing yacht of 8 - 12 meters in moderate wind and sea conditions by day.
Emphasizes on-the-water skills at a level acceptable for bareboat chartering.
Prerequisites Basic Cruising Standard Recommended
First aid and CPR VHF ROC Coastal Navigation
Section IPlanning
Diesel Fuel System Fuel tank Water separator Fuel pump Fuel filter Injectors Return
Fuel Efficiency Fuel consumption
Diesel O.1 litres per horsepower per hour 56 hp = 5.6 liters per hour 400 litres Range @ 5 knots = 400 / 5.6 X 5 = 357 miles
Gasoline 0.3 litres per horsepower per hour 20 hp 6 litres per hour 100 litres Range @5 knots = 100/6 X 5 = 83 miles
Fuel Efficiency Affected by
Engine Tune RPM # of cylinders Prop type
Folding Feathering # of blades
Fuel Efficiency Affected by
Other factors Cleanliness of hull Dinghy
Towing (drag) On deck (windage)
Wind and current, sea conditions Steering Motorsailing
Fresh Water Requirements
Minimum – 2 litres (.5 US gallon) per person per day
Primarily drinking water Normal - 8 litres (2 US gallons) per person
per day Washing dishes, brief showers
Stored in tanks under berths and settees Use one tank at a time
Domestic Water System
Multiple tank systems has valves to prevent simultaneous use of tanks.Foot or hand pumps might also be used.
Seasickness Causes Mixed messages
Inner ear Eyes Other motion sensors
Worsened by Odours Alcohol Fatty foods Spicy foods Overheating
Seasickness Symptoms Drowsiness Nausea Clammy skin Pale skin Vomiting Dry heaves
Seasickness Prevention Avoid alcohol and coffee Avoid greasy food Get plenty of rest Avoid excessive time below
Navigating Cooking
Avoid discussions and thoughts of mal de mer
Seasickness Medication Meclizine (Bonine) Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) Transderm-Scopolamine Patch Side effects
Drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision
Take it before Trip (side effects) Onset
Seasickness – Non-medicinal Treatment Ginger ale (rehydrate) Dry crackers Focus on horizon Steer If incapacitated
Lie on centre line of cabin sole Close eyes
Clothing – Foul Weather Dress in layers Polypropylene underwear Fleece Watch cap Avoid cotton and wool Raingear
Breathable Welded seams
Clothing – Fair Weather Hat Cover ups UV protection Sunglasses (with retainer)
UV protection Gloves
Clothing – Footwear Sailing shoes
Grippy (gum rubber) Non-marking Quick drying
Sea boots Grippy Felt in-soles
Shore shoes Sandals Walking shoes
Packing Clothing Hanging space at a premium
Usually wet lockers Use soft bags Roll pants Organize clothes in laundry bags /
mesh organizers
Menu Planning Check galley
How many burners on stove? Oven? What pots and pans are on board? What containers?
