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- Chapter 5
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- Mountains impeded communication allowed city-states to form Sea
trade and colonies
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- Minoans (2000-1500 BCE) trading culture wine, olive oil
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- Knossos
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- Mycenaean (1600-1200 BCE) warrior culture Linear B script
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- no written records little to no trade
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- growth of the polis (city-state) Characterized by: single
written language share religion celebrations (Olympics)
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- due to excess population
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- Phalanx tight battle formation Hoplites Greek citizen
soldier
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- revolved around polis varied among city-states all citizens
expected to participate in government
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- Agora temple on the highest hill of polis Acropolis open area
used for meetings, market
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- militaristic state built on slavery no arts, masters of the art
of war
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- boys= war girls= breed warriors
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- oligarchy- rule by a few two kings- mainly generals of the army
five ephors- managers senate- had to be over 60 yrs old
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- Three classes: equals = soldiers half-citizens = outsiders
helots = slaves more numerous than Spartans, had to use force
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- Agoge means of educating boys Crypteia final challenge
(graduation)
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- reading writing gymnastics athletics
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- birthplace of democracy Assembly: open to all citizens passed
laws and made policy decisions
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- Freeman- all male citizens 1. aristocracy- rich folk 2. small
farmers 3. thetes- craftsmen 4. metics- outsiders 5. slaves
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- strong navy democratic values culturally superior
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- Boys reading, writing, mathematics Philosophy military for two
years Girls no formal education no role in politics spinning,
weaving, domestic roles
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- art, architecture drama, literature medicine government
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- defeat of Darius leads to later invasion of Xerxes
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- quarrels over colonies fear of Athenian economic dominance
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- Spartans win, but all city-states weakened allows Philip II of
Macedonia to conquer Greece
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- conquers Persia, Egypt attacks India, not successful attempted
to blend cultures through intermarriage dies at age 33
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- spread of Greek culture