Civil War
Election of 1860
• Democratic Party split
• Border States – Constitutional Union Party
–DE, MD, KY, MO
Election of 1860
N. Dem. – Stephen Douglas
S. Dem. – John Breckinridge
CU – John Bell
Rep. – Abraham Lincoln
Election of 1860
• Lincoln Wins!
• BUT with only 39% of the popular votes
• & NO electoral votes from the South!
Secession!
• In protest South Carolina leaves the Union on Dec. 20, 1860
• GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, TX leave the union
• They create the Confederate States of America
Fort Sumter
• April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beaugard opened fire on the fort
• Major Robert Anderson tired to hold the fort but ran out of supplies
• Lincoln declared the south in rebellion
After Fort Sumter….
• Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, & Arkansas join Confederacy
• Borders States become very important to the North – Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, & Missouri
Union Strengths1. Had more Railroads
2. Had more Factories
3. Balanced Economy
4. Functioning Gov’t
Confederacy Strengths
1. More Trained Officers
2. South only had to keep a defensive position
3. Fighting to preserve way of life
New Technology1. Bullet – long piece of metal w/
rounded end
New Technology2. Rifling – spiral groove cut
inside the gun barrel
New Technology
3. Shell – Exploding cannon ball
New Technology4. Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny
lead balls
New Technology5. Ironclad Gunboats –
steamships w/ iron plating
Increased Gov’t Power• Draft – required military
service
• Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment
Increased Gov’t Power• Internal Revenue Act – tax on
liquor, tobacco, medicine, & paper–Becomes Internal Revenue
Service
Increased Gov’t Power• Created National Currency:
Greenbacks
Increased Gov’t Power• Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 –
gov’t project to connect East & West w/ railroads
Increased Gov’t Power• Emancipation
Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were free
Company C of the 54th MA Regiment
• 1st African American Regiment
• Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw
• Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner
Election of 1864
Election of 1864Rep. – Abraham LincolnDem. – George McClellan
Lincoln thought he would lose!McClellan hated Lincoln
Election of 1864• Just before the election
Sherman took Atlanta
• This victory changed country’s outlook
• Lincoln won re-election
Civil War Prison Camps
NorthPoint Lookout, MACamp Chase, OHFort Delaware
Civil War Prison Camps
SouthLibby’s Prison, VAAndersonville, Ga
- 100 soldiers died a day
- Commander guilty of war crimes
Medical Conditions• TERRIBLE!
• Docs did not sterilize equipment!
• Went days w/out washing equipment!
• High rates of infection
Medical ConditionsSome tried to make changes:
1. Clara Barton – gave 1st aide to troops & started American Red Cross
2. Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps
EconomyNORTH• Flourished• Industry
boomed• Women took
jobs in factories
SOUTH• Declined• Food
Shortages• Still produced
cotton & not food crops
Essay Question
Explain how the United States expanding its borders led to the Civil War.
Slave vs Free States
Compromises
Bleeding Kansas
John Brown
Election of 1860
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