Juice Storage
Barbeque? Propane or briquettes
Provisioning Three nutritious meals per day Snacks Water Beverages Herbs, spices and sauces Dietary requirements of crew
Stowing Provisions Beverages will stay cool if stored
under water line Dry stowage Longer voyages
Stowage plan Long lasting vegetables Turn eggs Remove labels and mark cans
Packing the Fridge First in – last out Coldest at bottom near freezer
plate Keep lettuce and salads way from
freezer plate
Minimizing Fridge Power Consumption Pre-freeze / pre-chill foods Keep fridge full Organize to minimize opening Top opening more efficient Block ice in bottom Beverages stowed below waterline (not
fridge) Extra insulation
First Aid Kits Take first aid and CPR Charter boats may not have
medications
First Aid Kit Contents Box Bandages
Gauze Elastic Adhesive Triangular
Sterile pads Thermometer Surgical tape First aid
manual
Medications Sun block and screen Sunburn lotion Burn cream Antihistamines Laxatives Antacid Diarrhea medication Analgesics Antiseptic lotion Antibiotic cream Personal medication
ScissorsTweezersSafety pinsGlovesCold packsAR shieldSplintsSpace BlanketEye wash kit
Engine Spare Parts Oil Oil filter Fuel filter Impellor(s) Belts Duct tape Electrical tape Fuses
Penetrating oil Transmission fluid Mechanics wire Wire ties Hose clamps Points, plugs,
condenser (gas) Gasket cement
Tools General
Crescent wrenches Box wrenches Vice grips Socket set Pliers Screwdrivers Hammer Allen keys
Sail and Rigging Marlinespike Rigging knife Sail maker’s palm Needles Sail thread Bolt cutter
Engine Checks Daily
Engine oil level Coolant level Belt tension Leaks under
engine Fuel level Bilge
Oil Fuel Propane
Weekly Transmission fluid Transmission
linkage Stuffing box Sea strainer Battery
connections
Clearing Customs and Immigration Into USA
Port of entry Skipper only ashore Boat
Registration # Name / length Cruising permit
Crew Names Addresses Nationalities
(passport) Place / date of birth
Clearance #
Into Canada Port of entry Skipper only ashore Boat
Registration # Name / length
Crew Names Addresses Nationalities
(passport) Place / date of birth
Clearance #
Clearing Customs and Immigration Pre- departure
Check requirements Departure clearance Crew documentation Vessel documentation
Import restrictions “Q” flag? Courtesy flag?
Section IILiving Aboard
Galley Safety Cooking underway
Stove gimbaled Be careful opening oven
Hand rail in front of stove Pots half full Pots clamped into place Wear foul weather pants Use harness in rough weather
Diesel / Kerosene Stove Fuel readily
available Safe Burner must be pre-
heated May produce soot if
not properly primed Must be vented Cannot be gimbaled
Alcohol Stove Cool, moist heat Not explosive unless
vapourized Readily available Must be primed Subject to flaring
Keep pan of water nearby
Fire extinguisher for large flares
Propane Stoves Readily available Inexpensive Efficient heat Heavier than air
Bottles must be in locker vented overboard
Properly installed “sniffer”
CNG Stoves Compressed
natural gas (2000 psi)
Bottle must be exchanged
Efficient heat Lighter than air Becoming more
available in North America
Electric Stoves Not common on
sailboats On some power
boats Requires higher
voltage (genset) Safe
Diesel Cabin Heaters Must be
exhausted through stack
Convenient fuel Must be primed
properly
Forced Air Cabin Heater Diesel fuel Be patient when starting
3 unsuccessful – service call
Individual cabin controls Use away from dock
Smelly exhaust Expensive to buy Hard to install post-
production
Hot Water Cabin Heating Diesel fuel May also be
heated by engine or electric heat
Individual cabin controls
Smelly exhaust1. Radiator 2. Expansion Tank 3. Warm Water Tank 4. Fuel Line
5. Water Circulation Pump 6. Water Heater 7. Exhaust Pipe
Electric Cabin Heating 110 volt High wattage Only practical at
dock
Electrical System Sources of 12 volt DC power Sources of 120 volt AC power Battery banks
Sources of 12 Volt DC Alternator Solar panels Wind generator
Sources of 120 Volt AC Shore power Genset Inverter
Battery Banks Normally 2 Banks
Engine starting battery – isolated May be smaller
House power Normally 2 or more batteries Deep cycle
Section IIIWeather
Thermal Generated Winds Land heats up faster than water Water cools slower than land Temperature and pressure
differences result in Breezes Clouds
Sea Breeze Lands heats
faster than water Pressure gradient
evolves Air rises over land Replaced by air
