Download - CENSUS 2011 & SCHEDULED TRIBES

INDIAN GEOG - CENSUS 2011 & SCHEDULED TRIBES 1

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CONTENT

1. CENSUS 2011 2-3

1.1 DENSITY OF POPULATION 2

1.2 SEX RATIO 2

1.3 GROWTH OF POPULATION 2

2. SCHEDULED TRIBES 3-4



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TOPIC

1 CENSUS 2011 & SCHEDULED TRIBES

A systematic and modern population census, in its present form was conducted non-synchronously between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country.

However, the first synchronous census in India was held in 1881. Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten years.

India's last census was carried out in 2011 when the country's population stood at 121 crore. The Indian Census is one of the largest administrative exercises undertaken in the world.

The next census of India to be conducted in 2021 with March 1, 2021 as the reference date, except for the states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal pradesh and Uttarakhand.

The Census 2021 will be conducted in 18 languages out of the 22 scheduled languages (under 8th schedule) and English, while Census 2011 was in 16 of the 22 scheduled languages declared at that time.

It will also introduce a code directory to streamline the process. The option of ‘Other’ under the gender category will be changed to ‘Third Gender’.

There were roughly 5 lakh people under other category in 2011.

For the first time in the 140 years history of census in India, data is proposed to be collected through a mobile app by enumerators and they will receive an additional payment as an incentive.

The Census data would be available by the year 2024-25 as the entire process would be conducted digitally and data crunching would be quicker.

1.1 DENSITY OF POPULATION

Number of persons per unit area is known as density of population. It helps in getting a better understanding of the spatial distribution of population in relation to land.

The density of population in India (2011) is 382 persons per sq km. It increased from 117 persons/sq km in 1951 to 382 persons/sq km in 2011. There is a spatial variation Indian Geography 94 of population densities in the country which ranges from as low as 17 persons per sq km in Arunachal Pradesh to 11,320 persons in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Bihar (1106), West Bengal (1028) and Uttar Pradesh (829) have higher densities among the northern Indian States, while Kerala (860) and Tamil Nadu (555) have higher densities among the peninsular Indian states.

States like Assam, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Jharkhand, and Odisha have moderate densities of population. North-eastern states and the hill states of the Himalayan region have relatively low densities while the Union Territories (excluding Andaman and Nicobar Islands) have very high densities of population.

1.2 SEX RATIO

The number of females per thousand males is referred to as sex ratio. It determines the productive potential, marital status, work force, migration pattern, growth of population and the socio-economic relationship.

According to the 2011 census, the sex ratio in India is 943, which was 933 in 2001. Kerala is the only state where the number of females is more than that of males. It has sex ratio of 1084. Haryana lies at the bottom with 879 females per thousand males. Among UTs, Puducherry has the highest (1037) sex ratio and Daman Diu has the lowest (618).

1.3 GROWTH OF POPULATION

The population of India is expected to exceed that of China around 2027as per World Population Prospects 2019 Report.

As per Census 2011, the country's Decadal Growth Rate was 17.7%

During 2001-2011, the growth rates of almost all States and UTs have registered a lower figure compared to 1991-2001. The percentage decadal growth rates of the six most populous States, namely, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have fallen during2001-2011 compared to 1991-2001. The fall in the rate of growth is the lowest for Andhra Pradesh and highest for Maharashtra. Tamil Nadu and Puducherry have registered some increase during 2001-2011 over the previous decade. Nagaland is the only state in the country where the population has decreased during 2001-2011. For the first time since 1921, urban India added more numbers to its population in a decade than rural India did.

1. CENSUS 2011



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A study of population distribution reveals some distinctive features. The river deltas and fertile plains are the most densely populated regions. These include the northern plains, the coastal plains and the delta along the Bay of Bengal.

The literacy rate in India is defined as the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above, who can read and write with understanding. According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate in India is 73.00%. Compared to the adult literacy rate, here the youth literacy rate is about 9% higher.

The female literacy rate as per 2011 census is 65.46%, whereas the male literacy rate is over 70%. The highest literacy rate in India is in the state of Kerala (94%). It is followed by Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Tripura and Goa. The lowest literacy rate in India is in the state of Bihar (61.8%).

There were 179 languages and as many as 544 dialects in the country, according to Grierson (Linguistic Survey of lndia, 1903 - 1928). In the context of modern India, there are 22 scheduled languages and a number of non-scheduled languages. The speakers of Hindi have the highest percentage among the scheduled languages. The smallest language groups are Kashmiri and Sanskrit speakers.

INDIA HAS 22 SCHEDULED LANGUAGES

1. Assames

2. Bengali

3. Bodo

4. Dogri

5. Gujarati

6. Hindi

7. Kannada

8. Kashmiri

9. Konkan

10. Maithaili

11. Malayalam

12. Manipuri

13. Marathi

14. Nepali

15. Odia

16. Punjabi

17. Sanskrit

18. Santhali

19. Sindhi

20. Tamil

21. Telugu

22. Urdu

Of these 22 languages, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Nepali, Sanskrit, Santhali and Sindhi are not major languages of any State/Union Territory.

S. NO

STATES TRIBES

1. Arunachal Pradesh Abor, Aptanees, Mishmi, Tsangpur.

2. Assam Bodo, Chakma, Kachri, Lalang, Mikir.

3. Meghalaya Garo, Hamar, Khasi, Jaintia.

4. Nagaland Naga, Siteng, Koyank.

5. Manipur Kuki.

6. Tripura Bhutiya, Chakma, Garo, Jaintia, Khasi, Lushai, Lepcha, Orang, Reyang.

7. Mizoram Lakher, Mizo.

8. West Bengal Bihor, Bhumij, Bhutia, Chakma, Garo, Gond, Ho, Kharwar, Khond, Korwa, Khedia, Lepcha, Lohri, Uraon, Pahariya, Santhal.

9. Jharkhand Bhurnij, Birhor, Ho, Khadia, Khond, Korwa, Lohra, Pahariya, Santhal.

10. Uttarakhand Bhutia, Jaunsari, Tharu.

11. Odisha Bhurnia, Bhurnij, Birhor, Gond, Ho, Kol, Kharia, Kharwar, Khond, Koy, Munda, Uraon, Santhal.

12. Chhattisgarh Birhor, Bhunjia, Bhumia, Ghanwad, Gond, Korwa, Kharwar, Khadia, Munda, Koya.

13. Madhya Pradesh Bhil, Kol, Sahariya.

14. Himachal Pradesh Gujjar, Kinnar, Gaddi.

15. Rajasthan Bhil, Meena, Gond or Rajgond, Sahariya.

16. Maharashtra Bhunjia, Dhanwad, Kol, Khadia, Kharwar, Kamar, Kumbi, Naika or Naikde

17. Andhra Pradesh Redhi, Koy, Kotia, Naik.

18. Karnataka Naikad, Pulyan, Puniyan, Rajgond.

19. Kerala Kuruman, Matheuvan, Puniyan.

20. Andaman and Nicobar Island Group

Andaman, Jarwa, Niabari, Shampen, Pan, Kader, Puliyan, Onge Sentiheali.

21. Tamil Nadu Tond

2. SCHEDULED TRIBES



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