Chapter 5
Warm-ups and
Discussion Questions
Section 1 – An Age of Exploration
ESSENTIAL QUESTION– What were the effects of
the interactions of Europeans and Native Americans?
Vocabulary
• Garrison – Unit of soldiers• Mission – Church outpost• Pilgrims – Colonists who came to
America on Mayflower• Puritans – Religious group that
wanted to change Church of England
Vocabulary
• Charter – Legal document
• Colony – land on foreign soil
• Friars – Catholic missionaries
• Huguenots – persecuted French protestants
• Separatists- group that wanted to break away from Church of England
What is a middleman?
A trader who buys goods from producers & sells them to other traders & consumers
How does he affect the cost of luxury goods?
It drives the price up.
What made Europeans want to find a sea route to trade with China?
Marco Polo’s publication told of China’s wonderful
riches.
What explorer was 1st to sail eastward from Europe to the Indian Ocean?
When?
Bartholomew Diaz in 1488
Which explorer thought there was a shorter, easier westward route?
Christopher Columbus
Which European country would sponsor Columbus’s voyage?
Spain (even though he
was Italian)
What mistake did Columbus make when he 1st landed on October 12,
1492?
He thought he had landed on the islands off
the coast of India & called the natives
“Indians”.
What areas did Columbus explore?
Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Virgin Islands, &
coasts of Central & South America
How many trips to the New World did Columbus make?
Four
What happened between the battle for land between Spain and Portugal?
Pope Alexander VI split the new world
with his “Line of Demarcation”
Who made first settlement in New World and what happened?
Allyon - for spain in 1504. They hit a hard winter Allyon died and
revolt broke out.
For whom did John Cabot sail & what area did he explore?
England; Newfoundland this
was England’s claim on New World
Who was the 1st explorer to find an eastward ocean trade route to India?
Vasco da Gama
For whom was the New World named?
Amerigo Vespucci – explored South America; a
mapmaker read Vespucci’s writings & named the new
land “America” after Vespucci
Who was the 1st explorer to reach Asia by sailing west? When?
Ferdinand Magellan in
1522
Why did other Europeans not use this route?
This was a longer, harder trip around the southern tip of South America; they were looking for an easier all-water route through the
North American continent.
What were Spanish explorers searching for in the Caribbean?
Wealth
What 2 explorers actually did find the riches they were hunting for?
Cortes & Pizarro (see next slide)
What area did each explore/conquer & what was the prize?
Cortes – Mexico – conquered the Aztecs – won treasure in silver & gold
Pizarro – Peru – conquered the Incas – controlled the world’s richest silver mines
Who was the 1st to explore modern-day Georgia? When?
Hernando de Soto in 1540
What was he hoping to find?
Gold
Why was de Soto able to defeat a larger army?
He had superior weapons – guns,
crossbows, horses, & armor.
What caused the deaths of millions of Native Americans? Name them.
European diseases killed almost ½ –
measles, smallpox, influenza, whooping
cough
What caused de Soto’s expedition to fail?
Most of his troops died of disease or starvation.
Define the term “colony”.
A settlement in a new land that has
ties to their homeland
Where & when was GA’s 1st settlement established?
Santa Catalina mission on St.
Catherine’s Island in 1566
Which European country was important in the fight to control the New World? What
would it gain?
Spain – gain wealth and
power
What was the French goal in exploration and what was their first settelment?
Trading
Fort Charles in Florida
What happened to Spain’s fleet of ships?
It was destroyed by England’s better
sailors & ships and by bad storms at sea.
Section 2 – English Settlementof the New World
ESSENTIAL QUESTION– What caused a rivalry
between England and Spain in the New World?
How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada affect England?
It gave them control of the seas &
opened their door to the New World.
How many colonies did England establish by the late 1600s &
where?
12 were established along the Atlantic coast of North America.
Give 3 reasons why people came to settle in these new colonies.
Religious freedomEconomic gain
New startBetter life
What is “mercantilism”?
An economic system for England to
export more than it imported
Under this system, what did the colonists provide for England? Name 3.
Raw materials – sugar,
timber,
rice,
tobacco,&
cotton
Name 3 ways this was of benefit to England.
1) No longer needed to import these goods from other countries
2) Could sell finished products back to the colonies & other countries
3) It strengthened the British economy.
What crop was very important to Great Britain’s success in the South?
tobacco
Where was the 1st permanent English colony in the New World & when was it
begun?
Jamestown, VA in 1607
What happened there during the 1st year?
Malaria killed all but 38 of the settlers.
What impact did the growing of tobacco have on the Jamestown settlement?
It created a need for
labor.
What is an “indentured servant”?
A person who agreed to work 4-7 years in exchange for paid
passage to the New World
From where did these indentured servants come?
Africa
How did this system change by the end of the 17th century?
They became slaves instead of servants.
What caused a conflict between Spain & Great Britain in the Carolinas?
Spain was already in Guale when Great Britain wanted to
establish settlements.
Why did Great Britain establish a colony in GA?
To act as a buffer between its
colonies in the Carolinas and the Spanish in Florida.
Where was GA’s 1st fort located and what was its name?
At the mouth of the Altamaha
River; called Fort King George
What happened to the fort?
It was abandoned in 1727 due to Indian raids, sickness, &
swampy conditions.
What foods were sent to the Old World from the New World?
CornIrish potatoes
Sweet potatoes/yamsPeanutsTurkeys
Pumpkins
What foods were sent to the New World from the Old World?
RyeRadishes
BeetsRice
Sugar canePeachesWheat
What animals did Europe send to the New World?
Horses Chickens
PigsOxenGoatsCattleSheep
How did the introduction of these animals impact the new environment?
They destroyed the native ground cover
and led to the extinction of some of the animals
native to the North American continent.
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