THE HISTORY OF CHINA

After the the Japanese Russo-Japan War, the imperialism of China by the Japanese had started. Japan decided to capture Mukden (a city near Manchuria) and decided to place some of their soldiers there. The railroad in Mukden would always be checked by the Japanese soldiers and would sometimes even be raided. The Mukden incident and the start of Japanese Colonization Colonel Seishirō Itagaki, Lieutenant Colonel Kanji Ishiwara, Colonel Kenji Doihara, and Major Takayoshi Tanaka wanted a “swimming pool” in where the railroad was. The Swimming pool was actually going to become a concrete bunker for artillery, which were brought in complete secrecy. The plan was to set dynamites near the tracks of the railroad in Mukden and blow up a part of the railroad. But because the dynamites were too weak, the dynamites hardly did any damage to the railroad. The Japanese army in Mukden thought that this would just cause a uproar from the Chinese so they decided to accuse an innocent Chinese civilian for the explosion. This incident was later know as the Mukden incident or the September 18th

incident.The Japanese then attacked Shenyang the next morning in response to the explosion and killed 500 hundred Chinese citizens. The Kuoming government told the citizens to not fight back to not make matters worse but due to this, Japanese forces were able to take major cities in Liaoning Province within five days. From that day, September 19th, 1931 was the start of the invasion of Manchuria by Japan.

The Cruel Imperialism of Japan

Map of Manchuria

fig.1 fig.2

Extra FactsThe Casualties and loses in the Second-Sino War

Some Questions for revision....1. a) When was the Mukden incident? b) How did it occur?2. What is meant by a puppet state? 3. How many years did it take for the Japanese to give back China their rights and land?

“Fake” Manchukuo The Japanese army kept taking more and more towns and cities. When over three months have passed after the September 18th incident, Japan had occupied most of the provinces in northeast China. On March 9th, 1932 the "Manchukuo" was set up under the aegis of the Japanese aggressors, with the abdicated emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Pu Yi, as the chief executive but this was only a puppet state. The Japanese decided to make this state to show that they have actually claimed the land and cut that part of land off from the Chinese government. They also set this Manchukuo to show Japanese power to the other countries occupying China (such as America and Britain) and obtain resources from the land. The Japanese army made temples and government in Manchukuo but that was only to show the League of Nations that they were not doing anything against humanity. Although in the dark side, the Japanese army would rape the chinese woman civilians, burry the Chinese alive, would call the Chinese dirty and filthy, cut off innocent Chinese civilian’s head (fig.1), and would also use the Chinese citizens as shooting targets for practice (fig.2).

Second Sino War and the Surrender of the Imperial Japanese Army The Second Sino war started on July 7, 1937 which was the day that the Japanese attacked and invaded the Lugouqiao, which is a bridge which led the gate to Beijing. The Japanese once again accused the Chinese for taking hostage of Japanese soldiers. This then caused the citizens in Beijing to repel against Japanese colonizers. This incident was later called the Lugouqiao incident. On December 13, 1937, the Nanjing Massacre occurred. Nanjing fell. The Japanese army was ferocious. Chinese people killed or buried alive totaled more than 300,000. These deaths and more than 20,000 rape cases. The world being shocked by this the Nanjing Massacre more countries and people started to support China and on September 2, 1945 Japan surrendered to Allied countries. The official signing ceremony of the instrument of surrender was held on the American battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay (fig. 3). Although China was able to get their land back. China has lost many innocent lives more than the Japan has lost in the war, and the scars engraved by the Japanese is deep.

fig. 3

Timeline

18/9/1931Japanese try to blow a part of the railroad

19/9/1931Mukden Incident

9/3/1932Manchukuo was established

China side

Japanside

17,000,000–22,000,000 civilians dead

1,055,000 dead1,172,200 injured

7/7/1937Lugouqiao incident occurred and the start of the Second Sino war

13/12/1937Nanjing fell .Nanjing Massacre occurred.

2/9/194513/12/1937Japan surrendered to Allied countries and gave China their rights and land back.

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