from sea
Land Breeze Land cools faster
than water Pressure gradient
results Air circulates Breezes result
Fair Weather Cumulus Clouds
Puffy cotton balls, flat grey bottom
Created by rising warm, moist air
Appear late morning Dissipate late
afternoon May develop into
cumulonimbus clouds (thunderstorms)
Fog Tiny water droplets
suspended in air Dew point
Radiation Fog Land radiates heat into space
Advection Fog Warm, moist air over cooler water
Frontal Fog Often associated with warm fronts
Sea Fog Steam fog (fresh
water) Sea smoke (salt
water) Cold air over much
warmer water 9º C difference
Radar Reflector Mount at least 4
meters high “Catch rain” position
for octahedral reflectors
Section IVSeamanship
Emergencies Four rules of preparation
Respect the boat Worst case scenarios
Prepare the crew Location and use of equipment Assign duties and chain of command Standing orders
Choose a safe route Prepare for emergencies
Practice
Running Aground It will happen! Procedures
All crew in PFDs Check crew safety Check vessel
integrity Check the tide
Float off Prepare for
falling tide
Heel the vessel Kedge off Sail or motor off Take a tow
Preparing for a Falling Tide Kedge anchor Heel boat
Mast to shore Secure items below Close hatches and ports Cushion hull
Avoiding Running Aground Know
Where you are Where you are going
Consult charts regularly Take a coastal navigation course In shallow water, use depth sounder or lead
line Be aware of tides and currents Avoid lee shores Post lookouts in narrow passes
Springing a Leak All crew in PFDs Start pumping Determine source
Look, smell and taste Fresh water
Water tank Leak from rain
Salt water Holed hull Through hulls Above water fixtures and seals
Holed Hull If on rocks, stay there! Collision mat (storm sail) Plug from inside
Tear out cabin sole and cabinets
Stuff cushions, rags, whatever
Hold in place with oars, planks
Pre-drilled marine plywood
Through Hulls Check flush lever
position in head Locate and check all
Loose or damaged hoses Close seacock Tighten or replace hose
clamps Broken seacock
Hammer in wood plug
Stuffing Box, etc Should drip occasionally If excessive flow
Tighten Pump grease into gland
Check prop shaft Check rudder post
Above Water Leaks Check ventilators and deck pipes Close and dog all hatches Inspect hull-deck join
Especially near chain plates) Check all deck fills Check mast partner and boot Clogged drains
Cockpit Anchor well
Avoiding Leaks Same measures to avoid running
aground Look out for objects in water
Deadheads Fill tanks slowly Inspect all hoses
Stainless hose clamps Anti-siphoning loops
Check and lubricate seacocks
Avoiding Leaks (2) Sacrificial anode on prop shaft Check prop shaft alignment Inspect stuffing box Check operation of bilge pumps Inspect hatches, ports and
ventilators Replace gaskets
Steering Failure Rig emergency tiller Steer with sails
Ease jib / harden main to head up Ease main / harden jib to bear away
Jury rig rudder Board lashed to spinnaker pole Pole lashed to backstay
Fouling a Propeller Stop engine immediately Gently tug on line
Pull out fuel stop Transmission in reverse “Stab” starter button
In calm waters Send diver to cut line
Mask, snorkel, fins Safety line
In rough water sail to calm anchorage
Collision With Another Vessel Check crew and vessel
Pan pan or Mayday as required All crew in PFDs Stay in proximity until
released by Other vessel Coast Guard
Exchange insurance information
Fire Shout “fire” All crew in PFDs Keep fire downwind Cut off fuel Use fire extinguisher
P.AS.S. method Prepare to abandon
2 minutes “Mayday”
P.A.S.S. Method Pull pin Aim at base of
fire Squeeze handle Sweep side to
side
Cooling Water Fails Shut off engine Check raw water seacock Check sea strainer Check hoses and hose clamps Check impeller Wait for engine to cool
Restart Blocked inlet
Raw Water Cooling Sea water is
drawn in via through hull
Circulates through engine
Discharged into exhaust
Fresh Water Cooling Coolant circulates
through engine and heat exchanger
Sea water circulates through heat exchanger
Sea water mixed with exhaust
Sea Strainer Close sea cock Remove top (1) Remove basket
and clean Clean body (2) Reassemble OPEN SEACOCK
Engine Failure in Anchorage Not safe to sail Anchor Boat hook Fenders Tow with dinghy
Engine Failure in Channel Issue “Pan Pan” Attempt to sail Keep anchor at ready Tow with dinghy
Recovering Crew Overboard Swim ladder (calm seas) Inflatable dinghy Lifting gear
