Standard of the Camera & Imaging Products Association
CIPA DC-007-Translation- 2009
Multi-Picture Format
This translation has been made based on the original Standard (CIPA DC-007-2009). In the event of any doubts arising as the contents, the original Standard is to be the final authority.
Established on February 4, 2009
Prepared by: Standardization Committee
Published by:
Camera & Imaging Products Association
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER CIPA, CIPA’S MEMBERS, THEIR SUBSIDIARIES OR THEIR AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR OTHER COMPENSATORY, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES) ARISING OUT OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE USE THEREOF EVEN IF CIPA, CIPA’S MEMBERS, THEIR SUBSIDIARIES OR THEIR AFFILIATES HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. CIPA, CIPA’S MEMBERS, THEIR SUBSIDIARIES OR THEIR AFFILIATES DISCLAIMS AND SHALL HAVE NO OBLIGATION OF DEFENSE, CONTRIBUTION OR INDEMNIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO ANY ACTUAL OR ALLEGED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT ARISING OUT OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE USE THEREOF.
© 2009 Camera & Imaging Products Association
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Contents 1. Scope ....................................................................................................................... 4 2. Normative references ............................................................................................. 4 3. Definition of Terms................................................................................................. 4 4. Overview ................................................................................................................. 6
4.1. Objective .......................................................................................................... 6 4.2. General Structure............................................................................................ 7
4.2.1. Baseline MP File....................................................................................... 7 4.2.2. Extended MP File ..................................................................................... 7
5. Data Structure........................................................................................................ 7 5.1. Basic MP File Structure.................................................................................. 7 5.2. MP Extensions............................................................................................... 10
5.2.1. The MP Format Identifier...................................................................... 11 5.2.2. MP Header .............................................................................................. 12 5.2.3. MP Index IFD ......................................................................................... 13 5.2.4. MP Attribute IFD ................................................................................... 19 5.2.5. Requirement Level for Tag Support ...................................................... 28
6. File Specification .................................................................................................. 30 6.1. Baseline MP File ........................................................................................... 30
6.1.1. Specification of Baseline MP Primary Image........................................ 31 6.1.2. Specification of Large Thumbnails ........................................................ 31 6.1.3. Specification of File Extension............................................................... 33
6.2. Extended MP Files ........................................................................................ 33 6.2.1. Restrictions for Extended MP Files....................................................... 33 6.2.2. Specification of MP Individual Image Number..................................... 34 6.2.3. Specification of Large Thumbnails ........................................................ 36 6.2.4. Specification of MP Extensions.............................................................. 36 6.2.5. File Extension Specification................................................................... 36
7. Exif Tag Support Requirements .......................................................................... 36 A. Annex....................................................................................................................... 42
A.1. MP Data Structure and File Specification (Informative)............................... 42 A.2. Interoperability Guidelines (Normative) ........................................................ 42
A.2.1. Creating an MP File .................................................................................. 43 A.2.2. MP File Playback....................................................................................... 43 A.2.3. Editing and Overwriting MP Files ........................................................... 44
A.3. Precautions on the Representation of Functions (Informative) .................... 45
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.3.1. Representation Example ........................................................................... 45 A.4. Reference to the DCF Specification (Informative).......................................... 46
A.4.1. Individual Image Data Format ................................................................. 46 A.4.2. DCF Object Structure................................................................................ 46 A.4.3. Handling of DCF Objects during Editing Operations.............................. 46
A.5. Restrictions for Extended MP File Playback (Informative)........................... 46 A.6. Example of Creating a Large Thumbnail (Informative) ................................ 47 A.7. Updating the MP Entry during the Deletion of an Individual Image (Informative) ............................................................................................................ 47 A.8. Use Cases.......................................................................................................... 49
A.8.1. Large Thumbnails for Displays (e.g. TV) ................................................. 49 A.8.2. Multi View Images..................................................................................... 49
A.9. Panorama Image Examples............................................................................. 50 A.9.1. Horizontal Only Shots ............................................................................... 50 A.9.2. Horizontal and Vertical Shots ................................................................... 51
A.10. Disparity Image Examples ............................................................................ 52 A.11. Multi-Angle Image Examples ........................................................................ 53
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
1. Scope
This document specifies an image data format and metadata tags used by digital
cameras and other imaging products including software
2. Normative references
The following official standards contain provisions that constitute provisions of
this standard through reference in this text
1) JEITA CP-3451 Exchangeable image file format for digital still cameras Exif
Version 2.2 (Apr 2002)
2) JEITA CP-3451-1 Exchangeable image file format for digital still cameras Exif
Version 2.21 (Amendment Ver.2.2) (Sep 2003)
3) JEITA CP-3461 Design rule for Camera File Systems DCF Version 2.0 (Sep
2003)
3. Definition of Terms
The following definitions apply to terminology used in this document.
Table 1 Definition of Terms
Term Definition/meaning MP format Format for storing multiple, associated images in a single
image file. MP stands for Multi Picture. APPn JPEG application marker segments which Exif
specification refers to. Individual Image A JPEG compliant image as specified in Exif specification
delimited by a set of SOI-EOI markers. Images in APPn are not considered Individual Images. (See Figure 1)
first Individual Image The top-most Individual Image contained in a File. MP extensions General term referring to the information (tags) that define
the overall structure of the Individual Images, including those that are specific to a particular type of Individual Image.
MP file The file with MP extensions. MP index fields Information contained in the header of the First Individual
Image describing the overall structure of the Individual Images in the file.
MP attribute fields Set of tags for a particular Individual Image.
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MP type The image type of an Individual Image contained in the MP File.
representative image An Individual Image that represents the entire MP image set. The Representative Image Flag of this image is set to 1.
dependent image An Individual Image that has a dependency relationship with another Individual Image within the same MP File.
primary image An Individual Image created as the main image data, except a dependent image.
Baseline MP primary image The primary image within a Baseline MP File. Exif thumbnail The thumbnail image in the APP1 marker segment as
specified in the Exif 2.21 specification. multi-view image Multiple images taken from varying perspectives. large thumbnail image An image formatted to a specific size and aspect ratio
appropriate for certain viewing devices. large thumbnail source image The Individual Image that is the source image of the large
thumbnail image. panorama image A Target Object image divided across multiple shots/frames
that are stitched together to form the final image. viewpoint number Number that represents the position of the camera during
shooting. convergence angle The angle formed by the first line of sight from the base
viewpoint and the line which is the vertical projection of the second line of sight from the other viewpoint onto the plane containing the first line of sight.
baseline length The distance between two viewpoints. target object The subject of a Multi-View Image. collimation axis The axis that passing through the base viewpoint and the
Target Object. horizontal axis The axis that passes horizontally through the Target Object
and goes orthogonally to the Collimation Axis. vertical axis The axis that passes through the Target Object and is
perpendicular to the plane defined by the Horizontal and Collimation axes.
yaw angle The angle of rotation along the Vertical Axis. pitch angle The angle of rotation along the Horizontal Axis. roll angle The angle of rotation along the Collimation Axis. disparity image An image that is shot from a viewpoint specified by the
Convergence Angle and Baseline Length. multi-angle image An image that is shot from a viewpoint specified by the Yaw
Angle, Pitch Angle and Roll Angle.
For numerical representation, ".H" appended to a numerical value means it is
hexadecimal notation. Other numerical value means it is decimal notation.
Table 2 shows the expression of provisions used in this document.
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Table 2 Expression of provisions
Level of provision Verbal form Requirement "shall" Recommendation "should" Permission "may" Prohibition "shall not"
4. Overview
This specification describes a method for storing multiple images in a single file. It
also describes multi-picture format utilizing the method for storing images
re-formatted for optimized viewing performance on viewing devices such as TVs
and other applications using associated multiple images in a single file.
4.1. Objective
In recent years, the overall performance and capabilities of digital cameras and
other digital imaging products have greatly improved. At the same time, the
digital photography environment has expanded to include products such as TVs,
communication devices, and other hardware and software applications. This
phenomenon has led to new and exciting applications for digital photography - of
which many require the use of multiple associated images to deliver a particular
photo experience. This specification has been developed to address this need by
defining a method for storing multiple still images and associated metadata into a
single file.
An Exif 2.21 compliant file contains only one Primary Image, along with a tiny
thumbnail image. Hence, in order to handle multiple, associated, still images, each
image shall be stored in separate files, and the association of these images (files)
shall to be managed somehow by the user or by some specialized application. One
simple method, for example, is to form a DCF object consisting of multiple Exif
image files. However, in this case the user would still be burdened with the task of
maintaining the association of these images, which could be cumbersome and
difficult to manage since there are no tags defined in Exif 2.x to facilitate this task.
Furthermore, the potential risk of inadvertently splitting up the images and their
association during transfer and sharing operations is quite high. Clearly, a better
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
method is needed.
The following specification describes multi-picture (or "MP") format, which
enables a chain of still images to be stored in a single file along with tags that will
allow these images to be associated and used for a particular purpose.
4.2. General Structure
This document specifies a file format to achieve the above objectives. The file
format includes MP extensions which enable to store multiple Individual Images
in a single file. Individual Image has the same structure as Exif JPEG data.
4.2.1. Baseline MP File
A Baseline MP file consists of a Primary Image and an additional duplicate image
that has been formatted for optimal viewing on TVs and other viewing devices.
Baseline MP file uses Exif extensions, and specifies a file format including MP
extensions which enable to store the Primary Image and additional image(s).
4.2.2. Extended MP File
An Extended MP file consists of a collection of images that correspond to one of the
MP Types defined in this specification. Multi-view is defined as MP Type, and
Multi-view has 3 sub-types: Panorama, Disparity, and Multi-Angle. Other images
may also be recorded with this file format. Extended MP file uses Exif extensions,
and specifies a file format including MP extensions which enable to store multiple
images.
