Download - Cedar Rapids Iowa City Regional Report

CedarRapids/IowaCity

RegionalDataReportOctober2010

Compiled by Ma Fisher, MS

University of Iowa Department of Urban and Regional Planning

Contacts:DeeBaird,PriorityOne,(319)730‐1420orJoeRaso,ICADGroup,(319)354‐3939

Alliant Energy

Cedar Rapids Area Chamber of Commerce

Entrepreneurial Development Center

Iowa City Area Chamber of Commerce

Iowa City Area Development Group

John Pappajohn Entrepreneurial Center

Kirkwood Community College

Kirkwood Small Business Development Center

MidAmerican Energy Company

Priority One

University of Iowa Research Founda on

University of Iowa Small Business

Development Center

The report was commissioned by the Corridor Business Alliance,

with direct support from Kirkwood Community College

The Corridor Business Alliance

1

Table of Contents

1. Population 2

2. Labor Market 6

3. Income and Wages 12

4. Poverty 19

5. Housing Costs 26

6. Residential Building Permits 31

7. Business Starts 37

8. Patents 41

9. Capital Investment 46

10. Crime 50

11. School Enrollment 57

12. Graduation Rates 64

13. Education 69

2

1. Population

The corridor region, including the counties of Benton, Cedar, Iowa, Johnson, Jones, Linn, and Washington, is home to around 440,000 people (table 1.1). Our region accounts for nearly 15% of the state population, and this share is growing. In each decade since the 1920s, our population has grown at a faster rate than the state of Iowa (figure 1.1). In 1920, we had 8.3% of the state population. By 2000, the share had increased to 13.8%, and 2009 estimates put it at 14.7%.

Table 1.1. County Population. Benton Cedar Iowa Johnson Jones Linn Washington Region

1900 25,177 19,371 19,544 24,817 21,954 55,392 20,718 186,973

1910 23,156 17,765 18,409 25,914 19,050 60,720 19,925 184,939

1920 24,080 17,560 18,600 26,462 18,607 74,004 20,421 199,734

1930 22,851 16,760 17,332 30,276 19,206 82,336 19,822 208,583

1940 22,879 16,884 17,016 33,191 19,950 89,142 20,055 219,117

1950 22,656 16,910 15,835 45,756 19,401 104,274 19,557 244,389

1960 23,422 17,791 16,396 53,663 20,693 136,899 19,406 288,270

1970 22,885 17,655 15,419 72,127 19,868 163,213 18,967 330,134

1980 23,649 18,635 15,429 81,717 20,401 169,775 20,141 349,747

1990 22,429 17,444 14,630 96,119 19,444 168,767 19,612 358,445

2000 25,308 18,187 15,671 111,006 20,221 191,701 20,670 402,764

2009* 26,734 18,006 15,811 131,005 20,364 209,226 21,258 442,404

*Estimate Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

3

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6

2. Labor Market

Figures for employment come from two sources. The Census Bureau releases a report each year called County Business Pattern (CBP). This report includes, among other things, the number of employees in a county in each of some 1,200 sectors. These surveys do not include farmers, the self-employed, or government employees (with the exception of health care workers and public school teachers).

The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, covers a slightly different set of industries, but it includes most government workers.

In order to protect firm’s information, the reports will not release employment figures for industries or sectors which are dominated by a few large employers. Of the 19 industries covered by County Business Patterns, only 8 had reportable figures for all seven counties (table 2.1). Unlike the QCEW, the CBP will report an employment range, and from these we can at least establish a minimum industry employment for the region (table 2.2).

Table 2.1. Employment by Industry by County, 2007. NAICS Code Description Benton Cedar Iowa Johnson Jones Linn Washington

Private Employment (BLS) 4,131 4,189 8,162 50,688 5,113 110,567 6,584

Total Government Employment (BLS) 1,521 1,090 1,084 23,346 1,430 12,832 1,453

Federal 70 108 70 1,492 61 1,126 71

State 128 N/A 29 N/A 415 559 68

Local 1,324 N/A 985 N/A 954 11,148 1,315

‐‐‐‐‐‐

Total Employment (CBP)

