Combining Sentences
Chapter 6, pg 96
Why not write like this? See Spot run. Spot chases Mitten. See Mittens run. Mittens runs fast. See Mittens climb a tree.
Why combine sentences?
Two Ways to Combine Sentences Coordination- the pairing of similar
elements – words, phrases, or clauses – to give equal weight to each.
Subordination- Method of combining two clauses that contain ideas that are not equally important
Use Coordination when you have two sentences that contain ideas
of equal importance. The clauses are independent (simple
sentences).
Combining SentencesUsing Co-ordination
You can combine sentences by using punctuation and/or connecting words called conjunctions.
What is co-ordination? Co-ordination can link two independent clauses
to form a compound sentence. There are three ways to combine sentences.
How to combine sentences to produce a compound sentence
1.Use a comma & a coordinating conjunction
Everyone needs what the farmers produce, so
we should be concerned about their problems.
A conjunction is a connecting or joining word. What is the conjunction in this sentence? Name the seven co-ordinating conjunctions.
Comma + Coordinating Conjunction Name the seven coordinating conjunctions.
And but yet
for so nor
or
Do I have to have a comma? You can leave it out in a short
compound sentence but it is never wrong to include it
Caution When using a comma in this type of
compound sentence, be sure it truly is a compound sentence.
IC , conjunction IC
I left early, for the bus is often late.
Caution Don’t use a comma if the second part of
the sentence is not an independent clause.
I left early, for work. WRONG
I left early for work . RIGHT
Identifying co-ordinating conjunctionsIdentify the subject and verb for each independent clause.Then circle the comma and coordinating conjunction.
Pg 98, “Practice”The speaker rose to his feet, and the room became quiet.
1. The audience was packed, for this was a man with an international reputation.
Option 2: Semicolon + 2. Use a semicolon, an adverbial conjunction,
and a comma (Pg 101)
I worked hard; therefore, I expected results.
What is the adverbial conjunction in this sentence?
How to combine sentences Name some other common adverbial
conjunctions.
Pg 102
In addition however insteadaccordingly likewise indeed meanwhile
Identifying adverbial conjunctionsIdentify the subject and verb for each independent
clause. Then circle the semicolon, adverbial conjunction, and comma.
The jet was the fastest way to get there; moreover, it was the most comfortable.
The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented.
Caution Don’t use a comma instead of a semicolon.
The land was not for sale, however, the house could be rented. WRONG
The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented. RIGHT
Caution The land was not for sale; however the
house could be rented. WRONG
The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented. RIGHT
Option 3: Use a Semicolon3. Use a semicolon
I used to watch the Toronto Blue Jays play
baseball at Exhibition Stadium; tonight I’m
going to watch them play in the Skydome.
Here the semicolon takes the place of a conjunction.
Semicolons (continued) Use a semicolon only when the content of two clauses is
closely related. When sentences are combined using a semicolon, the
grammatical structure of each sentence should be similar (parallel).
The women pitched the tents; the men cooked dinner.
Exercise 7 on pg 105
Review As a writer, why would you want to use
co-ordination? When do you use co-ordination? Name the three ways to combine sentences
using co-ordination.
Combining Sentences using Subordination
Chapter 7, pg 113
Subordination Combines an INDEPENDENT clause
and a DEPENDENT clause.
IC: I drank the water DC: When I drank the water…
1. Before the show began
2. While Betty bought the tickets
3. I played some video games
4. The line at the concession stand was too long
IC or DC??
Using Subordinating Conjunctions Pg 123 After in order that unless
Although once until
As, as ifprovided that when, whenever
rather than As long as where,wherever
Becausesince whereas
so that Even though whether
Before though while
Subordinating Conjunctions (124) To introduce a condition
I will go as long as you go with me To introduce a contrast
I will go even though you wont go with me To introduce a cause
I will go because the meeting is important To show time, place or purpose
when, until, wherever, so that
Exercise 4: Pg. 1261. He was eating breakfast. The results of the
election came over the radio. 1. While he was eating breakfast, the results
of the election came over the radio.
2. The town council voted against the plan. They believed the project was too expensive.
2. The town council voted against the plan because they believed the project was too expensive.
Subordination using Relative Pronouns Sentences can be combined using a relative
pronoun.
The researcher had a breakthrough. He was studying diabetes.
The researcher who was studying diabetes had a breakthrough. Incorrect would be: The researcher had a breakthrough who was studying diabetes.
Exercise 8 pg 1321. Stress can do a great deal of harm.
We experience stress every day. 1. Stress, which we experience every day, can
do a great deal of harm.
2. People often use food to help them cope.Some people’s jobs are demanding.
2. People whose jobs are demanding often use food to help them cope.
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