The Extended MP file has a new file extension.
5. Data Structure 5.1. Basic MP File Structure
Figure 1 shows the basic structure of an MP File. An MP File contains two or more
Individual Images - of which the top most Individual Image is called the First
Individual Image. The MP Extensions are specified in the APP2 marker segment
which follows immediately after the Exif Attributes in the APP1 marker segment
expect as specified in §7. Each Individual Image adheres to the structured of a
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
valid JPEG image, delimited by an SOI and EOI marker. This specification does
not define any restrictions for data between the EOI marker of one Individual
Image and the SOI marker of the following Individual Image.
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APP1 Exif Attributes Thumbnail
APP1 Exif Attributes Thumbnail
APP1 Exif Attributes Thumbnail
APP2 MP Extensions
APP2 MP Extensions
APP2 MP Extensions
…
SOI
EOI
Individual Image(1) JPEG
APP1 Exif Attributes Thumbnail
SOI
EOI
Individual Image(2) JPEG
SOI
EOI
Individual Image(n) JPEG
SOI
EOI
Individual Image(3) JPEG
APP2 MP ExtensionsMP Index IFD
First Individual Image
Individual Image #2
Individual Image #3
Individual Image #n
Figure 1 Basic MP File format data structure
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5.2. MP Extensions
Figure 2 shows the structure of the MP Extensions for First Individual Image. The
MP Header and the MP Index IFD shall be specified after APP2 marker, APP2
Length and the MP Format Identifier for the First Individual Image. Optionally,
an MP Attribute IFD may be added after the MP Index IFD.
Figure 3 shows the structure of the MP Extensions for all the other Individual
Images except the First Individual Image. The MP Attribute IFD may be specified
after APP2 marker, APP2 Length and the MP Format Identifier. The MP Index
IFD shall not be specified for all the other Individual Images except the First
Individual Image.
MP
Header
Value (MP Index IFD)
MP Index Fields
(Overall Structure Info.)
MP Attribute Fields
(Details of Specific Image Usage)
Count (2Byte)
APP2 (Max. 64KB)
APP2 Marker (2Byte)
MP
Index
IFD Offset of Next IFD (4Byte)
MP
Attributes
IFD Offset of Next IFD
Value (MP Attribute IFD)
APP2 Field Length (2Byte)
MP Format Identifier (4Byte)
MP Endian (4Byte)
Offset to First IFD (4Byte)
Count (2Byte)
Start of Offset
Figure 2 MP Extensions (in the First Individual Image)
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APP2 (Max. 64KB)
MP
Header
MP Attribute Fields
(Details of Specific Image Usage)
Count (2Byte)
APP2 Marker (2Byte)
MP
Attributes
IFD Offset of Next IFD
Value (MP Attribute IFD)
APP2 Field Length (2Byte)
MP Format Identifier (4Byte)
MP Endian (4Byte)
Offset to First IFD (4Byte)
Start of Offset
Figure 3 MP Extensions (in all other Individual Image)
The based address from which all of the offset addresses in the MP Extensions are
calculated is the address of the MP Endian field in the MP Header (see "Start of
Offset" in Figure 2 and Figure 3).
For the First Individual Image, the offset to the MP Index IFD shall be specified in
the Offset to First IFD field in the MP Header. Similarly, the offset to the MP
Attribute IFD shall be specified in the Offset to Next IFD field in the MP Index
IFD.
For all other Individual Images, excluding the First Individual Image, the offset
address to the MP Attribute IFD is specified in the Offset to First IFD tag in the
MP Header, because there is no MP Index IFD.
5.2.1. The MP Format Identifier
Each APP2 marker segment of an Individual Image, including the First Individual
Image, shall contain the following information in this order: APP2 marker, APP2
Field Length, MP Format Identifier, MP Endian, and Offset to First IFD.
Structure of the MP Format Identifier is shown in Figure 4.
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Offset Address (Hex) Code (Hex) Description
+00 FF Marker Prefix
+01 E2 APP2
+02 APP2 Field Length
+04 4D 'M'
+05 50 'P'
+06 46 'F'
+07 00 NULL
Figure 4 Structure of the MP Format Identifier
There can be only one APP2 marker segment for MP Extensions in each Individual
Image.
5.2.2. MP Header
5.2.2.1. MP Endian
This field specifies the byte order (big endian or little endian) of the information
contained in the MP Extensions. It has the same structure as the first 4 bytes of a
TIFF header (see Figure 5).
Code (Hex) Code (Hex)
+00 49 +00 4D
+01 49 +01 4D
+02 2A +02 00
+03 00 +03 2A
Little Endian Big Endian
Figure 5 MP endian tag structure
The byte ordering of the MP Extensions should be the same as the TIFF header in
the APP1 marker segment.
5.2.2.2. Offset to First IFD
The Offset to First IFD shall point to either the MP Index IFD or the MP
Attributes IFD. If either the MP Index IFD or the MP Attributes IFD is specified
immediately after Offset to First IFD, the value for Offset to First IFD shall be 8.
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5.2.3. MP Index IFD
Table 3 lists the various tags defined in the MP index IFD. The MP Index IFD tags
shall be specified in the order of their tag IDs. There are no requirements with
respect to the order or location of the tag values.
Table 3 MP Index IFD Tags
Tag ID Tag Name Field Name
Dec Hex
Type Count
MP Format Version Number MPFVersion 45056 B000 UNDEFINED 4
Number of Images NumberOfImages 45057 B001 LONG 1
MP Entry MPEntry 45058 B002 UNDEFINED 16×NumberOfImages
Individual Image Unique ID list ImageUIDList 45059 B003 UNDEFINED 33×NumberOfImages
Total Number of Captured Frames TotalFrames 45060 B004 LONG 1
To In
divi
dual
Imag
e(s)
Individual image #n Unique ID (33Byte)
Individual image #1 Unique ID (33Byte)
To M
PF
Attr
ibut
e IF
D
…
Individual Image Unique ID list (12Byte)
MP Entry (16Byte)
…
MP Entry #n (16Byte)
MP Index
IFD
MP Entry (12Byte)
MP
Index
IFD
Offset of Next IFD (4Byte)
Total Number of Captured Frames (12Byte)
Number of Images = n (12Byte)
Version (12byte)
Value
MP
Index
IFD
Count (2Byte)
MP Entry #1 (16Byte)
MP Endian (4Byte)
Offset to First IFD (4Byte)
Start of Offset
Individual image Size (4Byte)
Individual image Attribute (4Byte)
Individual image Data Offset (4Byte)
Dependent image 1 Entry No. (2Byte)
Dependent image 2 Entry No. (2Byte)
Figure 6 Internal Structure of the MP Index IFD
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5.2.3.1. MP Format Version
This tag specifies the version of the MP Extensions. An MP File that complies with
this specification shall specify a 4 byte ASCII value of “0100.” Note that since the
type is UNDEFINED, the value shall not be terminated with a (NULL).
MP Format Version MPFVersion
Tag = 45056 (B000.H)
Type = UNDEFINED
Count = 4
Default = "0100"
5.2.3.2. Number of Images
This tag specifies the number of Individual Images contained in the MP File.
Number of Images NumberOfImages
Tag = 45057 (B001.H)
Type = LONG
Count = 1
Default = none
5.2.3.3. MP Entry
An MP Entry tag contains the following information pertaining to an Individual
Image: Type, Size, Data Offset, and Link(s) to Dependent Image(s).
MP Entry MPEntry
Tag = 45058 (B002.H)
Type = UNDEFINED
Count = 16×NumberOfImages
Default = none
The number of MP Entry tags shall coincide with the number of images contained
in the MP File. The MP Entry values in the Value area of the MP Index IFD shall
be aligned sequentially, without any gaps. Figure 7 describes the structure of an
MP Entry.
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MP Entry (16Byte)
Individual Image Attribute (4Byte)
Individual Image Size (4Byte)
Individual Image Data Offset (4Byte)
Dependent image 1 Entry Number (2Byte)
Dependent image 2 Entry Number (2Byte)
Figure 7 MP Entry Internal Fields
5.2.3.3.1. Individual Image Attribute
This field specifies the type attributes of the Individual Image. The field is
specified as a LONG value, and the byte order depends on MP Endian (see Figure
8).
(Reserved)
MSB LSB
15 0 31 16
Image Data Format
Dependent Child Image Flag
Representative Image Flag
MP Type Code
Dependent Parent Image Flag
Figure 8 Individual Image Attribute Field Structure
Dependent Parent Image Flag: this flag shall be set to 1 if the Individual
Image is the parent image of another dependent
Individual Image. Otherwise it shall be set to 0.
Dependent Child Image Flag: this flag shall be set to 1 if the Individual
Image is the dependent child image of another
Individual Image. Otherwise it shall be set to 0.
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Representative Image Flag: if the Individual Image is a
Representative Image, this flag is set to 1.
Otherwise it is set to 0. There can be only one
Individual Image in an MP File with the
Representative Image Flag set to 1.
Image Data Format: this code specifies the image data format of an
Individual Image
0 : JPEG
other : (Reserved)
MP Type Code: this code specifies the MP Type of an Individual
Image
Table 4 lists the available MP Types supported by this specification. There are two
sub- types supported by Large Thumbnails: Class1 and Class2. Class1 sub-types
represent images that are VGA equivalent in size. Class2 sub-types similarly
represent images that are Full HD equivalent size. See §6.1.2 for further details
regarding Large Thumbnails.
Table 4 MP Types
MP Type(s) Sub-Type(s) Description MP Type Code (Hex)
Baseline MP Primary Image 030000
Class 1 VGA equivalent 010001Large Thumbnail
Class 2 Full HD equivalent 010002
Panorama 020001
Disparity 020002
Multi-Frame Image
Multi-Angle 020003
Undefined 000000
Figure 9 shows the structure of the MP Type Code field. MP Format only supports
the MP Type Codes listed in Table 4. All other codes are restricted.
