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Concentrating PhotovoltaicsConcentrating Photovoltaics
Andrew BlakersAndrew Blakers
DirectorDirector
Centre for Sustainable Energy SystemsCentre for Sustainable Energy Systems
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Solar energy is specialSolar energy is special
VastVast100 times larger that all other energy sources100 times larger that all other energy sources
UbiquitousUbiquitousEveryone has itEveryone has it
We will never go to war over solar energyWe will never go to war over solar energy
No use to terroristsNo use to terrorists
Minimal environmental impactMinimal environmental impact
InexhaustibleInexhaustibleUses only very common materialsUses only very common materials
Available over unlimited timescalesAvailable over unlimited timescalesPV and solar thermalPV and solar thermal -- natural partnersnatural partners
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Sunlight inSunlight in
AustraliaAustralia
Supply all of Australias and the worlds electricity
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Global Photovoltaic SalesGlobal Photovoltaic Sales
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Shipments(MW
)
20 months
30 months
Industry doubling times
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Setting the sceneSetting the scene
PV doubling sales every 20 monthsPV doubling sales every 20 months
NonNon--concentratorconcentrator -- dominatesdominatesMicro, small, largeMicro, small, large
Urban or central power stationUrban or central power stationTracking or nonTracking or non--trackingtracking
CPV (concentrator PV)CPV (concentrator PV)minor playerminor playerPower tower, dishes, troughs, microPower tower, dishes, troughs, micro
40% reduction in PV price over 200840% reduction in PV price over 2008--0909
Price pressure on CPV and CSTPrice pressure on CPV and CST
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HermannsburgHermannsburg
Courtesy: Solar Systems
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PV troughPV trough
ANUANU
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Solfocus Concentrix
Micro concentratorsMicro concentrators
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CPV~CSTCPV~CST
ANU
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PV or thermal power towerPV or thermal power tower
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CPVCPV
Sun tracking requiredSun tracking required Only direct beam sunlight can be usedOnly direct beam sunlight can be used
Direct beam = 50 to 90% of insolationDirect beam = 50 to 90% of insolation
Specialist solar cells neededSpecialist solar cells needed >100 suns, 2 axis tracking: III>100 suns, 2 axis tracking: III--V tandem cellsV tandem cells
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Silicon concentrator cellSilicon concentrator cell2020--25% efficient @ 30 suns25% efficient @ 30 suns
Cell fingers
Cell tabs
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GaInP/GaInAs/GeGaInP/GaInAs/Ge 33--junction solar celljunction solar cell
NREL: 40.8%Fraunhofer ISE: 41.1% @ 454 sunsSpectrolab: 41.6% @ 240 suns
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Fresnel micro concentratorsFresnel micro concentrators
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Fresnel micro concentratorsFresnel micro concentrators
H b id PV/th l t h t tH b id PV/th l t h t t
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Hybrid PV/thermal trough concentratorHybrid PV/thermal trough concentrator
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Micro concentratorsMicro concentrators
PV-thermal hybrid systems on building roofs
Solar electricity from solar cells
Solar heat at the point of use
Solar hot water
Solar heatingSolar cooling
70% combined efficiency
Complete home energy solution
P t t R i l t d ith PMDS ili
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Prototype Receiver - encapsulated with PMDS silicone
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
Voltage (V)
C
urrent(A)
19.9%19.9%EfficiencyEfficiency
0.710.71Fill FactorFill Factor
2.92.9Open Circuit Voltage (V)Open Circuit Voltage (V)
1.71.7Short Circuit Current (A)Short Circuit Current (A)
Performance Characteristics at 20xPerformance Characteristics at 20x
19.4%19.4%EfficiencyEfficiency
0.670.67Fill FactorFill Factor
3.03.0Open Circuit Voltage (V)Open Circuit Voltage (V)
2.62.6Short Circuit Current (A)Short Circuit Current (A)
Performance Characteristics at 30xPerformance Characteristics at 30x
Voltage builds at a rate of ~ 0.6V/cm at MPPVoltage builds at a rate of ~ 0.6V/cm at MPP
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Liquid Immersed ReceiverLiquid Immersed Receiver
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TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF IMPROVED SOLARTECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF IMPROVED SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC LINEAR CONCENTRATORS AND DETERMINATION OF MARKETPHOTOVOLTAIC LINEAR CONCENTRATORS AND DETERMINATION OF MARKETPOTENTIAL IN INDIAPOTENTIAL IN INDIA
Objectives
Identification of the markets for Solar Linear Concentrators in India.
Promoting greater commercial utilization of solar energy in India.
Determination and stimulation of market acceptance for Solar LinearConcentrators (PV, T, and PV/T).
Design Solar Linear Concentrators to address market expectations inIndia.
Training of technical personnel in India to demonstrate and deploy
SLC.
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Work plan
Analysis of energy market in India.
Survey to identify the technical and economic potential and the social
acceptance.
Climate analysis (solar irradiation, temperature, humidity, etc.).
Components cost analysis in Australia.
Maximum allowed priceper application, sizeof the system.
Design of system addressing these criteria (size, cost).
Training personal: Installation and building of a prototype in AnnaUniversity (India).
Analysis of field performance in India.
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Australian Government assistanceAustralian Government assistance
Australian Research CouncilAustralian Research Council Generic research grants for early stage R&DGeneric research grants for early stage R&D
ARC Centre for Solar Energy SystemsARC Centre for Solar Energy Systemsconcentrator Si cellsconcentrator Si cells ARC Linkage grants for concentrators: US$0.4MARC Linkage grants for concentrators: US$0.4M
Asia Pacific Partnership (US$1.4M)Asia Pacific Partnership (US$1.4M)
Development of hybrid receiversDevelopment of hybrid receiversAISRF (US$0.35M)AISRF (US$0.35M) Concentrators in IndiaConcentrators in India
China ISL (US$0.3M)China ISL (US$0.3M) ImmersedImmersed--cell concentrator receiverscell concentrator receivers
Australian Solar InstituteAustralian Solar Institute Foundation grant (US$4.5M) to refurbish labsFoundation grant (US$4.5M) to refurbish labs
Possibility of future grants in concentratorsPossibility of future grants in concentrators
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Building R&D expertiseBuilding R&D expertise
Build critical mass in just a few placesBuild critical mass in just a few places DonDont spread funding too thinlyt spread funding too thinly
Focus on a few technologiesFocus on a few technologies Build from a core portfolioBuild from a core portfolio
Import world experts for establishment phaseImport world experts for establishment phase
Mixture of basic and applied projectsMixture of basic and applied projects Applied projects to have commercial partners to forceApplied projects to have commercial partners to force
commercial engagementcommercial engagement
Rewards for successful commercialisationRewards for successful commercialisationMultiple funding sourcesMultiple funding sources Diversity of fundingDiversity of funding
Diversity ofDiversity of stylesstyles Avoid stop/start fundingAvoid stop/start funding
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Thank you!
solar.anu.edu.au
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