4,627 4,198 7,876 59,267 4,675 110,578 7,044

11

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 0 ‐ 19 20 ‐ 99

20 ‐ 99 0 ‐ 19 0 ‐ 19 20 ‐ 99 0 ‐ 19

21 Mining

20 ‐ 99 0 0 20 ‐ 99 20 ‐ 99 51 20 ‐ 99

7

22 Utilities

20 ‐ 99 0 ‐ 19 0 ‐ 19 100 ‐ 249 20 ‐ 99 453 0

23 Construction

443 245 196 2,615 297 6,168 784

31‐33 Manufacturing

783 6062500 ‐ 4999 5,504 931 17,107 1,091

42 Wholesale Trade

234 272 336 1,298 180 5,159 303

44‐45 Retail Trade

846 596 1,223 8,473 1,002 14,406 1,043

48‐49 Transportation and Warehousing 323

500 ‐ 999 169 4,442 158 7,233 100 ‐ 249

51 Information

100 20 ‐ 9920 ‐ 99 2,142 20 ‐ 99 5,509 96

52 Finance and Insurance 200 156 122 1,875 206 8,832 217

53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 56 24

20 ‐ 99 712 0 ‐ 19 1,167 20 ‐ 99

54

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 87 90

20 ‐ 99 1,965 134 4,649 202

55

Management of Companies and Enterprises 0 0 ‐ 19

20 ‐ 99 278 0 ‐ 19 1,570 20 ‐ 99

56

Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 20 ‐ 99 356 133 1,940 74 7,249 61

61 Educational Services

20 ‐ 99 0 ‐ 1920 ‐ 99

1000 ‐ 2499 88 3,004 0 ‐ 19

62 Health Care and Social Assistance 718 565 718 16,124 801 13,297 1,330

71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 94 20 ‐ 99 80 598 46 1,319 72

72 Accommodation and Food Services 338 303 687 6,783 348 9,204 1,263

81

Other Services (except Public Administration) 247 168 137 2,158

100 ‐ 249 4,151 328

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2007. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2007. Since over half of the industries employment totals are suppressed for at least one county, it is difficult to get a picture of the Corridor labor force from these numbers. Furthermore, different industries could be suppressed next year, making it difficult to track regional changes in anything but total employment.

8

Chmura Economics makes available, for a fee, estimates for the suppressed BLS employment figures. Table 2.2 gives the estimated employment totals for the seven counties. Health care, education, retail, and manufacturing are the largest industries, with around 30,000 employees each. These figures include both private and public sector employees. Table 2.2. Regional Employment by Industry, 2009. Industry Employment

Accommodation and Food Services 18,847

Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 11,927

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 947

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 2,182

Construction 11,309

Educational Services 29,005

Finance and Insurance 11,099

Health Care and Social Assistance 33,782

Information 7,549

Management of Companies and Enterprises 725

Manufacturing 30,295

Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 326

Other Services (except Public Administration) 6,080

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 6,754

Public Administration 8,504

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 2,777

Retail Trade 27,726

Transportation and Warehousing 13,930

Utilities 1,225

Wholesale Trade 7,632

TOTAL 232,624 Source: Chmura Economics, 2010. The Corridor had a higher percentage of its workforce in Education (12.5%) and Health Care and Social Assistance (14.5%), compared to the nation and the State of Iowa (table 2.3). In manufacturing and retail, the Corridor devoted a smaller percentage than the State, but larger than the U.S. The Corridor also has a significantly greater percentage of its workforce in the Information (3.3%) and the Transportation and Warehousing (6.0%) industries, compared the U.S. and the State of Iowa.

9

Table 2.3. Employment by Industry as Percentage, 2009. Industry Region State U.S.

Accommodation and Food Services 8.1% 7.9% 8.7%

Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 5.1% 4.4% 5.6%

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 0.4% 1.1% 0.9%

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 0.9% 1.5% 1.8%

Construction 4.9% 4.6% 4.8%

Educational Services 12.5% 9.9% 9.5%

Finance and Insurance 4.8% 6.2% 4.4%

Health Care and Social Assistance 14.5% 14.0% 13.8%

Information 3.3% 2.2% 2.3%

Management of Companies and Enterprises 0.3% 0.9% 1.4%

Manufacturing 13.0% 14.1% 9.2%

Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 0.1% 0.2% 0.5%

Other Services (except Public Administration) 2.6% 2.9% 3.4%

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 2.9% 3.0% 5.9%

Public Administration 3.7% 4.9% 5.8%

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 1.2% 0.9% 1.6%

Retail Trade 11.9% 12.2% 11.4%

Transportation and Warehousing 6.0% 4.2% 3.9%

Utilities 0.5% 0.5% 0.6%

Wholesale Trade 3.3% 4.6% 4.3%

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2009. Chmura Economics, 2010. The Corridor also has a larger percentage of its employment in the public sector (19.3%) than either the State or the U.S. (table 2.3). Linn and Iowa counties are the only two in the region with above average private sector employment. Johnson County, thanks to the University of Iowa, has nearly a third or its workforce in government employment.