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Individual Image
Attribute
(Reserved) Type Info.
0:Undefined
1:Large Thumbnail Image
2:Multi-View Image
3:Baseline MP Primary Image
(Reserved)
MSB LSB
16 15 0 23
Sub-Type
MP Type Code
1: Class 1
2: Class 2
1: Panorama
2: Disparity
3: Multi-Angle
Figure 9 Structure of MP Type Code Field
5.2.3.3.2. Individual Image Size
This field specifies the size of the image data between the SOI and EOI markers of
an Individual Image. The field is specified as a LONG value, and the byte order
depends on MP Endian.
5.2.3.3.3. Individual Image Data Offset
This field specifies the data offset to the beginning (i.e. SOI marker) of an
Individual Image. The field is specified as a LONG value, and the byte order
depends on MP Endian. This offset is specified relative to the address of the MP
Endian field in the MP Header (see §5.2), unless the image is a First Individual
Image, in which case the value of the offset shall be NULL(00000000.H).
5.2.3.3.4. Dependent Image x Entry Number(s)
An Entry Number specifies the position of an arbitrary MP Entry relative to the
first MP Entry. The field is specified as a SHORT value, and the byte order
depends on MP Endian.
The Entry Number of the first MP Entry is 1.
If there are no Dependent Images then both the Dependent Image 1 Entry
Number and the Dependent Image 2 Entry Number fields are set to 0.
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If the Individual Image is a parent image (i.e. the Dependent Parent Image
Flag in the Individual Image Attribute field is set to 1) the flags in this field
are set depending on the number of Dependent Images:
a.) If there is one dependent child image the Dependent Image 1 Entry
Number is set to the entry number of the dependent child image, and the
Dependent Image 2 Entry Number flag is set to 0.
b.) If there are two Dependent Images, the entry number of each respective
child image is specified in the Dependent Image 1 and Dependent Image 2
Entry Number fields.
An Individual Image may have up to two Dependent Images (§A.6 describes
an example of how to create a Dependent Image).
5.2.3.4. Individual Image Unique ID List
An Image Unique ID tag [4216 (A420.H)] is specified in the Exif header of each
Individual Image. This tag contains a list of the Image Unique IDs for all of the
Individual Images contained in the MP File. The value in each Image Unique ID
tag is specified in the form of 33 bytes of ASCII characters. The total count is equal
to 33 times the total number of Individual Images specified by the
NumberOfImages tag.
The value for this tag will be (NULL) if the image is a First Individual Image, or if
the Image Unique ID is not specified.
Individual Image Unique ID List ImageUIDList
Tag = 45059 (B003.H)
Type = UNDEFINED
Count = 33×NumberOfImages
Default = none
5.2.3.5. Total Number of Captured Frames
This field specifies the number of images that were physically captured during
shooting. Large Thumbnails or images that have been created later using multiple
Individual Images, such as those described in §6.2.2 are not counted in this field.
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See §A.2.3.3 for handling of total number of captured frames during editing.
Total Number of Captured Frames TotalFrames
Tag = 45060 (B004.H)
Type = LONG
Count = 1
Default = none
5.2.4. MP Attribute IFD
Table 5 lists the set of MP Attribute Fields that are specified in the MP Attribute
IFD. Note that these tags shall be specified in the order of their Tag IDs. There are
no requirements with respect to the order or location of the tag values.
Table 5 MP individual attribute tags
Tag ID Tag Name Field Name
Dec Hex
Type Count
Common Tags
MP Format Version MPFVersion 45056 B000 UNDEFINED 4
MP Individual Image Number MPIndividualNum 45313 B101 LONG 1
Multi-View Image Tags
Panorama Scanning Orientation PanOrientation 45569 B201 LONG 1
Panorama Horizontal Overlap PanOverlap_H 45570 B202 RATIONAL 1
Panorama Vertical Overlap PanOverlap_V 45571 B203 RATIONAL 1
Base Viewpoint Number BaseViewpointNum 45572 B204 LONG 1
Convergence Angle ConvergenceAngle 45573 B205 SRATIONAL 1
Baseline Length BaselineLength 45574 B206 RATIONAL 1
Divergence Angle VerticalDivergence 45575 B207 SRATIONAL 1
Horizontal Axis Distance AxisDistance_X 45576 B208 SRATIONAL 1
Vertical Axis Distance AxisDistance_Y 45577 B209 SRATIONAL 1
Collimation Axis Distance AxisDistance_Z 45578 B20A SRATIONAL 1
Yaw Angle YawAngle 45579 B20B SRATIONAL 1
Pitch Angle PitchAngle 45580 B20C SRATIONAL 1
Roll Angle RollAngle 45581 B20D SRATIONAL 1
5.2.4.1. MP Format Version
This tag contains the same value as the MP Format Version number within the
MP Index IFD as specified in §5.2.3.1 Except for the First Individual Image, this
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tag shall also be specified when specifying an MP Attribute IFD in any Individual
Image (see Figure 3).
MP Format Version MPFVersion
Tag = 45056 (B000.H)
Type = UNDEFINED
Count = 4
Default = "0100"
5.2.4.2. MP Individual Image Number
This tag specifies a number for each Individual Image within an MP File. The
values for Multi-View Images are specified in §6.2.2. The requirement level for this
tag is different depending on the MP Type (see §5.2.5 for further details).
MP Individual Image Number MPIndividualNum
Tag = 45313 (B101.H)
Type = LONG
Count = 1
Default = none
5.2.4.3. Panorama Scanning Orientation
This tag is used to specify the direction, sequence, and positioning of the images
that comprise the final Panorama Image (see below).
Panorama Scanning Orientation PanOrientetion
Tag = 45569 (B201.H)
Type = LONG
Count = 1
Default = none
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0 P D S Y Y X X
Single dimension shot*
0:(Unused) 1:left to right 2:right to left 3:top to bottom 4:bottom to top
Multi dimensional shot* 0:(Unused) 1:Clockwise† 2:Counter Clockwise† 3:Zigzag (row start)‡ 4:Zigzag (column start)‡
Start of first image1:Top Right 2:Top Left 3:Bottom Left 4:Bottom Right
Number of images per row
Number of images per column
*Shall be one or the other, and cannot be specified at the same time. Unused flag
shall be set to 0.
†Shall also specify starting position (top right, top left, bottom left, bottom right),
and also the number of images per row
‡Shall also specify starting position (top right, top left, bottom left, bottom right),
and also the number of images per row and column
[Examples of panorama shot sequences]
(zig-zag [column])
1 6 7 12
2 5 8 11
3 4 9 10
03040230.H
(zig-zag [row])
1 2 3
(counter-clockwise)
4
8 7 6 5
9 10 11 12
03040240.H
3 2 1
4 9 8
5 6 7
03030120.H
(clockwise)
1 2 3
8 9 4
7 6 5
03030210.H
(left to right)
1 2 3
00030001.H
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5.2.4.4. Overlap Tags
The overlap tags specify the estimated amount of overlap there is between two
adjacent images in a Panorama Image sequence. Either a horizontal or vertical
overlap value can be specified based on how the images are oriented. The overlap
values are represented as a percentage of the image size (width or height
depending on the direction of the overlap). There are no requirements with respect
to the level of precision, calculation method, or use of these overlap tags.
Horizontal Overlap Value (PanOverlap_H)
This tag specifies the amount of overlap there is between two horizontally
positioned Panorama Image sequences. Valid values are been 0 and 1, inclusively
(0 ≦ PanOverlap_H ≦ 1), where 1 represents 100%. The values are represented
using a RATIONAL number.
Horizontal Overlap Value PanOverlap_H
Tag = 45570 (B202.H)
Type = RATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
(Example: 25%=0.25)
1.00
0.25
Vertical Overlap Value (PanOverlap_V)
This tag specifies the amount of overlap there is between two vertically positioned
Panorama Image sequences. Valid values are been 0 and 1, inclusively (0 ≦
PanOverlap_V ≦ 1), where 1 represents 100%. The values are represented using
a RATIONAL number.
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Vertical Overlap Value PanOverlap_V
Tag = 45571 (B203.H)
Type = RATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
(Example: 33%=0.33)
1.00
0.33
5.2.4.5. Base Viewpoint Number
This tag specifies the Viewpoint Number of the base viewpoint of a Multi-View
Image. This tag shall be specified for Disparity and Multi-Angle Images. For
Disparity Images, this tag represents the base viewpoint number where the
Convergence Angle, Baseline Length, and Divergence Angle are measured. For
Multi-Angle Images, this tag represents the base viewpoint number where the
distance along each axis and the rotation angle values are measured. Each
Individual Image that comprises the Multi-View Image should have the same
value.
Base Viewpoint Number BaseViewpointNum
Tag = 45572 (B204.H)
Type = LONG
Count = 1
Default = none
5.2.4.6. Convergence Angle
This tag specifies the Convergence Angle with respect to the reference viewpoint.
The Convergence Angle is specified as an SRATIONAL value ranging from -180 to
180 degrees. If a viewpoint is situated on the right side of the line of site
23
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
originating from the reference viewpoint, then the value is between 0 and 180
degrees. Similarly, if the viewpoint is situated on the left side, then the value is
between -180 and 0 degrees (see Figure 10).
If the Convergence Angle is unknown, then the value shall be
FFFFFFFF.H/FFFFFFFF.H.
Convergence Angle ConvergenceAngle
Tag = 45573 (B205.H)
Type = SRATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
5.2.4.7. Baseline Length
This tag specifies the Baseline Length with respect to the reference viewpoint. The
Baseline Length is specified as a RATIONAL value in units of meters (see Figure
10).
