CURRENT GEO HTS SYSTEMS 35th AIAA ICSSC Colloquium: High Throughput Satellite (HTS) Broadband Opportunities: Orbits, Architectures, Interference and Markets
Sonya Amos
Eutelsat Proprietary
CURRENT GEOSTATIONARY HTS SYSTEMS
Since 2005 Satellite Operators have been benefiting from the advantages offered by High Throughput Satellite systems
Over 80 systems in orbit or in procurement, delivering approximately 3.5 Tbps of throughput
As technologies, requirements and
systems evolve, HTS systems continue to innovate, finding cost-effective solutions that satisfy diverse applications
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HTS SYSTEM ADVANTAGES
CURRENT GEO HTS SYSTEMS: ADVANTAGES
High frequency reuse via
multiple small spotbeams
High throughput, spectrum
efficiency, beam & data connectivity
Wide-ranging capabilities & applications
Large geographical
reach leading to global coverage Low cost per
bit
Eutelsat Proprietary
4 Eutelsat Proprietary
GEOSTATIONARY HTS CAPACITY EVOLUTION
2017: SES 12, 14, 15 ViaSat-2, Thor 7, NBN, GX F2 & 3, Turksat 4B
2017: 2144Mbps
Capacity
2005: iPSTAR, Spaceway, Anik F2 2005: 70Mbps
2010: KA-SAT, Hylas 1
2015: Thor 7, NBN, GX F2 & 3, Turksat 4B
2010: 227Mbps x3 amount of capacity
2015: 834Mbps x 10 amount of capacity since 2005
Year
Further 1.5Tbps in procurement
Eutelsat Proprietary
RAPID EVOLUTION IN HTS THROUGHPUT
Available capacity has evolved over the years Current Geo HTS systems:
Years
If we include capacity in procurement scale starts to change as we see the impact of VHTS systems
TH
RO
UG
HPU
T M
bps
6 6 Eutelsat Proprietary
KA-BAND AND BROADBAND CONTINUE TO DOMINATE
Total HTS capacity Split by frequency band (in Gbps)
Total HTS capacity Split by main application (in Gbps) • Largest growth expected in
2017, where HTS capacity will double over one year
• Ka-band will continue to be the preferred band for HTS systems, mainly for broadband services
* CAGR
7123266216
2017 2018 2016
1 883
1 610 (86%)
1 677
1 461 (87%)
877
755 (86%)
1 854 (86%)
2 166
306 (14%)
+35%*
2019
C Ku Ka
2019
2 166
650 (30%)
1 516 (70%)
2018
1 883
567 (30%)
1 316 (70%)
2017
1 677
472 (28%)
1 205 (72%)
2016
877 281
(32%)
596 (68%)
+91%
+14%
Non-Broadband
Broadband
Source: Eutelsat
7 7 Eutelsat Proprietary
CONTINUED STIMULATED GROWTH OVER NEXT THREE YEARS
Total HTS capacity Split by region (in Gbps)
• By 2019 almost 50% of HTS supply will be in North America and Latin America
• An extreme increase is expected from 2020 with next-gen HTS systems such as Viasat-3
* CAGR
290
691 711 721
308 353 364
278137
154
173
104101100
55
24
112
129118119
111
3218
8
8
8
23
42
125
+35%*
2019
2 166
92 66
73
79 64
2018
1 883
70 61
74 61
2017
1 677
38
2016
51
877
51
32 47
88 46 72 95
24
OP
SEA
NEA
China
SA
SSA
MENA
RCA
CEU
WEU
LATAM
NAM
2023
≃ 12,000**
**Includes constellations
Source: Eutelsat
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THE KEY TYPES OF CAPACITY
Widebeam HTS Access HTS Data
System Architecture Open Few Gateways are serving several
(5-10) beams = Star topology (access)
Interconnected beams
Network End customer defined Operator-defined End customer defined
Type of Usage Versatile Star & Meshed Networks
Provide IP access to consumers through Gateways connected to
the Internet Backbone
Data: Interconnection of terminals distributed among several beams
Frequency Band C, Ku-bands Minimal Frequency Reuse
Mostly Ka-band Frequency Reuse High Efficiency
C, Ku & Ka bands Frequency Reuse High Efficiency
Satellite Technology Simple Complex Complex + Processor
Capacity (Gbps) Cost
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However, as technology evolves, the line is becoming less distinct as systems capitalise on technological innovations
