DICP
China’s Energy Revolution:Challenges and Opportunities
Zhongmin Liu
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), CAS
Oct. 11, 2019 | Tokyo, Japan
DICP 2
Outline
Energy Structure and Challenges in China
Strategies of Energy Technology in China
Recent R&D Activities on Energy Technology in CAS
DICP 3
Unbalanced Energy Structure in China
Rich in coal, poor in oil and gas
Data source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2019) ; NBS China Statistical Yearbook (2018)
Coal still dominates China’s energy market currently
Energy Resource Structure
Energy Production Structure Energy Consumption Structure
DICP 4
Isolated Energy System
Isolated system for each type of energy Technology - the missing link among different energy sectors
Solar/Wind/Geothermal/
Biomass
oilchemical
electricityheat
Coal
oilchemical
electricityheat
Nuclear
electricityheat
Gas
electricityheat
Oil
electricityheat
oilchemical
DICP 5
Tremendous Pressure on CO2 Emission
Data source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2019) and National Bureau of Statistics
The biggest absolute CO2 emissions come from China (since 2005)
In 2018, accounted for 27.8% of the total, ranking first in the world
Hundred of million tons
CO2 emissions in China
DICP 6
Great Challenge for Blue Sky
Data source: Premier Li Keqiang’s Report in the annual meeting of the National People‘s Congress ; WHO,http://maps.who.int/airpollution/
Air pollution forced China's industrial energy revolution
Global ambient air pollution map in 2018
DICP 7
Outline
Energy Structure and Challenges in China
Strategies of Energy Technology in China
Recent R&D Activities on Energy Technology in CAS
DICP 8
China’s Energy Revolution
In 2014, China President Xi's call for ‘Energy Revolution’
Energy Technology Innovation plays a decisive role in Energy Revolution, which must be treated as the core role in energy development.
--- China Energy Technology Innovation Action Plan (2016-2030)
To promote Energy Consumption Revolution and Curb unreasonable energy consumption
To promote Energy Production Revolution and establish diversified supply system
To promote Energy Technology Revolution and drive the industrial upgrading
To promote Energy System Revolution and open up energy development fast lane
To strengthen International Cooperation comprehensively and realize energy security under open economy circumstance
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China’s Medium and Long-term Energy Goals
To build a clean, low-carbon, secure and efficient energy systemSource: Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy.(2016-2030)
China 13th Five-Year-Plan on Renewable Energy Development (2016-2020)
China’s 13th Five-Year-Plan on Energy Development (Energy 13th FYP)
Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy (2016-2030)
China 13th Five-Year-Plan on Energy Technology Innovation (2016-2020)
China Energy Technology Innovation Action Plan 2016-2030
A Series of National Energy Plans Targets for 2020• Primary energy consumption ≤ 5 000 Mtce• Share of non-fossil fuel ~15%• GDP energy intensity ↓15% over 2015• GDP CO2 intensity ↓18% over 2015• Energy self-sufficiency rate ≥ 80%
Targets for 2030• Primary energy consumption ≤ 6 000 Mtce• Share of non-fossil fuel ~20%, natural gas ~15%• GDP Energy intensity to reach global average level• GDP Carbon intensity ↓60%-65% over 2005
Visions for 2050• Primary energy consumption level to be stable,
with non-fossil energy ≥ 50%• China to become an important participant in global
energy governance
DICP 10
China Energy-related Research Programs
Source: Ministry of Science and Technology
National High-tech R&D Program
National Basic Research Program
2006-2020
Clean Coal and Energy Saving
New Energy Vehicles Smart Grid Renewables and Hydrogen Nuclear Power
2016-2030
Oil & GasNuclear Power
科技创新2030-重大项目S&T Innovation 2030
Clean CoalSmart Grid
国家重点研发计划National Key R&D Programs
DICPSource: International Energy Agency. World Energy Investment 2018
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China's energy investment is increasingly driven by low-carbon electricity supply and networks, and energy efficiency
China Energy Investment
China is the largest investing country…… and 2nd in public energy R&D spending
DICPSource: National Energy Administration; International Renewable Energy Agency
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16.5%
20.0% 20.6%22.0%
24.5% 25.4% 26.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Renewable energy is on the rise in China’s electricity generationRenewable energy share in electricity generation in China
China is the world’s largest renewable market
0 200 400 600 800
Hydropower
Wind power
Solar power
Biopower
Geothermal power
CHINA619 GW
UNITED STATES230 GW
BRAZIL128 GW
GERMANY113 GW
INDIA106 GW
Renewable power capacity, Top 5 countries as of end-2017
China's Renewable Energy Development
DICP 13
Outline
Energy Structure and Challenges in China
Strategies of Energy Technology in China
Recent R&D Activities on Energy Technology in CAS
CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (SPRP) Typical breakthroughs and accomplishments
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CAS and DICP
• Focus on sustainable energy research• 4 campus, including 2 state key laboratories, and 5
national engineering research centers• ~2300 working and studying in DICP,including 14
Member of CAS and CAE, 213 Professors, 437 Associate Professors, 959 students
Distribution of CAS Institutes
~220,000 m2
~570,000 m2
• 104 research institutes• 5 universities & supporting organizations• 12 management organizations that
consist of the headquarters and branches• ~20 energy-related institutes
Distribution of DICP Campus
DICP
• Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP)• Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess
Technology (QIBEBT)• Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE)• Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
(FJIRSM)
• Institute of Engineering Thermophysics (IET) • Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion (GIEC)• Institute of Process Engineering (IPE)• Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS)• Institute of Modern Physics (IMP)• Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) • Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC)• Institute of Coal Chemistry (ICC)• Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI)• Shanghai Institute of Ceramics (SIC) • Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research (SINR)• Institute of Physics (IOP)• ……
Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS中科院洁净能源创新研究院
Relying on DICP
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United by all research teams in 20 Institutes, CAS
DICP 21
CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (SPRP)
Transformational Technology for Clean Energy and Demonstration (¥1.6 Billion)
CoalWater/Wind/
Geothermal/Biomass
NuclearGasOil
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Oil Chemicals Electricity Heat
Syngas
CH3OH
CO2
oilchemicals
electricityheat
oilchemicals
electricityheat
electricityheat
electricityheat
electricityheat
oilchemicals
Gas CoalOil NuclearSolar/Wind/Geothermal/Biomass
Clean use of fossil energy
3H2
Green Energy
Liquid Sunshine
2Energy Storage
DICP 17
Route 1: Clean Utilization of Fossil Energy
Alternative fuels and technologies for energy supply Pollutant emissions reduced by 40%-50%
Goals
1. Methanol-coupled-oil to bulk chemicals
2. Methanol to fuel / chemicals
3. Natural gas to olefins and aromatics (direct route)
4. Syngas to fuel / chemicals
5. Efficient clean combustion
……
Major Tasks
DICP 18
Route 2: Renewable Energy Demonstration
Breakthroughs in key technologies and demonstration for renewable energy
Goals
1. 100% Renewable Energy Demonstration
• Cross-seasonal solar heat storage system
• Renewable energy AC-DC hybrid power supply
• Cogeneration of gas, heat and electricity using biomass
2. Large scale energy storage
• 100 MW flow battery energy storage station
• 100 MW compressed air energy storage station
• 10 MW high-temperature molten salt heat storage demonstration
Major Tasks
DICP 19
Route 3: Liquid Sunshine Technology
Coupling CO2 with massive H2 produced by solar and nuclear energy, bridging the clean utilization of fossil energy and renewable energy
Goals
1. Hydrogen production by eletrolysis / pyrolysis of water
2. Methanol production from H2 and CO2 reaction
3. Fuel cell technology and demonstration
Major Tasks
DICP 20
Liquid Sunshine Roadmap - Pathways to Carbon-Neutral
Fossilized Sunshine
Fossil Alcohol
Hybrid Systems
Hybrid Alcohol
Liquid Sunshine
Green AlcoholCommercial Deployment 2020 2040
1G – 2G 3G – 4G 5G & beyond
Methanol and ethanol are first targets among alcohol fuels.They are building blocks for longer chain alcohols, high energy density fuels, and complex chemicals.
Progression from 1G (First Generation) to 5G (Fifth Generation) Technologies
CF Shih, T Zhang, J Li & C Bai, Joule, 2(18), October 17, 2018
DICP 21
Outline
Energy Structure and Challenges in China
Strategies of Energy Technology in China
Recent R&D Activities on Energy Technology in CAS
CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (SPRP) Typical breakthroughs and accomplishments
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Fundamental Research Breakthroughs
Non-oxidative Conversion of Methane to Olefins and Aromatics (MTOAH)
A technology that may change the world
- BASF vice presidentScience, 2014, 344 (6184): 616-619; Nature Commun., 2014, 5: 1-7
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP), CAS
DICP
Syngas to Light Olefins
Science, 2016, 351(6277): 1065-1068
There is no necessity for water gas shift - reduce both water and energy-consumption
A new bifunctional catalyst concept: oxides–zeolites (OX–ZEO)
These findings may open up a new route for syngas conversion technology23
Direct conversion of Syngas with the concept of OX–ZEO Syngas to Ethylene
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57(17): 4692-4696. (Hot paper)
Syngas to Aromatics
Chem. Commun., 2017, 53: 11146-11149.