10

Table 2.3. Private vs. Public Sector Employment, 2009. Private Public

Benton 72.6% 27.4%

Cedar 79.9% 20.1%

Iowa 87.4% 12.6%

Johnson 67.1% 32.9%

Jones 76.8% 23.2%

Linn 89.1% 10.9%

Washington 81.0% 19.0%

REGION 80.7% 19.3%

STATE 83.6% 16.4%

U.S. 83.2% 16.8%

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2010. By County Business Pattern figures, regional employment dipped between 2001 and 2004, but rebounded in 2007 (table 2.3). The 2004 drop of more than 7,000 jobs was approximately the drop in Linn County alone. By 2007, Linn County was still 1,000 jobs short of its 2001 mark, and Iowa County was down 1,500 jobs to 7,876. Growth in Johnson and Washington Counties pushed the region up to 198,265 jobs, 6,000 more than in 2001. Table 2.3. Total Employment (CBP), 2001 – 2007

2001 2004 2007

Benton 4,612 4,641 4,627

Cedar 4,114 3,629 4,198

Iowa 9,459 8,403 7,876

Johnson 52,276 53,876 59,267

Jones 4,457 4,555 4,675

Linn 111,650 104,433 110,578

Washington 5,783 5,578 7,044

REGION 192,351 185,115 198,265

STATE 1,255,162 1,241,864 1,303,436

U.S. 115,061,184 115,074,924 120,604,265

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2001, 2004, 2007.

11

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12

3. Income and Wages

Average compensation for workers in the Corridor is above the state average (table 3.1). In 2001, workers in the region made about $3,000 (11.5%) more than the state average, but regional wages have grown more slowly than the state average. Accounting for inflation, regional wages increased by 3.9% between 2001 to 2009, compared to 6.4% for the state, although they finished around 10% above the state average. During this period, regional wages grew slightly faster than national wages, but finished 11% lower. Table 3.1. Average Annual Wage by County, 2001 vs. 2009. (2009 dollars).

2001 2009 Change

Benton 28,990 30,229 4.27%Cedar 27,274 29,966 9.87%Iowa 34,542 32,745 -5.20%Johnson 38,356 40,905 6.65%Jones 27,242 30,216 10.92%Linn 41,973 42,976 2.39%Washington 27,094 28,144 3.88%Region 38,976 40,480 3.86%State 34,933 37,165 6.39%U.S. 43,875 45,551 3.82%

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages Within the region, there are some large disparities (figure 3.1). Linn and Johnson are the only two counties with average pay higher than the state, but they account for 85% of the total jobs. The difference between the lowest (Washington) and highest (Linn) paying counties is almost $15,000. ……………………………

13

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15

Wage figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics report what the average employee would earn by working full time, year round. Income figures from the Census Bureau or the Bureau of Economic Analysis report all the income a person or household receives in a year, from all sources, regardless of whether or how much they work. Table 3.3. Per Capita Income, 2001 – 2008 (2009 dollars). County 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Change

Benton $33,641 $33,757 $32,688 $33,872 $32,890 $33,317 $34,866 $36,210 7.63%

Cedar $35,016 $35,138 $35,062 $36,019 $34,352 $34,664 $36,339 $37,469 7.00%

Iowa $37,210 $38,618 $37,818 $39,132 $36,605 $36,536 $37,058 $38,423 3.26%

Johnson $36,361 $36,409 $36,013 $36,895 $36,438 $37,330 $38,364 $38,088 4.75%

Jones $28,142 $28,258 $27,730 $28,342 $27,347 $27,588 $28,260 $28,556 1.47%

Linn $38,229 $38,059 $37,998 $38,487 $38,493 $39,285 $40,189 $39,983 4.59%

Washington $33,737 $33,706 $33,931 $36,028 $35,654 $37,027 $38,470 $38,430 13.91%

Region $36,512 $36,519 $36,262 $37,044 $36,629 $37,386 $38,412 $38,432 5.26%

State $33,795 $34,386 $34,338 $35,990 $35,516 $36,059 $36,996 $37,376 10.59%

U.S. $37,729 $37,520 $37,627 $38,479 $38,913 $40,117 $40,759 $40,023 6.08%

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts, 2010. Figure 3.3. Per Capita Income, 2001 – 2008 (2009 dollars).

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts, 2010.

