Circulatory SystemBody’s Transport System
Highway
Traffic Congestions
Circulation
- movement of blood through the body
- transport of food, water and oxygen to the cells of the body
- transport of wastes produced by the cells- protection- transport of hormones- regulates body temperature- contains cell fragments & proteins
Circulatory System
Blood
- is a body fluid that delivers necessary substances to cells of the body - transports waste product from the cells
- carries hormones- carries components that protect the human microbial body from invaders/ infections
- consists 2 parts: Plasma (liquid part) Blood cells (solid/cellular components)
Blood
Plasma
- is the yellow liquid component of blood in which blood cells float
- 90% water and comprises 50 to 60% of the blood; 10% solid material
- transports hormones that signals body activities
- transports blood cells- carries food and oxygen to the cells - picks up wastes materials- contains antibodies – protect and defend
the body from infection
Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
- also known as erythrocytes (air-RIT-roh-sights)
- small, round, disc-shaped cells that are thinned out in the center
- elastic – can be squeezed out of shaped- so small that 75 billion can fit into a tube with a
diameter of 2.5 cm - forms in the bone marrow- contains more than 200 million molecules of hemoglobin
Red Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
- delivers oxygen to the body tissues and cells
- picks up waste materials and carbon dioxide from cells
- normally between 4.5 to 5.5 million of RBCs per cubic millimeter in the blood.
White Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
- also known as leukocytes
(LEW-koh-sights)- have large, purplish-staining nucleus; named for clear, whitish appearance of their cytoplasm
- wandering cells in the blood
- circulate in the bloodstream & have nothing to do with the delivery of food and oxygen
- protect the body against foreign-invading substances
- true cells having their own nuclei – big or more than 1
White Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
- fewer in number than red blood cells – 5,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimeter of blood
- 2 General groups:1. Phagocytes - engulf foreign substances and provide
non- specific immunity2. Lymphocytes
- produce antibodies to attack body enemies and provide specific immunity
White Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
Platelets
- also known as thrombocytes
(THRAHM-buh-sights)- irregularly-shaped colorless bodies present in the blood
- little plate-like fragments of disintegrated bone marrow – fragments of sticky surfaces
- 1/3 of the size of the RBCs
- scattered in small groups throughout the plasma
- membrane bound cell fragments without nuclei - 250,000 to 500,000 per cubic millimeter of blood
Platelets
- contain and release a substance called thromboplastin
– a type of protein needed for
blood clotting- helps to plug leaks in broken capillary walls
Blood Vessels
- network of channels that circulate blood throughout the body & help keep the blood flowing to and from the heart
3 Kinds of Blood Vessels:
1. Artery2. Veins3. Capillaries
Arteries
- have thick mascular walls - carry oxygenated blood away from your heart to the different parts of the body
- are heavy, strong tubes with elastic muscular walls
– largest artery in the body is the aorta- every time your heart beats, your blood rushes through
these large arteries. Blood coming from ventricles of your heart is under great pressure. Because of their elasticity, expand and absorb a part of this great pressure.
Artery
Pulse – steady beating which is brought about the flow of blood that is being pumped through the arteries
Every pulse beat is normally also a beat of the heart.
- Arterial walls are thicker than veins- Blood passing through them exerts more
pressure- also lie deeper in body to provide added support
Veins
- have thinner muscular walls
- carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
- blood moves slower in veins
– blood in veins appear darker because it has lost oxygen- walls are more delicate but wider
- inside these vessels are valves that allow blood to travel in one direction only. If the blood starts to go backwards, the valve close
Capillaries
- thin & delicate walls that are only one cell thick
- blood cells travel through capillaries in a single
file- only slight bigger in diameter than red blood cells- are where the exchange of oxygen, carbon
dioxide, food and wastes take place between the blood and body cells
Heart
- a hollow organ about the size of a clenched fist- is a muscular organ that is about as large as your fist
- located at the center of the chest between your lung & above the diaphragm
- pumps blood throughout the body- made of cardiac muscle
Chambers of the Heart
• Right and Left Atrium – chambers in the top half of the heart– receive/ collecting blood returning to the
heart
RA – venous deoxygenated blood from your body
LA – receives red oxygenated blood from your lungs
Chambers of the Heart
Chambers of the Heart
• Right and Left Ventricles – lower half of the heart which is thick-
walled– pumps blood away from the heart
RV – pumps blue venous blood out of your heart and into the lungs for oxygenation
LV – pumps oxygenated blood out of your heart to all parts of the body
- larger and more muscular than your RV
Chambers of the Heart
Chambers of the Heart
• Pericardium- protective membrane surrounding
the whole muscular organ.
