© Vattenfall AB
CO2 free Power Plant Project in VattenfallRelations to the Dynamis project
Lars StrömbergVattenfall AB
Group function StrategiesBerlin / Stockholm
Large CCS Projects meetingBrussels, September 5, 2006
© Vattenfall AB 2
The Power Sector
• The power sector is the major single emitter of CO2. Vattenfall is one of the major Energy companies in Europe
• The Power industry must take responsibility and take the lead for introducing CO2 free technology.
• To be able to make the deep cuts necessary, CCS is necessary.
• Primary target is to make technology available in 2020 at an avoidance cost of 20 EUR/ton of CO2, but also to start development of second generation technology
© Vattenfall AB 4
Roadmap to realization
Conceptual investigations
• TheoreticalResearch
Laboratory Test
• Research• Basic
principles• Combustion
characteristics
PilotPlant
• Demonstration of the process chain
• Interaction of components
• Validation of basic principles and scale-up criteria
• Long term charac-teristics
• Non-commercial
Demo-Plant
• Verification and optimization of the component choice, the process and reduction of risks
• Commercially viable incl. subsidies
Commercial Plant
• Competitive in the market at that time
• No subsidies
2006 2015 2020
© Vattenfall AB 5
The demonstration project time line
Pre-feasibility study Feasibility study
6 scenarios 1(3) Scenarios
Engineering
OrderInvestment decision
06/2006
03/2007
12/2008
06/2011
06/2012
01/2011
Pre engineerng
Permit application submitted
Early consultations
Tenders sent out
Bidding phase
06/2010
Construction
Pipeline permit
application
Storage site development
© Vattenfall AB 7
Storage Capacity, saline aquifers
There exists more
storage capacity
within Eorope (and
in the world) than
the remaining fossil
fuels
Source:
Franz May,
Peter Gerling,
Paul Krull
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover
© Vattenfall AB 8
CO2 Transport and storage Schweinrich structure
h Two pipeline transport routes are possible
h Both routes can be designed to follow existing pipeline corridors >90%
h Structure can contain 1,4 billion ton of CO2, equivalent to about emissions from 6000 MW their whole lifetime
Berlin
© Vattenfall AB 10
Technology Platform
The European Technology Platform forZero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants (ZEP)
© Vattenfall AB 11
Electricity generation cost for large power plants in operation by 2020 (ZEP WG1)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Hard coal Lignite Natural Gas
EUR
/MW
h
No capturePre-combustionPost-combustionOxyfuel
Note:Power generation cost without CO2 transport and storage cost
© Vattenfall AB 12
Avoidance cost for large power plants in operation by 2020 (ZEP WG1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Hard coal Lignite Natural Gas
EUR
/t C
O2
Pre-combustionPost-combustionOxyfuel
Note:CO2 Avoidance cost without transport and storage cost
Power plant andCCS technologyimprovementpotential
© Vattenfall AB 13
• Assume the conditions for the economy calculations are as above.
– The investment is probably too low for a plant with co-generation of hydrogen.
– The hydrogen contains 10 –15 % non-condensable gases, but is rather clean
• Accept that the electricity generation cost lies at about 45 €/MWh if 7500 hours of operation is assumed.
• The electricity generation part of the plant has an efficiency of 57 %.
• This gives a hydrogen cost of about 28 €/MWh• Hydrogen cost of 30 €/MWh might be achievable at site,
comparing with natural gas at about 20 – 24 €/MWh for LNG
Cost for hydrogen in a CO2 free coal co-gen plant
Lars Strömberg 2003 07 05
Vattenfall AB
Corporate Strategies
© Vattenfall AB 15
Preliminary Lay out
Boiler
ESP
ASUFlue gas cooler
Desulfurization
CO2condensation
CO2-Process Plant
Ash siloCoal silo
© Vattenfall AB 16
Plant Status
• The pilot plant will comprise a full chain including boiler, gas cleaning, CO2processing and an air separation unit
• The CO2 will not be permanently stored initially. It will be released into atmosphere.
– It will produce liquid CO2 of very high quality (food grade) to a tank storage– It is prepared for later connection to a storage project
• The contracts for the main components are awarded and construction started in june 2006.
• The permitting process is running very smoothly. Permit is expected in October 2006
• The estimated cost of the plant itself is 67 mio € and a three year test program will have running costs of about 27 mio €. All costs covered by Vattenfall and industrialpartners. No public funding.
© Vattenfall AB 17
Time Schedule
2009 2010 20112005 2006 2007 2008
Planning for tender procedure
Permit planning
Detailed engineering
Commissioning
Erection
OperationGround Breaking
© Vattenfall AB 22
• All three technologies are probably available at a commercial stage in 2020.
• At present the oxyfuel technology is the preferred option due to adaptability to present generation technology and best economy.
• Only pre combustion capture produces an intermediary product in the form of hydrogen.
• Other ways of production is by electrolysis, at a significantly higher cost, but already distributed.
• We do not believe that hydrogen in pure form will be an important energy carrier
• One 1000 MW power plant, matching the system variation produces enough methanol for about half a million cars.
Conclusions CO2 Capture and Storage project
Lars Strömberg 2003 07 05
Vattenfall AB
Corporate Strategies
© Vattenfall AB 23
• There are very few synergies to be seen between Vattenfall’s Pilot Plant and Dynamis.
• IGCC with pre combustion capture will be the preferred option if hydrogen is wanted by a market
• Technology choice is not yet made. Oxyfuel is preferred technology in Vattenfall at present for power production
• The pilot plant might contribute to the spread of knowledge about CCS and general issues concerning gas processing, permission process and storage
Lars Strömberg 2003 07 05
Vattenfall AB
Corporate Strategies
Relation Dynamis and Vatenfall’s Pilot plant
© Vattenfall AB 27
Maturity of Capture TechnologiesPost Combustion Capture
Overall Status Conce
ptuel Inve
stigati
ons and
Laborat
ory t
ests
Pilot P
lant
Demon
strati
on unitRea
dy for
Dep
loymen
t
Full process integration and optimization for power
Component StatusBoiler and power process
Extended desulphurization
DeNOx process
CO2 capture process
Capture process optimization incl. new solvents and scale-up
CO2 processing
© Vattenfall AB 28
Maturity of Capture TechnologiesPre Combustion Capture
Overall Status Conce
ptuel Inve
stigati
ons and
Laborat
ory t
ests
Pilot P
lant
Demon
strati
on unitRea
dy for
Dep
loymen
t
Full process integration and optimization for power
Component Status
Air separation unit
Coal Gasification
Natural gas reforming
Syngas processing
CO2 capture process
CO2 processing
High efficiency, low emission H2 Gas Turbine
© Vattenfall AB 29
Maturity of Capture TechnologiesOxyfuel
Overall Status Conce
ptuel Inve
stigati
ons and
Laborat
ory t
ests
Pilot P
lant
Demon
strati
on unitRea
dy for
Dep
loymen
t
Full process integration and optimization for power
Component Status
Air separation unit
Combustion process and boiler
Water/steam cycle, particle removal
Desulphurization
Flue gas condensation
CO2 processing
2000-07-16
Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB© Vattenfall AB 30
Cost and Potential of options to reduce CO2 emissionsPrincipal example
Cost for carbon dioxide avoidance
[EUR/ton CO2]
0
50
100
Potential[Percent]
0 20 40 60 80 100
Hydro
Solar
WindBiofuel El
CO2 Capture and Storage
Coal to gas
Oil to gas
New efficient coal
New Picture 2005 including recent knowledge
Savings
Biofuel Heat
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