Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 1
Lecture 38 Slide 1
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Physics of Technology
PHYS 1800
Lecture 38
Class Summary
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 2
Lecture 38 Slide 2
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
PHYSICS OF TECHNOLOGY Spring 2009 Assignment Sheet
*Homework Handout
PHYSICS OF TECHNOLOGY - PHYS 1800 ASSIGNMENT SHEET
Spring 2009 Date Day Lecture Chapter Homework Due Feb 16 17 18 19 20
M Tu W H F*
Presidents Day Angular Momentum (Virtual Monday) Review Test 2 Static Fluids, Pressure
No Class 8 5-8 5-8 9
-
Feb 23 25 27
M W F*
Flotation Fluids in Motion Temperature and Heat
9 9 10
6
Mar 2 4 6
M W F*
First Law of Thermodynamics Heat flow and Greenhouse Effect Climate Change
10 10 -
7
Mar 9-13 M-F Spring Break No Classes Mar 16 18 20
M W F*
Heat Engines Power and Refrigeration Electric Charge
11 11 12
8
Mar 23 25 26 27
M W H F*
Electric Fields and Electric Potential Review Test 3 Electric Circuits
12 13 9-12 13
-
Mar 30 Apr 1 3
M W F
Magnetic Force Review Electromagnets Motors and Generators
14 9-12 14
9
Apr 6 8 10
M W F*
Making Waves Sound Waves E-M Waves, Light and Color
15 15 16
10
Apr 13 15 17
M W F*
Mirrors and Reflections Refraction and Lenses Telescopes and Microscopes
17 17 17
11
Apr 20 22 24
M W F
Review Seeing Atoms The really BIG & the really small
1-17 18 (not on test) 21 (not on test)
No test week 12
May 1 F Final Exam: 09:30-11:20am * = Homework Handout
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 3
Lecture 38 Slide 3
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Physics of Technology
PHYS 1800
Lecture 39
So What Does It All Mean?
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 4
Lecture 38 Slide 4
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
What is Physics?
“Study of the basic nature of matter and the interactions that govern its behavior.”
BORING!!!
“How Stuff Works.”
True, but vague.
“Common Sense Approach to How Things Work”(with units!)
Common Sense—A minimal set of simple, straightforward guides.
Units—Predictions on a quantitative level
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 5
Lecture 38 Slide 5
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Scientific Method:
Leads to new discoveries → how scientific progress is made!
Careful measurements,
Experiments
Empirical laws,
Generalization
Hypothesis,
Theory
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 6
Lecture 38 Slide 6
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
How are scientific explanations/laws developed?
1. Careful observations reveal an unknown natural phenomena…(try to find answers - read books, search web…)
2. Gather facts and measurements about phenomena, study other people’s ideas and try to develop an “empirical law” based on your results.
3. Invent a “hypothesis” to explain your observations and empirical laws.
4. Develop experiments to test your hypothesis. (Controlled experiments in laboratory preferably.)
5. Publish your results in scientific literature. (critical review…)
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 7
Lecture 38 Slide 7
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Why study everyday phenomena?
The same physical principles that govern our everyday experiences also govern the entire universe
– A bicycle wheel, an atom, and a galaxy all operate according to laws for angular momentum.
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 8
Lecture 38 Slide 8
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
What Do We Need To Measure?
What is the minimum about things we need to know?
Where things are—a length, LWhen things are there—a time, t
How thing interact with gravity—a mass, MHow things interact with E&M—a charge, Q
How thing interact with weak nuclear forceHow things interact with strong nuclear force
Random collections of objects—a temperature, T
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 9
Lecture 38 Slide 9
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Describing Motion
Position—where you are in space (L-meter)
Speed—how fast position is changing with time (LT-1 or m/s)
Acceleration—how fast speed is changing with time (LT-2 or m/s2)
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 10
Lecture 38 Slide 10
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Dennison’s Laws of Motion
1. Stuff happens (or not).
2. The bigger they are the harder they fall.
3. You get what you give.
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 11
Lecture 38 Slide 11
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Newton’s Laws in Review
1st Law —a special case of the 2nd Law for statics, with a=0 or Fnet=0
• An objects velocity remains unchanged, unless a force acts on the object.
2nd Law (and 1st Law)—How motion of a object is effected by a force.
– The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the imposed force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. The acceleration is the same direction as that of the imposed force.
3rd Law —Forces come from interactions with other objects.
• For every action (force), there is an equal but opposite reaction (force).
F ma
units : 1 newton = 1 N = 1 kgm s2
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 12
Lecture 38 Slide 12
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Describing Motion and InteractionsPosition—where you are in space (L or meter)
Velocity—how fast position is changing with time (LT-1 or m/s)
Acceleration—how fast velocity is changing with time (LT-2 or m/s2)
Force— what is required to change to motion of a body (MLT-2 or kg-m/s2 or N)
Inertia (mass)— a measure of the force needed to change the motion of a body (M)
Energy—the potential for an object to do work. (ML2T-2 or kg m2/s2 or N-m or J)
Work is equal to the force applied times the distance moved. W = F dKinetic Energy is the energy associated with an object’s motion. KE=½ mv2
Potential Energy is the energy associated with an objects position.Gravitational potential energy PEgravity=mghSpring potential energy PEapring= -kx
Momentum— the potential of an object to induce motion in another object (MLT-1 or kg-m/s)
Angular Momentum and Rotational Energy— the equivalent constants of motion for rotation (MT-1 or kg/s) and (MLT-2 or kg m/s2 or N)
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 13
Lecture 38 Slide 13
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Dennison’s Laws Thermal Poker(or How to Get a Hot Hand in Physics)
0th Law: Full House beats Two Pairs
1st Law: We’re playing the same game (but with a wild card)
2nd Law: You can’t win in Vegas.