If the Baseline Length is unknown, then the value shall be
FFFFFFFF.H/FFFFFFFF.H.
Baseline Length BaselineLength
Tag = 45574 (B206.H)
Type = RATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
5.2.4.8. Divergence Angle
This tag specifies the vertical Divergence Angle with respect to the horizontal
plane that intersects with the reference viewpoint. The Divergence Angle is
specified as an SRATIONAL value, ranging from -90 to 90 degrees (see Figure 10).
This tag does not need to be specified if the vertical Divergence Angle from the
horizontal plane is 0 degrees. If the Divergence Angle is unknown, then the value
shall be FFFFFFFF.H/FFFFFFFF.H.
24
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Divergence Angle VerticalDivergence
Tag = 45575 (B207.H)
Type = SRATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
Line of sight
Line of sight
nth Viewpoint Convergence Angle
nth Viewpoint Baseline Length
nth Viewpoint
BaseViewpoint
nth ViewpointDivergence Angle
Plane that includes the Base Viewpoint and it's Line of sight
Figure 10 Convergence Angle, Baseline Length, and Divergence Angle
5.2.4.9. Vertical, Horizontal, and Collimation Axis Distances
The AxisDistance_X, AxisDistance_Y, and AxisDistance_Z tags specify the relative
distance of the Target Object along each axis of a right-hand coordinate system (i.e.
X, Y, and Z axis). The distance values along each axis are specified as an
SRATIONAL number, and are relative to the assumption that the distance
between the base viewpoint and the object is equal to 1 (see Figure 11).
Horizontal Axis Distance
Horizontal Axis Distance AxisDistance_X
Tag = 45576 (B208.H)
Type = SRATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Vertical Axis Distance
Vertical Axis Distance AxisDistance_Y
Tag = 45577 (B209.H)
Type = SRATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
Collimation Axis Distance
Collimation Axis Distance AxisDistance_Z
Tag = 45578 (B20A.H)
Type = SRATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
5.2.4.10. Yaw Angle, Pitch Angle and Roll Angle
The YawAngle, PitchAngle, and RollAngle tags specify the amount of rotation in
degrees, with the clockwise rotation being the positive direction. The value is
specified as an SRATIONAL number between -180 and 180 degrees. All three tag
values for the line of sight from the base viewpoint will be 0 (see Figure 11).
26
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
0 (Object)
1
Base Viewpoint(0, 0, 1)
0Y, 0P, 0R
(0, 1, 0) 0Y, -90P, 0R
(1, 0, 0) 90Y, 0P, 0R
1 1
Y (Vertical Axis)
Z (Collimation Axis)
Roll
Yaw
Pitch
X (Horizontal Axis)
Figure 11 Axis distance and Rotation angles
Yaw Angle
Yaw Angle YawAngle
Tag = 45579 (B20B.H)
Type = SRATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
Pitch Angle
Pitch Angle PitchAngle
Tag = 45580 (B20C.H)
Type = SRATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Roll Angle
Roll Angle RollAngle
Tag = 45581 (B20D.H)
Type = SRATIONAL
Count = 1
Default = none
5.2.5. Requirement Level for Tag Support
Table 6 lists the support level requirements for the tags within the MP Index IFD.
Table 7 lists the support level requirements for the MP Attribute IFD in a Baseline
MP File. Table 8 lists the support level requirements for MP Attribute IFD in an
Extended MP File.
Table 6 MP Index IFD Tag Support Level
Tag ID Tag Name Field Name
Dec Hex
Level
MP Format Version Number MPFVersion 45056 B000 M
Number of Images NumberOfImages 45057 B001 M
MP Entry Information MPEntry 45058 B002 M
Individual Image Unique ID list ImageUIDList 45059 B003 O
Total Number of Captured Frames TotalFrames 45060 B004 O Level: specifies the tag support requirements
M: Mandatory O: Optional
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Table 7 MP Attribute IFD Tag Support Level (for Baseline MP Files)
Tag ID Tag Name Field Name
Dec Hex
Level
Common Tags
MP Format Version MPFVersion 45056 B000 N
MP Individual Image Number MPIndividualNum 45313 B101 N
Multi-View Image Tags
Panorama Scanning Orientation PanOrientation 45569 B201 N
Panorama Horizontal Overlap PanOverlap_H 45570 B202 N
Panorama Vertical Overlap PanOverlap_V 45571 B203 N
Base Viewpoint Number BaseViewpointNum 45572 B204 N
Convergence Angle ConvergenceAngle 45573 B205 N
Baseline Length BaselineLength 45574 B206 N
Divergence Angle VerticalDivergence 45575 B207 N
Horizontal Axis Distance AxisDistance_X 45576 B208 N
Vertical Axis Distance AxisDistance_Y 45577 B209 N
Collimation Axis Distance AxisDistance_Z 45578 B20A N
Yaw Angle YawAngle 45579 B20B N
Pitch Angle PitchAngle 45580 B20C N
Roll Angle RollAngle 45581 B20D N Level: specifies the tag support requirements
N: Not Specified
29
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Table 8 MP Attribute IFD Tag Support Level (for Extended MP Files)
Tag ID Level
Tag Name
Field Name
Dec
Hex
Larg
e Thum
bnail
Pano
rama
Disp
arity
Mult
i-Angl
e
Unde
fined
Common Tags
MP Format Version MPFVersion 45056 B000 N CM1 CM1 CM1 CM1
MP Individual Image Number MPIndividualNum 45313 B101 N CM2 CM2 CM2 CM2
Multi-View Image Tags
Panorama Scanning Orientation PanOrientation 45569 B201 N R N N N
Panorama Horizontal Overlap PanOverlap_H 45570 B202 N O N N N
Panorama Vertical Overlap PanOverlap_V 45571 B203 N O N N N
Base Viewpoint Number BaseViewpointNum 45572 B204 N N CM3 CM3 N
Convergence Angle ConvergenceAngle 45573 B205 N N R N N
Baseline Length BaselineLength 45574 B206 N N R N N
Divergence Angle VerticalDivergence 45575 B207 N N O N N
Horizontal Axis Distance AxisDistance_X 45576 B208 N N N R N
Vertical Axis Distance AxisDistance_Y 45577 B209 N N N R N
Collimation Axis Distance AxisDistance_Z 45578 B20A N N N R N
Yaw Angle YawAngle 45579 B20B N N N R N
Pitch Angle PitchAngle 45580 B20C N N N R N
Roll Angle RollAngle 45581 B20D N N N R N Level: specifies the tag support requirements
CM1: Conditionally Mandatory (see §5.2.4.1) CM2: Conditionally Mandatory (see §6.2.2) CM3: Conditionally Mandatory (see §5.2.4.5) R: Recommended O: Optional N: Not Specified
6. File Specification 6.1. Baseline MP File
A Baseline MP File comprises a Primary Image (i.e. Baseline MP Primary Image)
as the first Individual Image, and a maximum of two Large Thumbnails. The first
Individual Image contains MP Extensions. Large Thumbnails follow the first
Individual Image. In a Baseline MP File, the maximum number of Individual
Images is 3 (including the Baseline MP Primary Image).
The Baseline MP Primary Image shall contain MP Extensions. The MP Extensions
includes at least the mandatory set of MP Index IFD tags shown in Table 6, but
30
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
the MP Attribute IFD shall be entirely omitted, as shown in Table 7.
A Baseline MP File should have at least one Large Thumbnail; however, Baseline
MP Files that do not contain Large Thumbnails are considered valid MP Files as
long it contains MP Extensions.
6.1.1. Specification of Baseline MP Primary Image
6.1.1.1. Specification of MP Extensions
In the Baseline MP Primary Image, the Offset to Next IFD field in the MP Index
IFD shall be NULL (00000000.H). The MP Attribute IFD shall not be recorded.
6.1.1.2. MP Type
The Baseline MP Primary Image shall have the MP Type Code for Baseline MP
Primary Image as listed in Table 4.
6.1.2. Specification of Large Thumbnails
6.1.2.1. Specification of MP Extensions
Large Thumbnails shall not contain the APP2 for MP Extensions.
6.1.2.2. Number of Pixels of Large Thumbnails
For a Class 1 image, the maximum width is 640 pixels and the maximum height is
480 pixels, and either the width or the height shall be the maximum number. For a
Class 2 image, the maximum width is 1920 pixels and the maximum height is
1080 pixels, and either the width or the height shall be the maximum number. For
either Class 1 or 2, the aspect ratio of the Large Thumbnail shall be equal to the
aspect ratio of the Large Thumbnail Source Image. Figure 12 describes the various
possible aspect ratios of a Large Thumbnail.
31
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Large Thumbnail Image Large thumbnail source image
Aspect Ratio (General Example)
Class 1 Class 2
4:3
Orientation = 1
Orientation = 1
16:9
Orientation = 1
Orientation = 1
The orientation shall be the same as large thumbnail source image. The value of the orientation may be specified 1 or 6.
Same as on the left
4:3
Rotated Shot
Orientation = 1 Orientation = 6
Orientation = 1 Orientation = 6
1920 pixels
1080 pixels
1440 pixels810 pixels
1080 pixels 1080 pixels
1080 pixels
1440 pixels640 pixels
480 pixels
640 pixels
360 pixels
640 pixels360 pixels
480 pixels
Figure 12 Large thumbnail orientation
6.1.2.3. Padding
Padding may be added as specified in Ҥ4.8.1 Stipulations on Compressed Image
Size” of the Exif 2.2 specification only for the case in which the pixel count of the
Large Thumbnail is not a multiple of the MCU of a JPEG compressed image
specified in the Exif standard.