Life sling Spare halyard Foresail Boom vang on boom end
Emergencies and VHF Mayday
Imminent danger to vessel or crew Pan Pan
Broken down Securité
Safety message
Components of Mayday Message
The distress signal MAYDAY The call sign of the station in distress Position (relative or geographical) Nature of distress and assistance required Vessel description The number of persons on board and injuries Other information that might facilitate rescue Vessel name
Anchoring
Using a Windlass READ THE MANUAL Switch off breaker
when not in use Engine running
(1000 rpm) Monitor the chain Clear with breaker
off Keep loose clothing,
etc.. clear
Avoid heavy strains on windlass
Use engine to move boat forward
Watch deck mounted switches
Use chain break Use snubber Use bursts
Fixed Dock Large Tides Fender board No breast lines Long spring lines
Weighted Boat tilted toward dock Support bow and stern
Mediterranean Moor Prepare
Stern lines Anchor rode
Fenders Both sides
Drop anchor 4 boat lengths
Set anchor Tie to dock or shore
Stern Tie
Thanks Faster
Breast Anchor Hold a boat away from dock Rode abeam of amidships Bridle from anchor rode to stern
cleat
Rafting Stagger spreaders
Clashing rigs One anchor – largest
boat in middle of raft Dragging anchor Fouled anchors
Lots of lines/fenders Hull damage
Break raft at night Prevent problems
spreading
Recovering Fouled Anchors Trip line Reversing engine Circling Weighted line Shifting crew
weight Using wave action
Trip Line Non-floating line
attached to eye in crown
Weights at 10 and 20 feet
Mooring ball If anchor fouls,
retrieve with trip line
Anchor Ball To be strictly
legal, vessels over 12 meters require an anchor ball
Copyright John R Pollard, used with permission
The Dinghy Hardshell / Inflatable At Night Under Way
Hardshell vs Inflatable Hardshell
May be less expensive
Less stable than inflatable
Easier to row May bang against
hull at night
Inflatable More expensive Harder to row Will take larger
engine More stable than
hardshell
Dinghy at Night Fenders between boat and
dinghy Spinnaker pole lashed to
stanchion Attach dinghy to end of pole
Bring on deck Secure to dock
Towing the Dinghy Ensure towing points on dinghy
are substantial Use floating line (polypropylene) Keep vessel and dinghy in sync
with waves Two wave lengths Remove transom plug Secure oars Store engine on vessel stern rail
Swimming Presence of wind / current Reboarding device Depth Swimming ability Predators Hazards
Operating the Marine Head Open Seacock; flush lever to
wet Pump to wet bowl
Flush lever to dry Do your thing Sitting 4 squares of paper
Flush lever to wet Pump until empty
Flush lever to dry Empty remaining water
Close lid; close seacock
Flush Lever
Pump
Precautions – Marine Head If it did not go through your digestive
system, it does not go into the head. Except small amounts of toilet paper
No Tissue Dental floss Feminine hygiene products
Be aware of holding tank capacity If pump pressure increases – stop
identify problem
Courtesies and Customs Permission to board Raft at dock
3 deep at government docks Crossing rafted boats
Foredeck Anchoring rights
First boat Keep clear of races
Flag Etiquette Ensign
1” per foot Stern or leach of aft sail
Courtesy flag .5” per foot Cleared customs Starboard spreader
halyard Club burgee
Mast head
Rendering Assistance A legal requirement
Canada Shipping Act and the Criminal Code of Canada
Watch for signals that indicate distress and need of assistance
Render assistance to every person who is found at sea and in danger of being lost .. without posing serious danger to their own craft and the persons on board
Stop and offer assistance when the operator is involved in an accident
Rope on a Boat Polypropylene
Floating line Dinghy painter
Dacron Little stretch Halyards, sheets
Nylon Stretchy Anchor rode, dock
lines
Sail Management Systems Main sail
Lazy Jacks Stackpacks In Boom Furling In Mast Furling
Foresail / Headsail Furling
Lazy Jacks Collects sail while lowering Battens may snag when lowering / raising Can be retracted to mast
Stackpack “Permanent” sail cover
Top opening Usually used with lazy jacks
In Boom Furling Main rolls into boom May use used with
battens that are parallel to boom
In Mast Furling Main rolls into
mast Can use vertical
battens Jam will prevent
sail from being lowered
Foresail / Headsail Furling Jib sheet unfurls sail Furling line furls sail Keep slight tension
on furling line when unfurling to prevent “bird’s nest.”
