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Reservoir Characteri
The Dilemma ofUnknowns t
Reservoir Characteri
The Dilemma ofUnknowns t
TurgayTurgay
Penn StatePenn State
ation and Simulation:
iving with Morean Equations
ation and Simulation:
iving with Morean Equations
ErtekinErtekin
UniversityUniversity
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OUOU
Reservoir characterization and syReservoir characterization and sy
Reservoir characterization and mReservoir characterization and m
Synergy in reservoir simulationSynergy in reservoir simulation
Reservoir characterization from fiReservoir characterization from fi
SummarySummary
LINELINE
nergy in reservoir managementnergy in reservoir management
thematical models of the reservoirthematical models of the reservoir
ld datald data
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Optimizing the POptimizing the P
CharacterizeCharacterizethe reservoirthe reservoir
Define operatingDefine operating
alternativesalternatives
Simulation modelSimulation model
Input dataInput data
History matchingHistory matching
rformance of a Fieldrformance of a Field
ake predictionsake predictions
or differentor different
cenarioscenarios
Analyze resultsAnalyze results
andand
make decisionsmake decisions
Economic modelEconomic model
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What is ReservoiWhat is Reservoi
A managing tool for ourA managing tool for our(1) Begins prior to acquisition an(1) Begins prior to acquisition an
of the life cycle, andof the life cycle, and
(2) Describes the critical set of a(2) Describes the critical set of a
for effective reservoir assetfor effective reservoir asset
(1) Reservoir is the primary ass(1) Reservoir is the primary ass
(2) Data acquisition involves:(2) Data acquisition involves:
forward planningforward planning
cost/benefit analysiscost/benefit analysisfocusing on critical uncertaifocusing on critical uncertai
considering short term/longconsidering short term/long
Uses multiUses multi--disciplinary tdisciplinary t
Characterization?Characterization?
ost important assetost important assetd continues through all phasesd continues through all phases
tivities and decisions neededtivities and decisions needed
anagementanagement
tt
tiesties
term objectivesterm objectives
amsams
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What is ReservWhat is Reserv
STATIC DESCRIPTION:STATIC DESCRIPTION:
How much hydrocarbon there isHow much hydrocarbon there is
in place.in place.
DYNAMIC DESCRIPTION:DYNAMIC DESCRIPTION:
How much of it and at what rateHow much of it and at what rate
can be recoveredcan be recovered
ir Characterization?ir Characterization?
forms the foundation for theforms the foundation for the
other analysis steps.other analysis steps.
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What is ReservoiWhat is Reservoi
OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:
Identifying key reservoir featuresIdentifying key reservoir features
en y ng ma n r ve mec an smsen y ng ma n r ve mec an sms
Determining reservoir volumetricsDetermining reservoir volumetrics
Monitoring performanceMonitoring performance
Characterization?Characterization?
ACQUIREACQUIRE--EXPLOREEXPLORE--APPRAISEAPPRAISE
PRODUCEPRODUCE
DISPOSEDISPOSE
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Reservoir CReservoir CReservoir CReservoir C
Reservoir moReservoir moReservoir moReservoir mo
FluidFluid
characterizationcharacterization
FluidFluid
characterizationcharacterization
RockRock
characterizationcharacterization
RockRock
characterizationcharacterization
aracterizationaracterizationaracterizationaracterization
elelelelRegionalRegional
depositionaldepositional
studiesstudies
RegionalRegional
depositionaldepositional
studiesstudies
GeologicGeologic
modelingmodeling
GeologicGeologic
modelingmodeling
Field & wellField & well
productionproduction
informationinformation
Field & wellField & well
productionproduction
informationinformation
SeismicSeismic
surveysurvey
SeismicSeismic
surveysurvey
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Sources ofSources of
oo Geophysical DataGeophysical Data
oo Geological DataGeological Data
Geological ProcesGeological Proces
DepositionDeposition
DiagenesisDiagenesis
Outcrop / AnalogyOutcrop / Analogy
Core DataCore Data
OpenOpen--Hole Log DHole Log D
Engineering DataEngineering Data
CasedCased--Hole LogHole Log
Pressure TransienPressure Transien
Historical ProductiHistorical Producti
PVT AnalysisPVT Analysis
Tracer StudiesTracer Studies
ataata
sesses
StudiesStudies
tata
ataata
t Datat Data
on Dataon Data
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Data: PotentialData: Potential
PorosityPorosityoo Core: Core Scale, High ConfidenceCore: Core Scale, High Confidence
oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: Reservoir Scale, High ConfiHole Logs: Reservoir Scale, High Confi
PermeabilityPermeabilityoo Core Permeability: Core Scale, High ConCore Permeability: Core Scale, High Con
oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: Reservoir Scale, LowHole Logs: Reservoir Scale, Low
oo Averaged Value over Several Flow UnitsAveraged Value over Several Flow Units
Reservoir PressureReservoir Pressureoo Formation Wireline Tester: ReservoiFormation Wireline Tester: Reservoi