• Septum– a thick tissue wall separates the two
sides of the heart– prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood from mixing
Chambers of the Heart
Valves of the Heart– is a thin flap of tissue– acts like a one-way door, moving blood in a
single direction– flow from atria to the ventricles4 Valves:
1. Tricuspid valve – between the RA & RV
2. Bicuspid/ mitral valve – between the LA & LV
3. Pulmonary semilunar valve – between the RV and the pulmonary artery
4. Aortic semilunar valve – between the LV & the aorta
Valves of the Heart
Heartbeat, Pulse, Blood Pressure
• Heartbeat– is the rhythm of your heart pumping blood
lub-dub sound - is made by your valves opening and
closing
lub – when the valves between atria & ventricles snap shut
dub – when the valves between ventricles & blood vessels snap shut
Heartbeat, Pulse, Blood Pressure
Heartbeat, Pulse, Blood Pressure
• Pulse– is the alternating
expansion and relaxation of the artery wall caused by the contraction of the LV
Number of artery pulses = number of heart beat
Heartbeat, Pulse, Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure– a measure of how much pressure is
exerted against the vessel walls by the blood.
Systole (SIS-tuh-lee)- the contraction of the ventricles brought about by the lub sound. - contraction of the heart, causes the blood pressure to rise to its highest point.
Heartbeat, Pulse, Blood Pressure
Diastole (di-AS-tuh-lee)- is the relaxation phase or the dub sound.- relaxation of the heart, brings the pressure down to its lowest point.
A normal blood pressure reading for a healthy person is a reading below 120 (systolic pressure)/ 80 (diastolic pressure)
Atria &Ventricular Contraction
Atria Contraction Sinoatrial node (SA node)
- small group of cardiac muscle fibers located in the right atrium
- “sets the pace” for the heart - pacemaker
- SA node fires – an electrical impulse spreads through the entire network of muscle fibers in the atria and atria contracts
Atria &Ventricular Contraction
Atria &Ventricular Contraction
Ventricles Contraction Atrioventricular node (AV node)
- picked up the impulse from SA node- impulse is delayed for a fraction of a
second while the atria contract and pump blood to the ventricles
- produces impulses that spread through the ventricles and cause contraction which pumps blood out of the heart.
Atria &Ventricular Contraction
Atria &Ventricular Contraction
Atria &Ventricular Contraction
• Pulmonary Circulation– Involves the
lungs as oxygen supplier and carbon dioxide absorber
– also known as right-heart circulation
Body Circulations
• Pulmonary Circulation– Right side of
the heart pumps deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs
– Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood
Body Circulations
• Pulmonary Circulation– Oxygen is
absorbed by the blood then flows to the left side of the heart
Body Circulations
• Systemic Circulation– Involves the
heart, the blood vessels and all body parts
– also known as left-heart circulation
Body Circulations
• Systemic Circulation– Left side of the
heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
– Cells absorb much of oxygen & load the blood with carbon dioxide
Body Circulations
• Systemic Circulation– Deoxygenated
blood returns to the right side of heart then to the lungs to pick up oxygen
Body Circulations
• Coronary Circulation– Heart is fed
by blood passing through its own coronary arteries
– CA connected to capillaries to the coronary veins leading to the RA
Body Circulations
• Coronary Circulation– Heart is fed
by blood passing through its own coronary arteries
– CA connected to capillaries to the coronary veins leading to the RA
Body Circulations
• Renal Circulation– blood moves
in the renal arteries leading to the kidney
– blood returns to heart through the inferior vena cava
Body Circulations
• Portal Circulation– Involves an
extensive system of veins that lead from spleen, stomach pancreas, small intestine and colon
Body Circulations
• Portal Circulation– Veins unite to
form the hepatic portal vein which enters the liver
Body Circulations
Body Circulations
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