3rd Law: In fact, you always loose.
0th Law: Defines Temperature
1st Law: Conservation of Energy (with heat)
2nd Law: You can’t recover all heat losses (or defining entropy)
3rd Law: You can never get to absolute 0.
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 14
Lecture 38 Slide 14
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
The Newton’s Law of gravitation and Coulomb’s Law of electrostatic force has the same inverse-square dependence on distance as.
– If we double the distance between the charges, the force falls to one-fourth of the original.
– The gravitational force depends on the masses, and the electrostatic force depends on the charges.
– Gravity is always attractive; there is no such thing as negative mass.– Gravity is much weaker than the electrostatic force.– Physicists are still trying to understand the reasons for the relative
strengths of the fundamental forces.– The search for a unified field theory that would explain the
relationships between all of the fundamental forces is a major area of research in modern theoretical physics.
Fg Gm1m2
r2 and Fe kq1q2
r2
The Electrostatic and Gravitational Forces
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 15
Lecture 38 Slide 15
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Dennison’s Laws of Fluids
When push comes to shove, fluids are just like other stuff.
• Pascal’s Principle: Pressure extends uniformly in all directions in a fluid.
• Boyle’s Law: Work on a fluid equals PΔV
• Bernoulli’s Principle: Conservation of energy for fluids
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 16
Lecture 38 Slide 16
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Electric Circuits
Dennison’s Law of Circuit Analysis—Follow the electrons with your finger Dummy!
(Conservation of charge and energy)
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 17
Lecture 38 Slide 17
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Waves is waves…they all
– Transport energy
– Interfere
– Reflect
– Refract
– Diffract
– Polarize
Principle of Superposition:When two or more waves combine, the resulting
disturbance or displacement is equal to the sum of the individual disturbances.
Waves
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 18
Lecture 38 Slide 18
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
What are the major subfields in Physics?
Classical Physics (pre 20th century)– Mechanics → forces, motion– Thermodynamics → heat, temperature– Electricity and magnetism → charge, currents – Optics → light, lenses, telescopes
Modern Physics (20th century)– Atomic and nuclear → radioactivity, atomic power
– Quantum mechanics } → basic structure matter– Particle physics– Condensed matter → solids and liquids, computers,
lasers– Relativity, Cosmology → universe, life!
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 19
Lecture 38 Slide 19
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Current State of Physics cira 2009
Electricity & MagnetismMaxwell Equations (c 1880)
Weak Nuclear Force Radioactivity
Strong Nuclear ForceComposition of subatomic particles
Mechanics (Gravity)…… General RelativitySpace and time
Standard Model • QCD• Unites E&M, Strong NF, Weak NF
Conservation Laws• Energy• Linear & Angular Momentum• Charge, Spin• Lepton and Baryon Number
Quantum Mechanics•Schrodinger/Dirac Equation•Probabilistic approach
Statistical Mechanics• Physics of many particles• Fermions and Bosons• Partitioning of Energy• Thermodynamics• Time and Entropy
Weinburg-Salom Model• QED• Unites E&M, Weak NF
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 20
Lecture 38 Slide 20
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Limits of Current Modern Physics
Dimension Range of Applicability
Range of Application
Length 10-18 to 10+26 m Quark size to the universe size
Mass 10-31 to 10+40 kg Electrons to galactic clusters
Time 10+3 to 10+22 sec-1
10-16 to 10+17 sec
Radio to Gamma rays
Sub-femtosecond spectroscopy to age of universe
Velocity 10-8 to 10+8 m/s Sub-atomic particles to speed of light
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 21
Lecture 38 Slide 21
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Objectives: This course provides a conceptual introduction to physics with three primary goals:
(1) to gain physical intuition (2) to develop problem solving skills (3) to learn to apply some basic physics principles to everyday phenomena.
PHYSICS OF TECHNOLOGY
Class Summary
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 22
Lecture 38 Slide 22
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Top Ten List of Things I Hope You Learned1. Don’t waste your time remembering lots of equations or vocabulary
(that’s what your book is for); go for the concepts!2. There is not that much that we kneed to know (where stuff is and how
stuff interacts)…3. But the range of applications is enormous.4. There are just four fundamental forces in nature. Newton’s Laws turn
these into motion.5. Stuff (mass, charge, energy, momentum, angular momentum) is
conserved.6. Your every day intuition is not always reliable (e.g., E&M, QM,
relativity); you must rely on the careful, logical organization of observations to make valid predictions.
7. Our models reflect the patterns in nature (e.g., waves, oscillations and rotation are described by very similar math).
8. We know a lot of things about nature, but not everything (ask your grandkids to explain the TOE to you.).
9. Physics provides a (often useful) framework and methods to solve a wide variety of problems based on simple rules.
10.“With great power come awesome responsibility…”
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