Jib Fairlead Position Controlling twist and depth of foot
Move car forward to open foot and close leech
Easing to go downwind Move car aft to close foot and open leech
Hardening to close hauled Specific guideline
All telltales should break together
Jib Fairlead Position
General guidelineSheet should be in line with middle of luff
Jib Fairlead Position (leech and foor shape) Jib lead aft moves the draft in the top of the
sail forward and moves the draft in the bottom of the sail aft. With the lead aft, the leech is loose and foot is tight.
Jib lead forward moves the draft in the top of the sail aft and moves the draft in the bottom of the sail forward. The leech is tight and the foot is loose.
The correct jib lead position distributes draft evenly in the sail and the tension on the leech and foot are relatively equal.
Job Fairlead Position (luff) Jib leads can be located by observing
which portion of the sail begins to luff first. Luffing in the upper portion means that the
lead should be moved forward. Too much twist.
Luffing in the lower portion requires the lead point to be moved aft. Too little twist.
Mainsail Trim Halyard tension Mainsheet tension Boom Vang tension Outhaul tension Backstay / baby stay
tension Cunningham tension Traveller position
Traveller
Mainsheet
Mainsail Halyard Tension Controls draft in mainsail Do not take headboard past the
black line near top of mast Harden luff to move draft forward About 50% draft
Mainsheet Tension Controls twist in
leech Controls angle of
attack beyond traveller
Guideline Harden mainsheet
until top batten is parallel with boom
Boom Vang Tension Controls twist after
mainsheet is at end of traveller
Set tension after mainsheet tension is set
May be used to depower main when sailing downwind
Traveller Position Used to set angle of attack of mainsail Guideline
Set traveller so that the boom is amidships when close hauled
When bearing away ease until main luffs and harden slightly
Bottom two telltales on main battens should stream
Top telltale streaming more than ½ time
Section VNavigation
The Ship’s Compass Points to magnetic
north (sort of) Subject to annual
changes Subject to
deviation Magnetic
disturbances on the boat
Relative to bearing
Variation Difference between
true north and magnetic north
North pole and magnetic pole differ
Annual change Found on compass
rose Varies globally
Compass Rose 004 1/2°W 1985 (8' E) 4.5º West variation in
1985 8’ annual change Current variation 3ºW
8 X 20/60 = 2.7 º change 4.5 – 2.7 = 1.8 Subtract when annual
change and variation directions differ
Add when same
Deviation Difference between ship’s compass and
magnetic bearing Ferrous metal affects magnetic field on
vessel Relative to vessel’s heading Found on deviation card / table No deviation in hand bearing compass
Working Deviation TableMagnetic Deviation Compass Magnetic Deviation Compass
000 5 W 005 180 5 E 175
015 6 W 021 195 6 E 189
030 6 W 036 210 6 E 204
045 6 W 051 225 7 E 218
060 5 W 065 240 6 E 234
075 5 W 080 255 6 E 249
090 5 W 095 270 5 E 265
105 4 W 109 285 4 E 281
120 2 W 122 300 2 E 198
135 0 135 315 0 315
150 2 E 148 330 2 W 334
165 4 E 161 345 4 W 349
Deviation Card Created by
Compass compensator
Self Checked using
ranges or transit
Accounting for Variation and Deviation Helm reads the ship’s compass Navigator works in true Navigator makes conversions
Correcting Compass to True
Uncorrecting True to Compass
Compass to True Conversions