6.1.2.4. Relationship between Large Thumbnails and Baseline MP Primary Images
6.1.2.4.1. Dependency Relationship
Large Thumbnails shall be a Dependent Image of a Baseline MP Primary Image. A
Baseline MP Primary Image may have at most one Class1 and one Class2 images
32
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
(total of two Large Thumbnails). Furthermore, if two Large Thumbnails exist then
both may be specified as Dependent Images of a Baseline MP Primary Image.
6.1.2.4.2. Sameness
Large Thumbnails shall have the same angle of view, signal level, aspect ratio,
orientation, and color space attributes as the Baseline MP Primary Image.
6.1.2.5. Exif Thumbnails
The Exif Thumbnail in APP1, specified in Exif 2.21, may be omitted from a Large
Thumbnail image.
6.1.3. Specification of File Extension
The file extension of a Baseline MP File shall be “JPG”.
6.2. Extended MP Files
An Extended MP File contains multiple Primary Images that have one of the MP
types described in Table 4. Large Thumbnails may also be added to each Primary
Image. Several Primary Images may also be combined or stitched into one image
and added as one or plural separate Individual Images.
The First Individual Image of an Extended MP File shall have the MP Extensions.
The MP Extensions shall at least contain the mandatory MP Index IFD tags as
specified in Table 6 and the appropriate MP Attribute IFD tags specified in Table
8.
An Extended MP File may contain only one Primary Image. There is no
requirement for the order in which the Individual Images are contained in the MP
File.
6.2.1. Restrictions for Extended MP Files
6.2.1.1. MP Type
Except for Large Thumbnails, Individual Images with different MP Types shall
not co-exist in a single MP File. An Individual Image that has been created by
stitching plural Individual Images shall inherit the same MP Type as the
33
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Individual Images before stitching.
6.2.1.2. Multiplexing
The MP Index IFD shall exist only in the First Individual Image, and not in any of
the other Individual Images.
6.2.1.3. Dependency Relationship
Dependent Images shall not be nested. In other words, any Individual Image shall
not set both its Dependent Child Image Flag and its Dependent Parent Image Flag
to 1.
6.2.2. Specification of MP Individual Image Number
6.2.2.1. Panorama Images
MP Individual Image Number tags shall be specified for Panorama Images. MP
Individual Image Number identifies the position and sequence of the image with
respect to the overall layout of the panorama. The value for the MP Individual
Image Number tag starts with 1. The layout of the Individual Images are shown in
§5.2.4.3. A value of FFFFFFFF.H shall be specified for the MP Individual Image
Number if the position of an image with respect to the overall layout is unknown.
A value of 00000000.H shall be specified for the MP Individual Image Number if
the image is a stitched composite of the entire panorama sequence or if the image
is a thumbnail index of all of the Individual Images that makes up the panorama.
6.2.2.2. Disparity Images
MP Individual Image Number tags shall be specified for Disparity Images. MP
Individual Image Number is the image’s Viewpoint Number which identifies the
position and sequence of the camera (viewpoint) during shooting. The value for the
MP Individual Image Number tag starts with 1. A value of FFFFFFFF.H shall be
specified for the MP Individual Image Number if the position of an image is
unknown. For Disparity Images, the MP Individual Image Number shall be
numbered from leftmost viewpoint (relative to the line of site to the target subject)
to the rightmost viewpoint. This rule applies even if the viewpoints are not
34
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
situated on a fully planar surface. There are no requirements for vertical position
or sequence (see Figure 13).
A value of 00000000.H shall be specified for the MP Individual Image Number if
the image is a composite of multiple Individual Images.
Viewpoint #2 Viewpoint #3
Viewpoint #1 Viewpoint #4
Shot Direction
Figure 13 Example of Enumerating Viewpoints
6.2.2.3. Multi-Angle Images
MP Individual Image Number tags shall be specified for Multi-Angle Images. MP
Individual Image Number is the image’s Viewpoint Number which identifies the
position of the viewpoint. The value for the MP Individual Image Number tag
starts with 1. A value of FFFFFFFF.H shall be specified for the MP Individual
Image Number if the position of an image is unknown.
A value of 00000000.H shall be specified for the MP Individual Image Number if
the image is a composite of multiple Individual Images.
6.2.2.4. Specification of MP Individual Image Numbers of Undefined Image Type
MP Individual Image Numbers shall be specified when the Total Number of
Captured Frames is specified in the MP file with Individual Images of Undefined
Image Type. A value of 00000000.H shall be specified for the MP Individual Image
Number if the image is not counted in the Total Number of Captured Frames.
There are no requirements for MP Individual Image Number tags with respect to
35
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Undefined Image Types.
6.2.2.5. Duplicate MP Individual Image Numbers
Except for Images with MP Individual Image Numbers of 00000000.H or
FFFFFFFF.H, images with the same MP Individual Image Numbers shall not
co-exist in a single MP File.
6.2.3. Specification of Large Thumbnails
The specification of Large Thumbnails in Extended MP Files follows the same
rules for Baseline MP Files specified in §6.1.2, replacing all reference to “Baseline
MP Primary Image” with “Large Thumbnail Source Image”.
6.2.4. Specification of MP Extensions
For the First Individual Image in an Extended MP File, the MP Attribute IFD
shall be omitted if there are no MP Attribute Fields to be specified.
6.2.5. File Extension Specification
The file extension of an Extended MP Files shall be “MPO”1.
7. Exif Tag Support Requirements
This section describes the support level requirements for the Exif tags in the APP1
marker segment.
For Large Thumbnails, specifying the same tags as the Large Thumbnail Source
Image is prohibited. If there are no unique tag values to be specified, the APP1
marker as a whole shall be omitted.
For Individual Images other than Large Thumbnails, the Exif tag support level
requirements as specified in the Exif 2.21 specification should be followed. Table 9
through Table 13 describes each of the Exif tag support levels in detail.
1 MPO stands for Multi Picture Object.
36
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Table 9 Exif Tag Support Levels (1) - 0th IFD TIFF Tag -
Baseline MP File
Dec Hex Large ThumbnailImage Other
LargeThumbnail
ImageImage width ImageWidth 256 100 N NImage height ImageLength 257 101 N NNumber of bits per component BitsPerSample 258 102 N NCompression scheme Compression 259 103 N NPixel composition PhotometricInterpretation 262 106 N NImage title ImageDescription 270 10E N NManufacturer of image input equipment Make 271 10F N NModel of image input equipment Model 272 110 N NImage data location StripOffsets 273 111 N NOrientation of image Orientation 274 112 N NNumber of components SamplesPerPixel 277 115 N NNumber of rows per strip RowsPerStrip 278 116 N NBytes per compressed strip StripByteCounts 279 117 N NImage resolution in width direction XResolution 282 11A CM1 CM1
Image resolution in height direction YResolution 283 11B CM1 CM1
Image data arrangement PlanarConfiguration 284 11C N NUnit of X and Y resolution ResolutionUnit 296 128 CM1 CM1
Transfer function TransferFunction 301 12D N NSoftware used Software 305 131 N NFile change date and time DateTime 306 132 N NPerson who created the image Artist 315 13B N NWhite point chromaticity WhitePoint 318 13E N NChromaticities of primaries PrimaryChromaticities 319 13F N NOffset to JPEG SOI JPEGInterchangeFormat 513 201 N NBytes of JPEG data JPEGInterchangeFormatLength 514 202 N NColor space transformation matrix coefficients YCbCrCoefficients 529 211 N NSubsampling ratio of Y to C YCbCrSubSampling 530 212 N NY and C positioning YCbCrPositioning 531 213 N NPair of black and white reference values ReferenceBlackWhite 532 214 N NCopyright holder Copyright 33432 8298 N NExif tag Exif IFD Pointer 34665 8769 CM2 CM2
GPS tag GPSInfo IFD Pointer 34853 8825 N N
Same asExif 2.21
: Tags that may be specified in the Large Thumbnail
Notation
CM1:Specify only if defferent from the source image.
Duplicate specification not recommended.
