Anatomy and Physiology

The Liver

• Digestive function produces bile• Hepatocytes secrete 800–1000 of bile per day

The Gallbladder• pear-shaped sac • posterior of liver• 3-4 in. long• stores and concentrate the bile produced by the liver (up to tenfold)• releases bile into the duodenum of small intestine• fat release of cholecystokinin (CCK) gallbladder contraction bile secretion

The BileComponents:• cholesterol• bile salts• bile pigments (e.g. bilirubin)• phospholipids (e.g. lecithin)• water and body salts (Na+, K+)• small amounts of copper and other metals

The Bile

• Yellowish brownish or olive-green liquid• Can pass directly from liver into duodenum or• Stored in the gallbladder (fasting state)• Alkaline to neutralize the acidic chyme (pH

7.6-8.6)• Function: Emulsifying agent– dietary fat fat droplets

How we degrade cholesterol

• 500 mg cholesterol converted to bile acid/day• As bile salt and bile acid excreted in feces– Bile acid- cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid– Bile salt- bile acid conjugated with taurine/glycine

• Secretion in the bile transported into intestine and eliminated

SYNTHESIS OF BILE SALTS

Where does the bile go?

Liver

Bile canaliculiBile ducts

Common hepatic duct

Common bile duct

Pancreatic duct

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Duodenum

References

• Digestive Disorders Health Center (2010). WebMD. [Online]. Available at: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/The-Liver-and-Gallbladder.topicArticleId-277792,articleId-277768.html [Accessed 11 October 2012].

• The Liver and Gallbladder (n.d.) CliffsNotes. [Online]. Available at http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/The-Liver-and-Gallbladder.topicArticleId-277792,articleId-277768.html [Accessed 11 October 2012].

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