Download - Chapter 12 Westward Expansion Section 3 War with Mexico.

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Page 1: Chapter 12 Westward Expansion Section 3 War with Mexico.

Chapter 12 Westward Expansion

Section 3 War with Mexico

Page 2: Chapter 12 Westward Expansion Section 3 War with Mexico.

New Mexico Territory

• New Mexico area between Texas and California Territories.

• Included- New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and parts of Wyoming and Colorado

• New Mexico – Part of Mexico– Mostly governed themselves.

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Santa Fe Trail

• Founded by William Becknell

• Left the Missouri River – Crossed the Arkansas river, followed the

Rocky Mountains before heading south into New Mexico.

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California’s Spanish Culture

• Spanish Explorer’s and Missionaries 1st Europeans to settle in California.

• 1820 – 21 missions- 20, 000 Native American

• 1833 Mexican government abolished missions

• Mexicans Settlers built ranchos.

• Ranchero- ranch owners

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California

• 1840’s President James K. Polk twice tried to buy California and New Mexico from the Mexican government.

• California was provided access to the Pacific.

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War with Mexico

• President Polk plots to provoke war with Mexico.

• Rio Grande (US) vs. Nueces River (Mexico)

• Polk Orders General Zachary Taylor – build a fort between rivers.

• April 24th Mexico attacks.

• May 11, 1846 U.S. declares War

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Attitudes Toward War

• Democrats- Support War (Polk)

• Whigs- Did not ( Abraham Lincoln)

• Northerners- Did not (Henry David Thoreau)

• Southerners- Supported War (Zachary Taylor)• • African Americans- Did Not (Fredrick Douglas)

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Polk’s Plan

• Three Part- – Drive Mexican Troops past the Rio Grande

River • Completed By Zachary Taylor 1847

– U.S. seize New Mexico and California• Completed by Stephen Kearny 1846

– Americans would capture Mexico City• Completed by Winfield Scott 1847

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California

• June 1846 – Bear Flag Republic-

• Flag with Bear and a star on white background

• January 1847 – California controlled by U.S.

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Mexico City

• March 1847 – Winfield Scott

• Captured Veracruz- 3 weeks

• Marched 300 miles to Mexico City – Mexican Army – Armed Citizens

• August 1847 Mexico government surrender

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Peace Treaty

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – February 1848 – Mexico gave up Rio Grande, Mexican

Cession – ceded (gave) California and New Mexico

– U.S. paid $15 million – 1853

• $10 Million Gadsden Purchase– Present day Arizona and New Mexico

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