Correcting Memory Aid Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections
Correcting Compass heading +/- Deviation = Magnetic
heading +/- Variation = True heading Add East
Converting True to Compass
Uncorrecting Memory Aid True Virgins Make Dull Company At Weddings
Uncorrecting True heading +/- Variation = Magnetic
heading +/- Deviation =Compass
heading Add West
Correcting Examples
Compass
Deviation
Magnetic
Variation
True
124 16°W
253 12 °W
165 17 °E
337 13 °E
Uncorrecting Examples
True Variation
Magnetic
Deviation
Compass
017 13 °E
073 11 °W
206 9 °E
268 21 °W
Time, Speed, Distance Distance
Measured in nautical miles One mile equals 1 minutes of
latitude 1.15 statute miles (6080 feet) 1.85 kilometers
Speed Measured in knots (nautical miles per
hour) Time
Measured in minutes
The Formula 60D = ST Distance times 60 equals speed
times time D=(ST)/60 S=60D/T T=60D/S
Guidelines
Speed 1 knot 2 knots 3 knots 4 knots 5 knots 6 knots
Time to travel 1 mile 60 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes 15 minutes 12 minutes 10 minutes
Examples1) You have been on route for 4 hours and
20 minutes at a speed of 6 knots. How far have you travelled?
2) You need to get to Porlier Pass (20 miles away) by 1500. At what time should you depart, if your speed 6 knots?
3) You leave Sidney for Ganges, a distance of 15 miles. You arrive 4 hours later. What was your speed?
Answers1. D=ST / 60
6 X 240 /60 = 26 miles
2. T=60D /S60 X 20 / 6 = 200 minutes (3h 20m)Depart at 1140
3. S=60D / TS=60D / T60 X 5 / 240 = 3.75 knots
Colregs
International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at
Sea
Application (Rule 1) All vessels upon the high seas All waters connected to the high seas
navigable by seagoing vessels Shall not interfere in the operation of
special rules made by an appropriate authority (Victoria – seaplane aerodrome)
Traffic separation schemes (rules differ)
Responsibility (Rule 2) Shall not exonerate any vessel, or
the owner, master, or crew Required by the ordinary practice
of seamen Due regard shall be had to all
dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances
Definitions (Rule 3) Read carefully May be counter-intuitive
Vessel Every description of watercraft Including non-displacement craft
and seaplanes Used or capable of being used as a
means of transportation on water
Power-driven vessel any vessel propelled by machinery
Sailing Vessel Any vessel under sail
provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used
Vessel Engaged in Fishing any vessel fishing
with nets, lines, trawls, or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability
not trolling lines
Not Under Command A vessel which through some
exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these Rules
Broken rudder No propulsion
Restricted in Ability to Maneuver
A vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver
Unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Example Cable laying Minesweeper Towing Dredging Aircraft carrier
Underway A vessel
not at anchor not made fast
to the shore not aground
In Sight Vessels shall be deemed to be in
sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.
Restricted Visibility Visibility is restricted by
fog mist falling snow heavy rainstorms sandstorms any other similar causes.
Wing in Ground-effect Boat with wings that
cruises just above the water surface
Floating on a cushion of relatively high-pressure air between its wing and the water surface.
