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Food web
Phytoplanktons are the
primary producers autotrophs that use light
and nutrients in seawaterfor their growth
Photosynthetic organismscapture light energy bymeans of certainpigments such aschlorophyll to fix CO2 into
organic compounds Zooplankton next level
Mangroves are fringingcommunities top of thefood web
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Process water
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Water
Desalination
Cooling water for power plants
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Desalination
Reverse Osmosis process
withdraws seawater
for desalination
Processed water with high brine content (as high
as double the salt concentration) is discharged
back into the sea
Low Temperature Thermal Desalination (LTTD)
principle
Used by NIOT in the Lakshadweep islands
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Cooling water
Seawater of very large quantity is withdrawn forcooling purposes in thermal power stations
This water gets heated when it absorbs the
process heat
This exchange of heat by seawater is useful for
cooling purposes
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Sinks
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Sink
Cooling water
Process water
Effluents
Carbon
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Outfalls
BROKEN ROYAPURAM NEARSHORE
DISCHARGE PIPELINE
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Sustainable use of resources
theirimpacts and regulation
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Sustainable use of resources
Impacts with discharges
Impacts from resources exploitation
Mining
Fishing Factors affecting ecological resources
Impacts from coastal tourism
Impacts of Ports and harbours
Risks associated with hazardous cargo handling
Risks associated with shipping
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Impacts of coastal discharges
Discharges include Process waters
Thermal discharges
Dredge spoil
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Wastewater outfall
Water quality impact on adjacent water uses due towastewater disposal causing temporary or evenpermanent displacement of users
Impacts from discharge of wastewaters in offshorelocations (domestic and industrial) are
Bacterial contamination due to disposal of partiallytreated wastewaters
DO decrease in the coastal waters and its impact onfishes
Increased BOD, COD, suspended solids and nutrients
near the outfall location Increase in heavy metals, non-biodegradable organic
matter and persistent chemicals
Increased temperature of cooling water discharges,salinity from brine discharges from desalination plants
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Impacts of thermal discharges
Cooling water discharges generally havetemperature increase of 3-5oC above ambient
in once through cooling systems
In general, it is found that upper thermal
acclimation temperatures of marineorganisms range from 8 to 10oC
Chlorination used in cooling waters for fouling
control is considered to be more toxic to marineorganisms (impacts on photosynthesis and
respiration) than elevated temperatures (Brook
A.J. and A.L. Baker 1972) than thermal effects.
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Dredge spoil dumping
Approximately 10% of dredged sediments are
heavily contaminated from a variety ofsources including shipping, industrial andmunicipal discharges, and land runoff.
Typical contaminants include heavy metals,
such as cadmium, mercury and chromium;hydrocarbons, such as oil; organochlorinessuch as pesticides; and nutrients such asnitrogen and phosphorous.
Disposal at sea of these materials carries thepossibility of acute or chronic toxic effects onmarine organisms, and potentialcontamination of human food sources
Source: UN Atlas for Oceans
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Impacts from port & harbour
Changes to the flow pattern and resultant coastal
erosion / siltation due to the construction ofbreakwaters / waterfront structures that obstruct
normal flow
Disturbance to the bottom, surface/ benthic
organisms due to dredging /dumping
Pollution from oil spills during pipeline transfers
dismantling operations and oily waste disposal.
Risk of oil / hazardous cargo spills fromaccidents due to collisions, grounding, leakage.
Loss of habitats such as mangroves, corals,
mudflats etc.
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Controls
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