Units)Units)oo Pressure Transient Analysis:ReservPressure Transient Analysis:Reserv
Represent Averaged Value over SevRepresent Averaged Value over Sev
reas of Conflictreas of Conflict
enceence
fidencefidence
onfidence (Derived)onfidence (Derived),,
within Test Interval)within Test Interval)
Scale, High Confidence (Individual FlowScale, High Confidence (Individual Flow
ir Scale, Medium Confidence (Mayir Scale, Medium Confidence (Mayeral Flow Units within Test Interval)eral Flow Units within Test Interval)
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Data: PotentialData: Potential
Initial SaturationsInitial Saturations
oo Core: Core Scale, Medium ConfidencCore: Core Scale, Medium Confidenc
oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: Reservoir Scale, HigHole Logs: Reservoir Scale, Hig
oo CasedCased--Hole Logs: Reservoir Scale, MHole Logs: Reservoir Scale, M
Conditions)Conditions)
EndEnd--Point SaturationsPoint Saturations
oo Core: Core Scale, High/Medium ConfiCore: Core Scale, High/Medium Confi
oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs:Hole Logs:
Swir: Reservoir Scale, High ConfidSwir: Reservoir Scale, High Confid
Sorw: Reservoir Scale, Medium/LSorw: Reservoir Scale, Medium/LSorw has been Reached, Only FoSorw has been Reached, Only Fo
oo CasedCased--Log Derived:Log Derived:
Sorw: Reservoir Scale, High/MediSorw: Reservoir Scale, High/Medi
Sorw has been Reached)Sorw has been Reached)
reas of Conflictreas of Conflict
(Represents Small Sample)(Represents Small Sample)
h Confidenceh Confidence
dium Confidence (May Represent Sweptdium Confidence (May Represent Swept
enceence
enceence
w Confidence (Uncertainty over whetherw Confidence (Uncertainty over whethernd in Innd in In--fill Wells)fill Wells)
m Confidence (Uncertainty over whetherm Confidence (Uncertainty over whether
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Data: PotentialData: Potential
Transition Zone HeightsTransition Zone Heights
oo Core: Core Scale, Medium CoCore: Core Scale, Medium Co
Core Represents Small SampCore Represents Small Samp
oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: Reservoir SHole Logs: Reservoir S
Fluid ContactsFluid Contacts
oo Scale is not an IssueScale is not an Issue
oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: High ConfidHole Logs: High Confid
Lithological Effects)Lithological Effects)
oo Wireline Formation Tester: HiWireline Formation Tester: Hi
oo Seismic: Medium/Low: SeismiSeismic: Medium/Low: Seismi
Requires Velocity Model)Requires Velocity Model)
reas of Conflictreas of Conflict
nfidence (Capillary Pressure fromnfidence (Capillary Pressure from
le)le)
ale, High Confidenceale, High Confidence
nce (May be Masked bynce (May be Masked by
h Confidenceh Confidence
c Flat Events not Always Apparent,c Flat Events not Always Apparent,
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Data: ResolutionData: Resolution Always give more Weight to DatAlways give more Weight to Dat
oo Contain a High Degree of ConfidenContain a High Degree of Confiden Pressure Transient PermeabilityPressure Transient Permeability
UnsteadyUnsteady--State Relative PermeState Relative Perme
PermeabilityPermeability
BottomBottom--Hole PVT Samples versHole PVT Samples vers
oo Are Measured at the Appropriate ScAre Measured at the Appropriate Sc
Pressure Transient Data versusPressure Transient Data versus
oo Are Representative of the ProcesseAre Representative of the Processe
Differential (Variable CompositioDifferential (Variable Compositio
Composition) PVT DataComposition) PVT Data Imbibition (Increasing Wetting PImbibition (Increasing Wetting P
(Decreasing Wetting Phase Sat(Decreasing Wetting Phase Sat
Pressure Data for Water Wet RePressure Data for Water Wet Re
Preliminary Versions of the FlowPreliminary Versions of the Flow
Conflicting Data to Determine FuConflicting Data to Determine Fu
of Data Conflictsof Data Conflictswhich:which:
eeversus Log Derived Permeabilityversus Log Derived Permeability
bility versus Steady State Relativebility versus Steady State Relative
s Recombined Separator Sampless Recombined Separator Samples
ale for the Reservoir Modelale for the Reservoir Model
Core DataCore Data
Occurring in the ReservoirOccurring in the Reservoir
n) PVT Data versus Flash (Constantn) PVT Data versus Flash (Constant
ase Saturation) versus Drainagease Saturation) versus Drainage
ration) Relative Permeability and Capillaryration) Relative Permeability and Capillary
servoirsservoirs
Model can be Used to ScreenModel can be Used to Screen
rther Course of Actionrther Course of Action
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A Conceptual M
Charact
A Conceptual M
Charact
CollectCollect
evaluatevaluat
Identify crIdentify cr
cost/benecost/bene
Design dataDesign data
acquisition planacquisition plan
del for Reservoir
rization
del for Reservoir
rization
andand
datadata
Interpret/improveInterpret/improve
reservoir desciptionreservoir desciption
itical risksitical risks
it analysisit analysis
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Synergism in ResSynergism in Res
Key Questions:Key Questions:
What does the reservoir look like?What does the reservoir look like?
