CHAPTER 3: The Presence
of Roman Catholicism
Spanish Missions
• 1500s in Florida & southwesto priests came with explorers
• 1700s in California o mission systemo Junipero Serra
French Missions
• 1500s in Canadao Franciscans & Jesuitso learned native languageso intermarried
• 1600s in Maine & New Orleans
English Colonies
• Exclusion of Catholic minorityo no voting rightso religious tests for public office
• Exceptions:o Maryland & Lord Baltimoreo Pennsylvaniao New York
Consecration of Space: Sacramentalism
• baptism
• confirmation
• reconciliation
• communion
• holy orders
• marriage
• sacrament of the sick
Sacramental Hierarchy
• Popeo spiritual authorityo infallibleo Vatican
• Church as Mystical Body of Christ
• male priests & bishops
Liturgical Cycle
• Advent & Christmas
• Ash Wednesday & Lent
• Holy Week o Palm Sundayo Holy Thursdayo Good Fridayo Easter
• Ascension & Pentecost
Paraliturgical Devotions
• Sacred Heart
• Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
• Stations of the Cross
• devotions to Maryo rosaryo scapularo local visions
Ethics & Morality
• natural lawo sexuality
• sino original, mortal, or venialo remains of sino purgatory
American Catholicism
• ethnicityo internal conditiono “many in one church”
• pluralismo external conditiono “one church among many”
Catholic Immigration, 1840s-50s
• Irisho potato famine refugeeso dominated Catholic hierarchy
• Germano wanted national churcheso rejected Irish legalism
Catholic Immigration, 1880s-1920s
• Italianso anticlericalo rejected Irish legalism
• Polisho wanted national churcheso Black Madonna of Czestochowa
Catholic Immigration, Late 20th Century
• Latino o Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban
o anticlerical
o curanderismo
o Virgin of Guadalupe
o encuentro movement
Pluralism
• Catholicism = minority religion
• Protestant fearso nativism
• Catholic fearso public schools
19th-Century Adaptations
• trusteeism
• Americanismo modern culture & individualism
o Testem Benevolentiae (1899)
o “phantom heresy”
20th-Century Adaptations
• Catholic missions
• Vatican Council II
• charismatic movement
• Dignity & feminism
• new voluntary style
OVERVIEW
• sacramentalism
• natural law
• ethnicity & pluralism
• Protestant nativism
• adaptations to America
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