Fundamental Research Breakthroughs
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP), CAS
DICP
H2
CO2
H2O
CO
HCOOH
HCOOH
CH3OH
Olefins
Gasoline
Renewable electricity CO2/H2O electrolysis CO2 hydrogenation Fuels and Chemicals
eCO2RR CO2RR
eCO2RR: electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction CO2RR: CO2 reduction reaction
CO2 Conversion Technologies
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Fundamental Research Breakthroughs
DICP
High selectivity and remarkable stability in CO2 hydrogenation
A promising application for CO2 utilization to liquid fuels and chemicals
Nat. Commun., 2018, 9, 3457
.
Direct Conversion of CO2
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CO2 - H2 to Aromatics CO2 - H2 to linear α-olefins CO2 - H2 to a liquid fuels
Nat. Chem., 2017, 9: 1019–1024Commun. Chem., 2018, 1, 11
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP), CAS; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS
Fundamental Research Breakthroughs
DICP 26
Methanol to Olefins (DMTO) Technology
On OperationLicensee
So far, DMTO technology has been licensed in 25 commercial units (14 Million t/a ) in the domestic market. 13 commercial installations (7 Million t/a ) have put into commission in just five years
State Technological Invention Awards First Prize (2014)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP), CAS
DICP
The world’s first Coal-to-Ethanol (methanol to ethanol) Demonstration began production in January 2017 with capacity of 100 000 metric tons of anhydrous ethanol per year
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The World's First Coal to Ethanol Demonstration
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP), CAS
DICP
Shenhua Ningxia Coal Industry Group Company
Industrialization of Megaton-scale Coal-to-Liquids technology in Ningxia (4 Mt/a), Inner Mongolia (1 Mt/a) and Shanxi (1 Mt/a) in 2017
In line with national energy security strategies, expected to substitute military fuel production technology
Outstanding Science and Technology Achievement Prize of CAS (2005)28
Industrialization of Megaton-scale Coal to Liquids Technology
Institute of Coal Chemistry (ICC) , CAS
DICP
The first Solar Power Tower (1 MW) in Asia and the first Solar Parabolic Trough Power Plant (1 MW) in Yanqing in 2012
The technologies have been applied in 15 demonstration plants
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The First Solar Power Tower in Asia
Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), CAS
DICP
Demonstration of blade tip lengthening
Segmented blade hoisting
Accomplish the general design strategy of the longest wind turbine blade (82 m) in China Implementation of field test of the first segmented wind turbine blade in Hebei Province, Inner
Mongolia and Tibet since 2016
Wind energy thermal utilization system
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Wind Energy Utilization
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics (IET) , CAS
DICP
National demonstration project on Straw to Biomethane (6.6 million m3/a) in Qingdao in 2016
Cellulose derived bio-jet fuel - 10 tons of straw / 6.4 tons of cassava produces 1 ton of jet fuel
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Biomass Utilization
Demonstration project on biomethaneStraw raw material Biomass aviation fuel
Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT) , CAS
DICP
The world largest scale system of 5 MW / 10 MWh VFB demonstration project in a 50 MW
wind farm in Faku, Liaoning in 2013
The 200 MW / 800 MWh VFB demonstration project is under construction in Dalian since 2016
State Technological Invention Awards Second Prize (2015)32
Energy Storage---All Vanadium Flow Battery
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP), CAS
DICP
The world's first 10 MW advanced compressed air energy storage demonstration system in
Guizhou in 2016
Top Ten Innovative Technology Awards in energy storage field (2017)
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Compressed Air Energy Storage
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics (IET) , CAS
DICP
Area: 720,000 km2 ( ~ 8 Portugal)Population: 6 million (~ 0.6 Portugal)Renewable energy electricity supply in Qinghai: 2.84 billion kWh ( ~1290000 tons of coal) during the 15 daysCO2 emissions: reduce 2.32 million tons
Source: QingHai Daily, 2019-06-25
Qinghai: Runs on 100% renewable energy for 15 days
Low-carbon consumption pattern
A screen displays electricity transmission andconsumption information at the big datacenter of State Grid Qinghai Electric PowerCo in Xining, Qinghai province. [Photo/Xinhua]
Qinghai
China's Renewable Energy Demonstration
40State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC)
DICP 35
100% Renewable Energy Application Demonstration
Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), CAS
DICP
Summary China will continue to take part in Global Climate Governance despite the tremendous
pressure on CO2 emission
China has taken effective measures to tackle the existing problems
The clean and green alternatives of Global Energy needs International Cooperation
SHARE THE FUTURE, GLOBAL TOGETHER
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