N:Not Specified
CM2:Required if specifying Exif Private Tags
Field Name
Tag ID Extended MP File
Tag Name
37
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Table 10 Exif Tag Support Levels (2) - 0th IFD Exif Private Tag -
Baseline MP File
Dec Hex Large ThumbnailImage Other Large Thumbnail
ImageExposure time ExposureTime 33434 829A N NF number FNumber 33437 829D N NExposure program ExposureProgram 34850 8822 N NSpectral sensitivity SpectralSensitivity 34852 8824 N NISO speed ratings ISOSpeedRatings 34855 8827 N NOptoelectric coefficient OECF 34856 8828 N NExif Version ExifVersion 36864 9000 N NDate and time original image was generated DateTimeOriginal 36867 9003 N NDate and time image was made digital data DateTImeDigitized 36868 9004 N NMeaning of each component ComponentsConfiguration 37121 9101 N NImage compression mode CompressedBitsPerPixel 37122 9102 N NShutter speed ShutterSpeedValue 37377 9201 N NAperture ApertureValue 37378 9202 N NBrightness BrightnessValue 37379 9203 N NExposure bias ExposureBiasValue 37380 9204 N NMaximum lens aperture MaxApertureValue 37381 9205 N NSubject distance SubjectDistance 37382 9206 N NMetering mode MeteringMode 37383 9207 N NLight source LightSource 37384 9208 N NFlash Flash 37385 9209 N NLens focal length FocalLength 37386 920A N NSubject area SubjectArea 37396 9214 N NManufacturer notes MakerNote 37500 927C O OUser comments UserComment 37510 9286 N NDateTime subseconds SubSec 37520 9290 N NDateTimeOriginal subseconds SubSecTimeOriginal 37521 9291 N NDateTimeDigitized subseconds SubsecTimeDigitized 37522 9292 N NSupported Flashpix version FlashPixVersion 40960 A000 N NColor space information ColorSpace 40961 A001 N NValid image width PixelXDimension 40962 A002 CM1 CM1
Valid image height PixelYDimension 40963 A003 CM1 CM1
Related audio file RelatedSoundFile 40964 A004 N NInteroperability tag Interoperability IFD Pointer 40965 A005 N NFlash energy Flash Energy 41483 A20B N NSpatial frequency response SpatialFrequencyResponse 41484 A20C N NFocal plane X resolution FocalPlaneXResolution 41486 A20E N NFocal plane Y resolution FocalPlaneYResolution 41487 A20F N NFocal plane resolution unit FocalPlaneResolutionUnit 41488 A210 N NSubject location SubjectLocation 41492 A214 N NExposure index ExposureIndex 41493 A215 N NSensing method SensingMethod 41495 A217 N NFile source FileSource 41728 A300 N NScene type SceneType 41729 A301 N NCFA pattern CFAPattern 41730 A302 N NCustom image processing CustomRendered 41985 A401 N NExposure mode ExposureMode 41986 A402 N NWhite balance WhiteBalance 41987 A403 N NDigital zoom ratio DigitalZoomRatio 41988 A404 N NFocal length in 35 mm film FocalLengthIn35mmFilm 41989 A405 N NScene capture type SceneCaptureType 41990 A406 N NGain control GainControl 41991 A407 N NContrast Contrast 41992 A408 N NSaturation Saturation 41993 A409 N NSharpness Sharpness 41994 A40A N NDevice settings description DeviceSettingDescription 41995 A40B N NSubject distance range SubjectDistanceRange 41996 A40C N NUnique image ID ImageUniqueID 42016 A420 O OGamma Gamma 42240 A500 N N
O:Optional N:Not Specified
Same asExif 2.21
Tag Name Field NameTag ID Extended MP File
CM1:Specify only if defferent from the source image. Duplicate specification not recommended.: Tags that may be specified in the Large Thumbnail
Notation
38
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Table 11 Exif Tag Support Levels (3) - 0th IFD GPS Tag -
Baseline MP File
Dec Hex Large ThumbnailImage Other
LargeThumbnai
l ImageGPS tag version GPSVersionID 0 0 N NNorth or South Latitude GPSLatitudeRef 1 1 N NLatitude GPSLatitude 2 2 N NEast or West Longitude GPSLongitudeRef 3 3 N NLongitude GPSLongitude 4 4 N NAltitude reference GPSAltitudeRef 5 5 N NAltitude GPSAltitude 6 6 N NGPS time (atomic clock) GPSTimeStamp 7 7 N NGPS satellites used for measurement GPSSatellites 8 8 N NGPS receiver status GPSStatus 9 9 N NGPS measurement mode GPSMeasureMode 10 A N NMeasurement precision GPSDOP 11 B N NSpeed unit GPSSpeedRef 12 C N NSpeed of GPS receiver GPSSpeed 13 D N NReference for direction of movement GPSTrackRef 14 E N NDirection of movement GPSTrack 15 F N NReference for direction of image GPSImgDirectionRef 16 10 N NDirection of image GPSImgDirection 17 11 N NGeodetic survey data used GPSMapDatum 18 12 N NReference for latitude of destination GPSDestLatitudeRef 19 13 N NLatitude of destination GPSDestLatitude 20 14 N NReference for longitude of destination GPSDestLongitudeRef 21 15 N NLongitude of destination GPSDestLongitude 22 16 N NReference for bearing of destination GPSDestBearingRef 23 17 N NBearing of destination GPSDestBearing 24 18 N NReference for distance to destination GPSDestDistanceRef 25 19 N NDistance to destination GPSDestDistance 26 1A N NName of GPS processing method GPSProcessingMethod 27 1B N NName of GPS area GPSAreaInformation 28 1C N NGPS date GPSDateStamp 29 1D N NGPS differential correction GPSDifferential 30 1E N N
N:Not SpecifiedNotation
Tag ID
Tag Name Field Name
Extended MP File
Same asExif 2.21
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Table 12 Exif Tag Support Levels (4) - 0th IFD Interoperability Tag -
Baseline MP File
Dec HexLarge
ThumbnailImage
OtherLarge
Thumbnail Image
Interoperability Identification InteroperabilityIndex 1 1 N NInteroperability Index InteroperabilityVersion 2 2 N NInteroperability Version RelatedImageFileFormat 4096 1000 N NRelated Image File Format RelatedImageWidth 4097 1001 N NRelated Image Width RelatedImageLength 4098 1002 N N
Same asExif 2.21
Notation N:Not Specified
Tag Name Field Name
Extended MP FileTag ID
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Table 13 Exif Tag Support Levels (5) - 1st IFD TIFF Tag -
Baseline MP File
Dec Hex Large ThumbnailImage Other
LargeThumbnail
ImageImage width ImageWidth 256 100 N NImage height ImageLength 257 101 N NNumber of bits per component BitsPerSample 258 102 N NCompression scheme Compression 259 103 N NPixel composition PhotometricInterpretation 262 106 N NImage title ImageDescription 270 10E N NManufacturer of image input equipment Make 271 10F N NModel of image input equipment Model 272 110 N NImage data location StripOffsets 273 111 N NOrientation of image Orientation 274 112 N NNumber of components SamplesPerPixel 277 115 N NNumber of rows per strip RowsPerStrip 278 116 N NBytes per compressed strip StripByteCounts 279 117 N NImage resolution in width direction XResolution 282 11A N NImage resolution in height direction YResolution 283 11B N NImage data arrangement PlanarConfiguration 284 11C N NUnit of X and Y resolution ResolutionUnit 296 128 N NTransfer function TransferFunction 301 12D N NSoftware used Software 305 131 N NFile change date and time DateTime 306 132 N NPerson who created the image Artist 315 13B N NWhite point chromaticity WhitePoint 318 13E N NChromaticities of primaries PrimaryChromaticities 319 13F N NOffset to JPEG SOI JPEGInterchangeFormat 513 201 O OBytes of JPEG data JPEGInterchangeFormatLength 514 202 O OColor space transformation matrix coefficients YCbCrCoefficients 529 211 N NSubsampling ratio of Y to C YCbCrSubSampling 530 212 N NY and C positioning YCbCrPositioning 531 213 N NPair of black and white reference values ReferenceBlackWhite 532 214 N NCopyright holder Copyright 33432 8298 N NExif tag Exif IFD Pointer 34665 8769 O OGPS tag GPSInfo IFD Pointer 34853 8825 N N
Same asExif 2.21
Notation
: Tags that may be specified in the Large Thumbnail
O:Optional
N:Not Specified
Tag Name
Tag ID
Field Name
Extended MP File
41
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.Annex A.1.MP Data Structure and File Specification (Informative) The MP Format specification defines a general data structure for containing
multiple images into a single file, along with two specific file types, Baseline MP
File and Extended MP File, which utilizes this structure. These file types specify a
minimum set of mandatory tags that are required to manage the multiple images
contained in the file.
A Baseline MP File contains one Baseline MP Primary Image along with an
associated Large Thumbnail, and its file extension is “JPG”.
An Extended MP File can contain multiple Primary Images, and its file extension
is “MPO”.
Figure 14 visually describes the above relationship between the specification of
these file types.
MP Extensions
Large ThumbnailImage
Extended MP File
Multi-View Image
Baseline MP File
Baseline MP Primary Image
MP Format Data Structure
Figure 14 Relationship between the MPF Data and File Structures
A.2.Interoperability Guidelines (Normative) This section describes a set of guidelines concerning the behavior of devices and
software that utilize this specification.
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.2.1.Creating an MP File A.2.1.1.Creating a Baseline MP File A Primary Image that has a large number of pixels should contain a Large
Thumbnail.
A.2.1.2.Creating an Extended MP File A.2.1.2.1. Image Unique ID A value for the Exif ImageUniqueID tag [42016 (A420.H)] should be specified in
the Exif header of each Individual Image of an Extended MP File. The
ImageUniqueID values for all of the Individual Images are listed in the
ImageUIDList tag in the MP Index IFD of the First Individual Image. This will
allow each Individual Image to be split up into independent image files, while
maintaining the linkage across all of the images by cross referencing with the
ImageUIDList in the First Individual Image.
A.2.1.2.2. Order of Individual Images For Disparity Images, it is recommended that all Multi-View Images be contained
in the MP File in the order of their MP Individual Image Number values.
A.2.1.2.3. Specifying the Representative Image When creating Disparity Images the center most image should be specified as the
Representative Image.
If there are an even number of viewpoints, the Representative Image should be the
image with the Viewpoint Number equal to (number of viewpoints)/2 or (number of
viewpoints/2)+1. If there are an odd number of viewpoints, the Representative
Image should be the image with the Viewpoint Number equal to (number of
viewpoints/2)+0.5
A.2.2.MP File Playback A.2.2.1.Playback of Baseline MP Files A hardware and software product that supports playback of Baseline MP Files
shall recognize the presence of a Large Thumbnail and shall be capable of
reproducing either of the Large Thumbnail, the Baseline MP Primary Image, or
the Exif Thumbnail image. Requirements for how the Large Thumbnail is
recognized and how an image is reproduced, including support for DCF optional
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
color space, are beyond the scope of this specification.
A.2.2.2.Playback of Extended MP Files A hardware or software product that supports playback of Extended MP Files
shall be capable of either reproducing the Individual Images appropriate for their
MP Type, or simply reproducing each Individual Image separately. However, the
reproducing capability may be restricted by the large file size as described in §A.5.
The reproduction of an Individual Image may be substituted by the reproduction
of its Exif Thumbnail or the Large Thumbnail dependent on the Individual Image.
