CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

• All living things are made up of basic units called cells

• The living component of a cell is protoplasm. It consist of cytoplasm and the nucleus

nucleus

cytoplasm

• The nucleus content is known as nucleoplasm

• Nucleus is surrounded by cytoplasm

• The protoplasm is surrounded by plasma membrane

• Cytoplasm contains a variety of tiny structure called organelles

• Organelles are cellular component that perform specific function within the cell

• Some of the cellular components can only be seen under an electron microscope

Animal cell

The cellular components of animals and plant cells

• There are many similarities and differences between animal and plant cells

• Both cells have the following cellular components:

a) Nucleus

b) Cytoplasm

c) Plasma membrane

• Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplast and large vacuoles

• Animals cells do not have cell wall and chloroplasts

• Vacuoles inside the animals cell are usually small

• Only a few types of cells have vacuoles

Plasma membrane

• A thin flexible layer

• Composed of phospholipids and proteins

• Semi-permeable – acts as a selective barrier

• Function :

• Separates the contents of a cell from its external environment

• Regulates the movement of substances entering and leaving the cell

• Allows the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and waste product

Cytoplasm

• Consist of a jelly like medium in which cell’s organelles are suspended

• Contains organic and inorganic substances

• Functions :

• As a medium where biochemical reactions and most living processes occur within the cell

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