Cell Structure & Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life

functions.

Examples of Cells

Amoeba

Plant Cell

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Organelles

• Organelles are the parts of the cell that perform different functions.

• There are 11 main organelles (9 for animal cells)

“Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Cell Parts

Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Wall• Gives shape and support

to cell• Plants and protists, like

algae, have cell walls• Fungi, like yeasts and

mushrooms, also have cell walls

• Bacteria and Archae also have cell walls, but they are different from plant and fungi

• Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls

Cell Membrane

• “Gatekeeper” of the cell that controls what can come in or out of the cell

• Semi-permeable

Inside the Cell

Nucleus • Controls the cell’s

activities

• It’s like the “boss” or the “brains” of the cell

• DNA is found inside the nucleus

Nuclear Membrane

• The “gatekeeper” of the nucleus

• Protects the outside of the nucleus

• Controls what can go in or out of the nucleus

Chromosomes

• Long pieces of DNA inside the nucleus

• Come in pairs-one from your mom and one from your dad

• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 total chromosomes

Cytoplasm

• Soupy, Jell-O like substance that holds all organelles inside the cell in place

Ribosomes

• Each cell contains thousands

• Make proteins for the cell

Mitochondria

• Makes energy (ATP) by breaking down fats and carbohydrates

• Controls level of water and other materials in cell

• If your mitochondria wasn’t working properly, you wouldn’t be making enough energy and may feel very tired!!

Lysosomes

• Digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

• Clean up cell’s waste by sending them to the cell membrane for disposal

Vacuoles• Storage centers for

both plant and animal cells

• Much larger in plant cells because of the storage of water

• Gives plant cells shape (along with cell wall)

Chloroplast

• ONLY found in plant cells

• Contains chlorophyll, which is where plants get their green pigment

• Where photosynthesis takes place

Match That Part!• Cell Membrane• Cell Wall• Chloroplasts• Mitochondria• Ribosomes• Lysosomes• Vacuole• Chromosomes• Nucleus• Nuclear Membrane• Cytoplasm

• Controls what goes in/out of nucleus

• Controls cell activities• Creates proteins for cell• Contains/long pieces of DNA• Gives the cell shape and

support• Controls what goes in/out of

cell• Contains chlorophyll for

photosynthesis• Storage of food and water• Gobbles up the waste• Jell-O like substance that

holds parts in place• Produces energy for the cell

How to Write an Analogy

• An analogy is a comparison between two seemingly unlike things, using the words like or as and giving an explanation.

• For example:-The nucleus is to a cell as Mrs. Opferman is to Webb Bridge Middle School

• Now you practice will cell parts!– The nucleus is to a cell as _______is to a

________________.

Animal

Both

Plant