Look Out (Rule 5) Every vessel shall at all times
maintain a proper look-out by sight by hearing by all available means appropriate make a full appraisal of the situation
and of the risk of collision
Safe Speed (Rule 6) All Vessels
Visibility Traffic density Stopping distance and
turning ability Background light State of wind, sea and
current Proximity of
navigational hazards Draft
Equipped with Radar Characteristics,
efficiency and limitations of equipment
Radar range scale Sea state, weather and
other sources of interference
Objects may not be detected
Number, location and movement of vessels
Risk of Collision (Rule 7) Shall use all available means appropriate Radar shall be used if fitted and operating Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of
scanty information Determining risk of collision
Compass bearing does not change substantially May still exist if change is substantial
Large vessel, tow, or close range
Avoiding Collision (Rule 8) Alter speed, alter course or both “Make it big and make it early” Due regard to good seamanship Avoid close calls until the other vessel is finally past
and clear Avoid creating another collision
situation
Narrow Channels (Rule 9) Keep as far to starboard as possible Vessels of 20 m or less and sailboat
shall not impede larger vessels Do not cross if you will impede Use appropriate sounds
Overtaking Bends or obscured vision
Avoid anchoring
Traffic Separation (Rule 10) Use correct lane Joining / leaving
Termination Small angle
Avoid crossing 90
Rules change
Application Rules for Section II apply to
unrestricted visibility
Sailing Vessels (Rule 12) Opposite tack Port tack gives way to starboard
tack
Sailing Vessels (Rule 12) Same tack Windward gives
way to leeward (same tack)
Close-hauled, starboard tack is almost always stand-on
Sailing Vessels (Rule 12) If on port tack and you are
uncertain of other vessel’s tack – keep out of the way
Tack determined by position of boom Port tack – main boom on starboard Starboard tack – main boom on port
Overtaking (Rule 13) Overtaken vessel – stand on Overtaking vessel – give way Pass to either side Keep clear of the overtaken vessel
until finally past and clear
Head –0n (Rule 14) Power-driven Alter course to
starboard Pass port – to –
port
Crossing Situation (Rule 15) Power-driven Give way to vessel on
starboard “Vessel on right is right”
Action by Give Way Vessel (Rule 16) Alter course Alter speed Alter course and speed “Do it big and do it early”
Action by Stand-on Vessel (Rule 17) Maintain course and speed May have to avoid collision if give
way does nothing Avoid altering course to port
Responsibilities between Vessels (Rule 18)
Over Night Room For Sale Plus Snacks & Whisky
Overtaken (Rule 13) Not under command Restricted in Ability to
Maneuver Fishing Sailboat Powerboat Seaplane WIG – taking off
Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility (Rule 19) Safe speed with engine(s) ready When using radar
Avoid altering course to port forward of beam
Avoid altering course towards vessels abeam or abaft the beam
Fog signal forward of beam Slow down and navigate carefully until risk
of collision is over
Sounds Signals (Rules 32-37) Definitions
Short blast – one seconds Prolonged blast – 4 to 6 seconds
Requirements Under 12 meters – whistle (horn) 12 meters and over – whistle and bell
Maneuvering and Warning Signals
1 short blast 2 short blasts 3 short blasts 5 short blasts
May also be light flashes
Altering course to starboard
Altering course to port Operating astern
propulsion Your intentions are
unclear
Overtaking Signals 2 long, 1 short
2 long, 2 short
1 long, 1 short, 1 long, 1 short
I intend to overtake on your starboard
I intend to overtake on your port
I am in agreement with your intentions
Sound Signals –Restricted Visibility
1 prolonged blast 2 prolonged blasts 1 prolonged, 2 short
Each signal within 2 minutes
Moving (under power)
Not moving Almost all others
Distress Signals
Distress Signals
Radar Reflectors (Rule 40) Required if
Under 20 meters, or Non-metallic construction
Mounted 4 meters above waterline Strong return
Blue Flashing Light (Rule 45)
Government ship Providing
assistance Engaged in law
enforcement Adheres to Steering
and Sailing Rules
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