Furthermore, a hardware or software product that supports the playback of
Multi-View Images shall reproduce the Individual Images even in the case when
the order of MP Entries does not match the order of the MP Individual Image
Numbers, or in the case when the order of MP Entries does not match the order of
the Individual Images, or in the case when the MP Individual Image Numbers are
not continuous.
A.2.2.3.Playback in accordance with the MP Endian A hardware or software product that supports playback of MP Files should confirm
the MP endian to properly read and process the MP Extensions. It is cautioned
that reproducing the MP Extensions without complying with the MP endian might
lead to mis-interpretation of the MP Extensions if the Exif endian does not
coincide with the MP endian.
A.2.2.4.Handling of other JPEG Marker Segments In an MP Format, the MP Extensions may co-exist with other APP2 (such as
Flashpix). A hardware or software product that supports MP File can properly
reproduce the MP file by skipping over the other APPn and COM markers except
the APP1 and APP2 specified in this specification.
A.2.3.Editing and Overwriting MP Files A.2.3.1.Updating Tag Information A hardware or software product shall properly update the tags such as the data
offset of Individual Images when overwriting the MP file after editing, re-encoding
or deleting a particular images in the MP file or after editing the tags or inserting
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
APPn in the MP file.
A.2.3.2.Handling of Large Thumbnails during Edit Operations When editing a Large Thumbnail Source Image, the Large Thumbnail should also
be edited appropriately to match the source image in order to comply with the
specification in §6.1.2.4.2.
A.2.3.3.Handling of Total Number of Captured Frames during Editing When an MP file is overwritten after revising the number of Individual Images by
editing, etc. the total number of captured frames shall not be changed. To create a
new file with the number of Individual Images revised, the total number of
captured frames at the time of creating should be specified in the new file.
A.3.Precautions on the Representation of Functions (Informative) The representation of functions of a hardware or software product compliant with
this standard should note the range of compatible MP file types.
Regarding representations such as Multi-Picture Format Compatibility without a
clear corresponding MP file, users may misunderstand that the hardware or
software product is compatible with all types of MP files. A hardware or software
product compatible with only some types should not be represented in this way.
A.3.1.Representation Example A representation example is shown below. (Representation examples are not
limited to this.)
For a hardware or software product which records, plays, or edits a Baseline MP
file and overwrites the MP file, it may, for example, be represented as “compatible
with MPF (HD thumbnail)” or “compatible with MPF (VGA thumbnail)”.
A hardware or software product which records the some type of the Extended MP
file, plays the Extended MP file appropriate to the MP type, or edits and
overwrites the Extended MP file may, for example, be represented as “compatible
with MPF (Panorama)”.
A hardware or software product which plays each of the Individual Images of an
Extended MP file may, for example, be represented as “compatible with MPF
(individual play)”.
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.4.Reference to the DCF Specification (Informative) By complying with the DCF specification, a Baseline MP File may be handled as a
DCF basic file or a DCF optional file.
An Extended MP File may be handled as a DCF extended image file.
A.4.1.Individual Image Data Format A Baseline MP File may be handled as a DCF basic file or a DCF optional file by
making the data format of the Baseline MP Primary Image comply with the image
data format specified by DCF standard. Furthermore, the handling of the images
will be more convenient by making the chrominance sampling and Huffman table
the same between the Large Thumbnail and the Baseline MP Primary Image.
The handling of the Extended MP file will be more convenient by making the
chrominance sampling and Huffman table the same among the Individual Images.
A.4.2.DCF Object Structure A DCF object structure may be formed by creating a separate DCF basic or
optional file of the Representative Image in an Extended MP File. Until Readers
supporting Extended MP Files become popular, Extended MP Files should be
created with a DCF object structure, so that the DCF-compliant Readers may
reproduce the Representative Image.
A.4.3.Handling of DCF Objects during Editing Operations When the Representative Image in the MP file is edited for a DCF object structure
as specified in §A.4.2, applying the same modification to the DCF basic file or the
DCF optional file with the modification to the Representative Image can ensure
the consistency between the Representative Image in the MP file and the DCF
basic file or the DCF optional file.
A.5.Restrictions for Extended MP File Playback (Informative) Some products may not be able to properly handle large Extended MP Files due to
limitations in file size. In the cases like this, it is recommended that the product
issue some kind of warning to the user, whether via documentation or on-screen
message, stating that it may not be able to read some Extended MP Files that are
46
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
larger than the product’s maximum supported file size.
Furthermore, if some or all of the Individual Images are unreadable due to the
design of the product (whether it be the Large Thumbnail, Exif Thumbnail, or any
other Individual Image), the user may be notified via some form of user interface.
A.6.Example of Creating a Large Thumbnail (Informative) MP Attribute IFD in the First Individual Image and the APP2 in the Large
Thumbnail shall not be recorded as specified in §6.1.1.1 and §6.1.2.1 when the
Baseline MP file contains the Large Thumbnail. Furthermore, Exif Thumbnail in
the Large Thumbnail may be omitted as specified in §6.1.2.5 (see Figure 15).
"MPF" MP Header
Exif Attributes
SOI
EOI
First Individual Image
Exif Attributes
Thumbnail
SOI
EOI
Individual Image(2)
MP Extensions
APP2 APP2
Value
(MP Index IFD)
MP Index IFD
MP Entry 1 (First Individual Image)
MP Entry 2 (Individual Image 2)
Dependent Parent Image Flag = 1 Dependent Child Image Flag = 0 Dependent image 1 Entry Num.= 2Dependent image 2 Entry Num.= 0
Dependent Parent Image Flag = 0 Dependent Child Image Flag = 1 Dependent image 1 Entry Num.= 0Dependent image 2 Entry Num.= 0
Shall be omitted if there are no attributes to be recorded(See §7)
Figure 15 Example method for storing Dependent Images
A.7.Updating the MP Entry during the Deletion of an Individual Image (Informative) Figure 16 shows an example of updating operation of the MP Entry in accordance
with the specification in §5.2.3.3 when deleting an Individual Image from the MP
File.
47
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
MP Entry #2 (16Byte)
MP Entry #3 (16Byte)
MP Entry #4 (16Byte)
MP Index IFD
Individual image #4 Unique ID (33Byte)
Individual image #1 Unique ID (33Byte)
Individual Image Unique ID list (12Byte)
…
MP Entry (12Byte)
MP
Index
IFD
Offset of Next IFD (4Byte)
Total Number of Captured Frames (12Byte)
Number of Images = 4 (12Byte)
Version (12byte)
Value
MP
Index
IFD
Count (2Byte)
MP Entry #1 (16Byte)
MP Entry #2 (16Byte)
MP Entry #3 (16Byte)
Individual image #3 Unique ID (33Byte)
Individual image #1 Unique ID (33Byte)
Individual Image Unique ID list (12Byte)
…
MP Entry (12Byte)
MP
Index
IFD
Offset of Next IFD (4Byte)
Total Number of Captured Frames (12Byte)
Number of Images = 3 (12Byte)
Version (12byte)
Value
MP
Index
IFD
Count (2Byte)
MP Entry #1 (16Byte)
Figure 16 Example of Updating the MP Entry after Delete
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.8.Use Cases A.8.1.Large Thumbnails for Displays (e.g. TV)
Individual Image 2
(Large Thumbnail Image)
First Individual
Image
Shot Header
MP File
Display
Individual Image 2 Header
A.8.2.Multi View Images
Multi-VIew Display
Multi-View Camera
Individual Image 3
Individual Image 2
First Individual
Image
Individual Image n
MP File
Header
…
Individual Image 2 Header
Individual Image 3 Header
Individual Image n Header
…
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.9.Panorama Image Examples A.9.1.Horizontal Only Shots
30%30% 30%
[Image 1] PanOrientation 00040001.H
MPIndividualNum 00000001.H
PanOverlap_H 00000000.H/00000640.H
PanOverlap_V 00000000.H/000004B0.H
[Image 2] PanOrientation 00040001.H
MPIndividualNum 00000002.H
PanOverlap_H 000001E0.H/00000640.H
PanOverlap_V 00000000.H/000004B0.H
[Image 3] PanOrientation 00040001.H
MPIndividualNum 00000003.H
PanOverlap_H 000001E0.H/00000640.H
PanOverlap_V 00000000.H/000004B0.H
[Image 4] PanOrientation 00040001.H
MPIndividualNum 00000004.H
PanOverlap_H 000001E0.H/00000640.H
PanOverlap_V 00000000.H/000004B0.H
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.9.2.Horizontal and Vertical Shots
25%
20%
25%
[Image 1] PanOrientation 02020120.H
MPIndividualNum 00000001.H
PanOverlap_H 00000000.H/00000640.H
PanOverlap_V 00000000.H/000004B0.H
[Image 2] PanOrientation 02020120.H
MPIndividualNum 00000002.H
PanOverlap_H 00000190.H/00000640.H
PanOverlap_V 00000000.H/000004B0.H
[Image 3] PanOrientation 02020120.H
MPIndividualNum 00000003.H
PanOverlap_H 00000000.H/00000640.H
PanOverlap_V 000000F0.H/000004B0.H
[Image 4] PanOrientation 02020120.H
MPIndividualNum 00000004.H
PanOverlap_H 00000190.H/00000640.H
PanOverlap_V 00000000.H/000004B0.H
➀ ➁
➂ ➃
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.10.Disparity Image Examples
Shot Direction
2°4°-2°
65mm65mm
130mm
Viewpoint #2 (Base Viewpoint)
Viewpoint #3
Viewpoint #1 Viewpoint #4
[Image 1] MPIndividualNum 00000001.H
BaseViewpointNum 00000002.H
ConvergenceAngle FFFFFFFE.H/00000001.H
BaselineLength 00000041.H/000003E8.H
[Image 2] MPIndividualNum 00000002.H
BaseViewpointNum 00000002.H
ConvergenceAngle 00000000.H/00000001.H
BaselineLength 00000000.H/000003E8.H
[Image 3] MPIndividualNum 00000003.H
BaseViewpointNum 00000002.H
ConvergenceAngle 00000002.H/00000001.H
BaselineLength 00000041.H/000003E8.H
[Image 4] MPIndividualNum 00000004.H
BaseViewpointNum 00000002.H
ConvergenceAngle 00000004.H/00000001.H
BaselineLength 00000082.H/000003E8.H
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
A.11.Multi-Angle Image Examples
0 (Object)
1
1 1
Y (Vertical Axis)
Z (Collimation Axis)
Roll
Yaw
Pitch
Viewpoint 1 (Base Viewpoint)
Viewpoint 2
Viewpoint 3
X (Horizontal Axis)
[Image 1] MPIndividualNum 00000001.H
BaseViewpointNum 00000001.H
AxisDistance_X 00000000.H/00000001.H
AxisDistance_Y 00000000.H/00000001.H
AxisDistance_Z 00000001.H/00000001.H
YawAngle 00000000.H/00000001.H
PitchAngle 00000000.H/00000001.H
RollAngle 00000000.H/00000001.H
[Image 2] MPIndividualNum 00000002.H
BaseViewpointNum 00000001.H
AxisDistance_X 00000000.H/00000001.H
AxisDistance_Y 00000001.H/00000001.H
AxisDistance_Z 00000000.H/00000001.H
YawAngle 00000000.H/00000001.H
PitchAngle FFFFFFA6.H/00000001.H
RollAngle 00000000.H/00000001.H
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
[Image 3] MPIndividualNum 00000003.H
BaseViewpointNum 00000001.H
AxisDistance_X 00000001.H/00000001.H
AxisDistance_Y 00000000.H/00000001.H
AxisDistance_Z 00000000.H/00000001.H
YawAngle 0000005A.H/00000001.H
PitchAngle 00000000.H/00000001.H
RollAngle 00000000.H/00000001.H
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Explanation
1. Purpose of the standard
As the performance and capabilities of digital cameras have increased, there have
been calls for summarizing and recording not only Individual Image data, but also
multiple image data which are interrelated in order to display image data with
specified pixel count on a monitor. One method of linking and recording multiple
images is to record the images as Individual Image files, then to record the
information linking the files as a separate file. Other methods are to store the
linked image files in a single folder, or to record the links based on a file name.