Eutelsat Proprietary
APPLYING TO A VARIETY OF MARKETS
Characteristics Main market Main objective Examples
High Capacity HTS
• High number of Spots • Frequency plan maximizing
frequency reuse • S/C design driven by available RF
power and accommodation • Typically star network
• Consumer broadband, SoHo, SME
• Professional
• Cost per bit as low as possible
• Ka-Sat, • Viasat, Wildblue
Flexible HTS • Cross-connectivity between spots • Bandwidth and EIRP flexible per
spot • Flexibility in down-link coverage
• Uncertain and heterogeneous markets
• Mobility
• Provide bandwidth for a lower price than traditional FSS systems while keeping commercial flexibility to adapt to customers’ needs and evolution thereof
• Epic, • Global Xpress, • Hylas, • Spaceway
Traditionally capacity could be split into two main applications serving distinct markets:
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EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF KA-SAT
Video Surveillance of Remote Sites
Broadband for Trucks Backhauling and Back-up for PMR infrastructure
Redundancy for Terrestrial Infrastructure
Temporary Broadband Links For Disaster recovery
Connection for Remote Sensor Networks
Eutelsat Proprietary
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Classical satellites providing shaped coverages over specific regions are not ‘simple’ to manufacture & provide a vital role for key markets Example waveguide routing from
classical Widebeam satellite
But compared to HTS satellites they are certainly less complex! KA-SAT waveguide
EVOLUTION IN COMPLEXITY
Eutelsat Proprietary
Eutelsat Proprietary
DIFFERENT SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERING APPROACHES
KA-SAT ViaSat-1 & 2 Global Xpress EPICNG
Broadband Broadband Mobility Professional data & mobility
- Consumers - Business
- Consumers - Business
- Maritime - Aeronautical service provider
- Telcos - Corporate Networks
- Maritime - Aeronautical service provider
Very low cost per bit Very low cost per bit Flexibility introduced into Viasat 2 Global coverage Backward compatible (Ku)
Adaptable to customer needs
13 Eutelsat Proprietary
KA-SAT & EUTELSAT 36C
Eutelsat’s HTS systems offer a variety of services for differing coverages and applications
Accommodation constraints are leading to single aperture solutions Eutelsat’s HTS systems are designed to match their market, applications and optimise satellite resources
KA-SAT: EVOLUTION IN HTS systems with HIGH CAPACITY OVER EUROPE from dedicated satellite
EUTELSAT 36C PROFILED COVERAGE OVER RUSSIA
Single Feed Per Beam Antenna Technology Multi-Feed Per Beam Technology, reducing antenna footprint*, optimised antennas for frequency bands
*R. Gehring et al, “Trade-off for overlapping feed array configurations,” ESTEC 2007
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EUTELSAT 3B
Meshed system providing over Earth steerable coverage
Allows Inter & Intra spot and mixed connectivity
Eutelsat Proprietary
Relatively simple payload design Compact antenna design Coverage flexibility
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EUTELSAT 65 WEST A & AFRICA BROADBAND SATELLITE
EUTELSAT 65 West A and Africa Broadband satellite are systems that offer broadband coverage to geographically disperse regions EUTELSAT 65 West A:
Launched March 2016 Combines HTS mission with C-band & Ku-band payloads Ka-band Single Feed Per Beam antenna array over diverse beams
serving most densely populates areas of Brazil & Latin America
In procurement by Thales and due for launch in 2019, the Africa Broadband satellite is a dedicated mission that will offer operational flexibility and accelerate the broadband connectivity across the African continent.
