Understand the provisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988
Understand the need for and use of License agreements
Understand the provisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1998
Understand the need for and use of License agreements
ALL WILLRemember the definition of copyright and the different types of licensing
MOST SHOULDIdentify what is covered under the CDPA and other types of licenses
SOME COULDDiscuss problems with the CDPA and software licensing
EVIDENCEQ&A
EVIDENCENotes
EVIDENCEDiscussion
Objectives: Outcomes:
Copyright Law Software and copyright Licensing Software Piracy Copyright and the Internet
Copyright gives certain legal protection to authors of materials
Originally intended for books, sheet music, photographs etc.
In the U.K. it is covered by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
This is the U.K. form of the Intellectual Property Rights (IRP) legislation which exist in most countries
The legislation exists to both
◦Ensure people are rewarded for the endeavours
◦Give protection to the copyright holder if there is an infringement
Musical works - of all kinds
Interesting development in the last few years:http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-14882146
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15333892
Dramatic works - not only plays but adverts etc. Artistic works – photograph, sculpture, including crafts e.g. jewellery Sound recordings - discs, tapes, CDs, mp3’s etc. Film recordings - on all media Broadcasts - both audio and video Cable broadcasts - e.g. cable TV programmes Typographical arrangements - e.g. e-books, web pages (of text) etc.
Literary works - includes books, poetry, computer programs
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/3
◦What do you think are the problems with this act?
◦Multimedia not specifically covered◦Computer graphics cause particular problems◦ ‘Look and feel’ - difficult to prove that software is a copy◦ ‘Reverse engineering’ - write a computer program so that
it looks the same but uses different code
Copying of pictures, sound files, music is rife esp. With P2P networks
Many believe, mistakenly, that internet is copyright free.
Only large companies have resources to pursue claims e.g. Getty
http://goo.gl/Ffr5K http://goo.gl/Rzybl
The infrastructure we provide consists of a set of copyright licenses and tools that create a balance inside the traditional “all rights reserved” setting that copyright law creates.
Our tools give everyone from individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, standardized way to keep their copyright while allowing certain uses of their work — a “some rights reserved” approach to copyright
This makes their creative, educational, and scientific content instantly more compatible with the full potential of the internet
A software licensing agreement is a legal contract between the software producer and the user that sets out how the piece of software may be used.
When software is bought you do not own it, you only have a license to use it.
NEVER say in an answer that you are not allowed to copy software – this is not true (you can copy it to back it up or to give it someone else if the license covers this)
Single-user licence◦Allows a copy of the software to be installed on one
machine◦Might specify ‘one copy may be in use at one time’ –
install on two machines
Multi-user licence◦Allows an organisation to install the software package on
an agreed number of machines◦Costs less as several single-user licences
Site Licence◦ Allows the user to purchase a single copy of the software with
permission to install it on all the computers at a single location.◦ Common in education sector
Licence by use◦ Allows the software to be installed on a large number of stand
alone computers.◦ However, only an agreed number of users are allowed to run the
software at any given time.
Network Licence◦One copy of the software stored on the file server◦An agreed number of users e.g. 10◦Software accessible to all computers e.g. 100◦However, when the 11th person tries to use the software,
access will be denied
Multi user licence - can be used by a set number of people
Site licence - can be used on all computers on one site e.g. a school
Academic licence - for students and teachers, usually single user
Education licence - for schools, colleges; cheap, multi user
Shareware - have to pay for updates, support, sometime time limited
Freeware - no cost at all Charity ware - donation to charity encouraged Post card ware - send a postcard to the author Free software movement - encourages freeware
authors
Essentially the copying of software without an appropriate licence
Multi £ billion business esp. in Far East e.g. all major graphics programs - normal cost ~£6, 000 - pirate copy £5
In UK and USA video games (on CD) very popular CD-R and Internet (P2P networks) has made this
process very easy
At basic level ◦Serial no.◦ legal protection (copyright act)
More advanced◦Dongles◦Electronic copy protection - code scrambler◦Regionalisation e.g DVD
◦ http://www.ehow.com/about_5403872_problems-copyright-internet.html
Systems do not work◦Copyright act - legal mine field◦Serial No. - web site specialise in publishing serial No.s
for popular software◦Dongles - reverse engineering of device◦Electronic methods - broken within hours of publication◦Regionalisation - code breakers widely available
Software piracy will remain major problem Internet (peer-to-peer networks) and CD-R
increase the problem Piracy keeps software prices high Encourages more piracy - catch 22
UK Legislation website about Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/contents The UK Copyright Service - Intellectual property registration centre http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/ Information about copyright designs and Patents Act 1988 http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-applies/c-literary.htm
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