These methods offer the benefit of permitting each image to be operated using
existing players. However, as users operate or move files between recording media,
image files may become scattered and lost, and their links may be broken. To
resolve these problems, it was decided to set a format for recording multiple image
data as a single file.
2. Course of deliberations
The Multi Page Format (MP) (tentative name) Proposal and Written Draft was
submitted to the CIPA, which received it and began technical deliberations in
October 2007. As the standard is called Multi Picture Format (MPF) and in line
with the purpose of the proposal, the subcommittee was named the Multi-Picture
Format Sub-Working Group.
As the data structure for recording multiple images, address information which
each image (Individual Image) records and attribute information such as type of
Individual Image are recorded in the file header, and each attribute information is
recorded in the header of Individual Image. These attributes are recorded in APP2,
which is part of APPn defined by JPEG (Application Mark Segment). Attribute
information concerning the Individual Images themselves is recorded in APP1
with reference to Exif standards.
Types of Individual Images are defined as: 1) Large Thumbnails (image recorded
based on the specified pixel number to play and display on a monitor), 2) Multi
View images (defined as images taken from multiple viewpoints, of which there
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
are two kinds: those for disparity imaging use and multi angles which is an image
taken from different directions,), 3) Panorama image (image recorded by dividing
the photographed range into multiple shots), and 4) a continuous shooting image
(multiple images recorded by a single continuous shot), which were proposed in
the draft.
1) Large Thumbnails are defined as two kinds: mainly class 1 (VGA) to be
displayed on the monitors of compact devices, and class 2 (equivalent to full HD) to
be displayed on a high-definition television.
2) Multi view images are defined as a type with three subdivisions which are
combined with 3) Panorama images.
Because usage of this standard is likely to expand later, an “undefined” type was
established. This “undefined” type records multiple images which are linked, other
than 1), 2), and 3), and information concerning how they are linked is defined
separately from this standard. But the image data format conforms to the
provisions of this standard and the player can at least play and display each
Individual Image separately. If the number of Individual Images in a file increases,
thus increasing the file size, it will sometimes be time-consuming to search for
Individual Images and it would be better to make it an existing format, so 4) a
continuous shooting image was considered to be an “undefined” type of image
which is not defined as a type of Individual Image.
Regarding interoperability with existing players, there is concern that Individual
Images will be lost during play and return to memory, so the extension of files
including multi view images or images of undefined type was set as a proprietary
“.MPO” which can be handled by players and application software compatible with
this standard. Regarding files consisting only of the primary image and monitor
display image, by making the extension “.JPG”, the primary image can be played
by almost all existing hardware or software product and the monitor display can
be restored even after it has been lost, so the extension was set as “.JPG”.
Under this standard, multiple types of data are defined, and the playable types of
Individual Images vary according to the hardware or software product and
application software. To clarify the compatible range, a file consisting only of a
main image and monitor display image (extension .JPG) is a Baseline MP file,
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
while a file including other types (extension .MPO) is an Extended MP file. (Please
refer to the Annex for recording and playing a Baseline MP file and an Extended
MP file.)
The technical deliberations concerning the Multi Picture Format were completed
and Draft version 0.9 was compiled based on the above. The results were received,
and deliberations concerning the standardization began in September 2008. The
representations in the guideline in the Annex were thus clarified, the
representations concerning reference to other standards (Exif, DCF) were revised,
and descriptions were added or revised to prevent confusion in the market. As a
result, this written standard (CIPA DC-007-2009) was enacted.
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
3. Participating members
The bulk of the deliberations over the formulation of the standards described in
this document was performed by the Multi-Picture Format Sub-Working Group.
The members of the Working Group are listed below.
[Standardization Committee]
Chair Canon Inc. Nobuaki Sakurada Vice Chair Olympus Imaging Corp. Hideaki Yoshida Vice Chair Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. Iwao Aizawa Vice Chair Sony Corporation Eiichi Ichimura Vice Chair Nikon Corporation Tetsuro Goto Vice Chair FUJIFILM Corporation Mikio Watanabe Vice Chair Panasonic Corporation Masaaki Nakayama
[Standard Development Group] Leader Canon Inc. Hideaki Kawamura Sub Leader Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. Iwao Aizawa Nikon Corporation Kiyoshige Shibazaki FUJIFILM Corporation Hitoshi Urabe
Multi-Picture Format Sub-Working Group Chief FUJIFILM Corporation Mikio Watanabe
Sub Chief Nikon Corporation Toshihisa Kuroiwa
Member ImageLink, Inc. Hisashi Niwa
ImageLink, Inc. Masayuki Yamada
Olympus Imaging Corp. Hideaki Yoshida
Olympus Imaging Corp. Toshihiro Ogata
Olympus Imaging Corp. Kenichi Onomura
Olympus Imaging Corp. Kazuo Kanda
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. Jun Hosoda
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. Kayo Koutaki
Canon Inc. Akira Suga
Canon Inc. Yoichi Yamagishi
Canon Inc. Makoto Gohda
Canon Inc. Wataru Sakagami
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
KODAK JAPAN LTD. Koichi Settai
SAMSUNG TECHWIN CO., LTD. Junichi Takizawa
SAMSUNG TECHWIN CO., LTD. Tomonaga Yasuda
SANYO Electric Co., Ltd Kosaku Yanagihara
SANYO Electric Co., Ltd Akihiro Maenaka
SANYO Electric Co., Ltd Yasuhachi Hamamoto
SANYO Electric Co., Ltd Kazunori Miyata
SHARP CORPORATION Toshio Nomura
SHARP CORPORATION Ryuji Kitaura
SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION Makoto Oyanagi
SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION Takayoshi Kojima
Sony Corporation Atsushi Mae
Sony Corporation Toshiki Fujisawa
Sony Corporation Naoya Katoh
Sony Corporation Masako Tago
Nikon Corporation Naoki Yamagata
Hewlett-Packard Japan, Ltd. Yuji Minegishi
Hewlett-Packard Japan, Ltd. Junichi Yamazaki
Panasonic Corporation Shigeo Sakaue
Panasonic Corporation Ryo Hirota
Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Ping Wang
Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Hiroaki Ikegami
FUJITSU LABORATORIES LTD. Kimitaka Murashita
FUJITSU LABORATORIES LTD. Masayoshi Shimizu
FUJIFILM Corporation Satoshi Nakamura
HOYA Corporation Hitoshi Uwabu
HOYA Corporation Koichi Ishibashi
RICOH COMPANY, LTD. Kenji Shiraishi
RICOH COMPANY, LTD. Tomoyuki Nozawa
RICOH COMPANY, LTD. Naoki Tsunoda
RICOH COMPANY, LTD. Yohichi Itoh
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CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Any and all standards published by CIPA have been set forth without examining
any possibility of infringement or violation of Intellectual Property Rights
(patent right, utility model right, trademark right, design right, copyright and
any other rights or legal interests of the same kind).
In no event shall CIPA be liable in terms of Intellectual Property Rights for the
contents of such standards.
CIPA DC-007-Translation-2009
Established in February, 2009
Published by Camera & Imaging Products Association JCII BLDG., 25, Ichiban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0082 Japan
TEL +81-3-5276-3891 FAX +81-3-5276-389
All rights reserved
No part of this standard may be reproduced in any form
or by any means without prior permission from the publisher.
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