Eutelsat Proprietary
EUTELSAT 65 West A manufactured by SSL/MDS
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KU-BAND: EUTELSAT 172B & EUTELSAT QUANTUM
Software reconfiguration Whilst not designed as a HTS specific system, technologies and
functions on Eutelsat Quantum translate to HTS and VHTS systems. Flexible Uplink and Downlink antennas combined with Beam Forming
Networks, flexible pool of power and spectrum make it ideal for covering and reconfiguring over diverse regions, respond to changing requirements or peak surges Beam hopping, geolocation and interference mitigation make it
applicable to a variety of applications
Eutelsat Proprietary
Power flexibility for mobility markets Utilising a multi-port amplifier & 3 small array fed
reflectors provides a powerful & dynamic Ku-band mission for aeronautical routes over the Pacific
EUTELSAT QUANTUM: Beam hopping examples, where technology transfers to (V)HTS systems
EUTELSAT Quantum manufactured by ADS EUTELSAT 172B manufactured by ADS
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HTS & VHTS SYSTEMS: KEY POINTS MOVING FORWARD
18 Eutelsat Proprietary
APPLYING TO A VARIETY OF MARKETS
As we move forward, HTS systems continue to evolve.
Dynamic reallocation of resources: Bandwidth moved in real time Capacity redistribution reflecting high demand regions
High gain spot beams: Enable the development of smaller user terminals and therefore new opportunities More resilient to jamming with improved link budgets, increased roll-off
Reducing the cost per bit: High throughput Reduced satellite costs Ground segment optimisation
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Ongoing quest for lower service cost. Larger systems help. VHTS designs typically have regional coverages with capacity of many hundreds of Gbps & hundreds of spots System spectrum for terminals must be maximised especially for the FWD link Gateway site diversity required
New technological challenges & developments are emerging Phased array antennas break the relationship between # HPAs & # of spots Increasing capacity density = larger antennas 5m reflector => 0.2° spot size , requiring pointing and tracking accuracy of such small beams Antennas are becoming a driving element in the system
Q/V-Band: Utilising higher frequencies will free up Ka-band spectrum in favour of users Significant effort has been put into advancing propagation knowledge of operating at higher frequencies
and developing technology to a reasonable TRL Beam hopping: Beam-hopping techniques deliver considerable flexibility in the allocation of capacity
VHTS SYSTEMS
Matching geographic capacity demand to available system capacity remains a challenge It is essential that as much as possible of the available capacity can be commercially exploited
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ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
Market Payload Features Enabling Technologies
Consumer Broadband
Larger Bandwidth Q/V-bands
Smaller Spot size Larger antenna reflectors
Wideband operation Ka-band LTWTA
Higher Output power Increased Ka TWT/ Q TWT
Beam-hopping architecture SFPB/MFPB
Reconfigurable antennas
Professional data & Mobility
Flexible coverage
Flexible bandwidth management
On-board processor Cross-connectivity between beam
Flexible power management
Multi-Port Amplifier, Flexible TWTA, Active antenna
Multi-port Amplifiers, MPA’s, facilate power management on a beam or coverage basis.
The use of Digital Transparent Processors, (DTP), enables optimisation of spectrum to the business case and adapting to heteregenous traffic profiles
Hybrid solutions that combine analogue & digital attributes are becoming more attractive as operators look to combine flexibility and performance
Future HTS systems will rely on a suite of technologies and systems, on the satellite and on ground to meet cost-per-bit requirements
Some technologies overlap and enable further flexibility and functionality
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Beam-hopping techniques deliver considerable flexibility in the allocation of capacity. Combining beam hopping capabilities with Multi Feed Per Beam antenna configurations could minimise the on-board antenna real estate.
ENABLING FUNCTIONALITIES
The flexibility & approach is application based: E.g. Eutelsat Quantum = allocation of capacity in response to geographical demand. E.g. (V)HTS applications have a fixed coverage set of beams and the fill factor is maximised within this definition In both cases the capacity is optimised to the User requirements/geographical definition. Beam hopping can be particularly useful for areas of dense population and high capacity requirements where hopping of nearest neighbouring beams can improve the C/I.
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CONCLUSION
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HTS MEANS IP EVERYWHERE, ANYWHERE & has seen distinct evolutions
GEO SATELLITES WITH HTS SYSTEMS CONTINUE TO
INNOVATE & OFFER COST-EFFECTIVE
SOLUTIONS
GEO SATELLITES PROVIDE GLOBAL
COVERAGE TO DISPERSE
REGIONS WITH HIGH DATA
RATES
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Thank you for your attention
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