What is its external geometry?What is its external geometry?
What is the continuity of the internalWhat is the continuity of the internal
pore space and fluids?pore space and fluids?
Will the reservoir have an effectiveWill the reservoir have an effectivena ura wa er r ve so, w a s ena ura wa er r ve so, w a s e
aquifer geometry, continuity and strength?aquifer geometry, continuity and strength?
Where should wells and platforms beWhere should wells and platforms be
located?located?
How should wells be completed andHow should wells be completed and
perforated?perforated?
Will recoveries be better by water or gasWill recoveries be better by water or gas
displacement?displacement?
Will improved recovery technology be neeWill improved recovery technology be nee
and when?and when?
ervoir Managementervoir Management
Modern ReservoirModern Reservoir
Management:Management:
TeamworkTeamwork
eded
Close coordinationClose coordination
GeologistsGeologists
GeophysicistsGeophysicists
EngineersEngineersPetrophysicistsPetrophysicists
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Synergism aSynergism a
Advantages:Advantages: common goal with specificcommon goal with specific
objectivesobjectives
focusing early on key issuesfocusing early on key issues
diverse specialistsdiverse specialists
savings in time and costsavings in time and cost
Barriers:Barriers:
diverse persdiverse pers lack of goodlack of good
resistance toresistance to
d Organizationd Organization
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:
training in teamworktraining in teamwork
recognition of contributionsrecognition of contributions
personnel problemspersonnel problems
emergency response attitudeemergency response attitude
nalitiesnalitiescommunication skillscommunication skills
the concept of sharingthe concept of sharing
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11. ACQUIRE. ACQUIRE 2.2. EXEX
e yc ee yc e
5.5. PRPR6.6. DISPOSEDISPOSE
LORELORE 3.3. APPRAISEAPPRAISE
an ssean sse
4.4. DEVELOPDEVELOPDUCEDUCE
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GeoloGeolo
ReseRese
AcquireAcquire--ExplorExplor
EnginEngin
PetrophysicistPetrophysicistRatRat
Drive MecDrive Mec
AquifeAquife
istist
vesves
and Appraiseand Appraise
eereer
GeophysicistGeophysicistss
anismsanisms
SizeSize
DATA AVAILABLE:DATA AVAILABLE:
Seismic surveysSeismic surveys
LogsLogs
Cores, fluid samplesCores, fluid samples
Well testsWell tests
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GeoloGeolo
Well loWell lo
PlanninPlannin
ReseRese
EngiEngi
Drilling EngineerDrilling Engineer
NumberNumber
NumberNumber
and plaand pla
istist
ationsations
phasephase
voirvoir
neerneer
GeophysicistGeophysicist
f wellsf wells
of rigsof rigs
formsforms
DATA AVAILABLE:DATA AVAILABLE:
FineFine--grid seismic linesgrid seismic lines
More logsMore logs
More cores, fluid samplesMore cores, fluid samples
More well testsMore well tests
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GeoloGeolo
ProdProd
ProduProdu
EngiEngi
ReservoirReservoir
EngineerEngineer
workoverworkover
ProductionProduction
HandlingHandling
istist
uceuce
ctionction
neerneer
GeophysicistGeophysicist
planningplanning
strategiesstrategies
of fluidsof fluids
DATA AVAILABLE:DATA AVAILABLE:
FineFine--grid seismic linesgrid seismic lines
Logs on all wellsLogs on all wells
Cores on 25% of wellsCores on 25% of wells
Well testsWell tests
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GeoloGeolo
SurveillaSurveilla
ProduProdu
EngiEngi
ReservoirReservoir
EngineerEngineer
Revised prRevised pr
injection sinjection s
istist
ce phasece phase
ctionction
eereer
GeophysicistGeophysicist
oductionoduction
trategiestrategies
DATA AVAILABLE:DATA AVAILABLE:
Pressure surveysPressure surveys
GOR and WORGOR and WOR
Wellbore surveysWellbore surveys
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