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16

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17

Table 3.4. Median Income by Household Type, 1990 - 2008. (2009 dollars.) All Households Family Households Non‐Family Households

1990 2000 2006‐2008 1990 2000

2006‐2008 1990 2000

2006‐2008

Benton $42,610 $52,858 $57,253 $50,675 $61,920 $69,169 $22,107 $28,474 $28,417

Cedar $45,489 $52,573 N/A $52,387 $60,860 N/A $25,687 $29,333 N/A

Iowa $43,628 $51,357 N/A $52,013 $60,980 N/A $22,033 $29,385 N/A

Johnson $45,734 $49,909 $54,863 $65,011 $74,891 $78,776 $26,752 $30,117 $31,325

Jones $40,183 $46,656 $46,458 $46,194 $55,153 $57,594 $19,965 $27,612 $27,422

Linn $52,751 $57,566 $54,267 $62,608 $70,384 $70,143 $28,806 $34,038 $32,595

Washington $42,385 $48,717 $53,138 $49,728 $56,856 $61,912 $24,497 $27,222 $29,612

STATE $43,053 $49,173 $50,271 $51,967 $59,807 $63,370 $23,292 $27,975 $28,537

U.S. $49,335 $52,319 $53,986 $57,820 $62,350 $65,404 $28,299 $32,025 $32,642

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census, 2000 Census, American Community Survey.

Johnson County had the third lowest median household income in 2000. In median income for family households, Johnson County was the regions highest (figure 3.5). The population of family households excludes much of the student population

Though we can’t compute a regional median from the county medians, the seven counties are in the range of the state and national medians for all households and for non-family households. For family households, the five smallest are in the range of state and national median, but Linn and Johnson are well above them.

18

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19

4. Poverty

The U.S. Census Bureau calculates poverty rates by comparing a households income to the poverty levels established for that family size and composition. Income is before taxes and includes, most notably, wages from work, social security and pension payments, and public assistance in the form of cash (but not food assistance or housing vouchers). The thresholds were established in 1963, and are adjusted each year for inflation. They do not account for geographic variation in the cost of living.

Table 4.1. 2009 Poverty Thresholds.

Size of family unit None One Two Three Four Five Six

Seven

Eight or more

One person (unrelated individual)....

Under 65 years.......................

11,161

65 years and over....................

10,289

Two people............................

Householder under 65 years...........

14,366

14,787

Householder 65 years and over......

12,968

14,731

Three people..........................

16,781

17,268

17,285

Four people...........................

22,128

22,490

21,756

21,832

Five people...........................

26,686

27,074

26,245

25,603

25,211

Six people............................

30,693

30,815

30,180

29,571

28,666

28,130

Seven people..........................

35,316

35,537

34,777

34,247

33,260

32,108

30,845

Eight people..........................

39,498

39,847

39,130

38,501

37,610

36,478

35,300

35,000

Nine people or more...................

47,514

47,744

47,109

46,576

45,701

44,497

43,408

43,138

41,476

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

20

Poverty rates in the corridor are slightly lower than rates for the State of Iowa, and generally 3 percentage points below the national rate.

Between 1990 and 2000, poverty rates dropped in the U.S., in the state of Iowa, and in all seven counties (table 4.2). The Iowa poverty rate dropped more sharply than the national rate. The biggest drops in the corridor were in Benton and Cedar counties. Both saw drops of around 5 percentage points, while the number of those living in poverty was cut nearly in half.

Poverty rates have come back up across the board in recent years. The American Community Survey (ACS) is an ongoing sample survey of households across the nation. The sample size is such that three year averages were available for five counties in the corridor. Unfortunately, Cedar and Iowa Counties are too small to allow reliable estimates, even over three years. With the long form being discontinued in the 2010 census, it is unclear when we will again have poverty rates for counties of this size.

Table 4.2. Poverty rates. 1990 2000 2006‐2008

Benton 11.4% 6.1% 6.8%Cedar 10.2% 5.5% N/AIowa 8.2% 5.0% N/AJohnson 17.1% 15.0% 16.8%Jones 11.5% 8.6% 11.1%Linn 8.6% 6.5% 9.9%Washington 9.5% 7.6% 9.1%Region 11.2% 8.8% N/AState 11.5% 9.1% 11.2%U.S. 13.1% 12.4% 13.2%Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census, 2000 Census, American Community Survey.

21

Figure 4.1. National, State, and Regional Poverty Rates.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census, 2000 Census.

The drop in poverty rates between 1990 and 2000, and the recent resurgence are more likely a result of the business cycles than any permanent structural change. The red shaded areas of figure 4.2 signify the periods for which poverty rates are estimated in the 1990 census, 2000 census, and the 2006 – 2008 ACS average. The 2000 census poverty rates derive from income received during 1999, in which unemployment rates were significantly lower than in 1989 or during the three years of the most recent ACS estimates.

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10%

12%

14%

1990 2000

Po

vert

y R

ate

Region

State

U.S.

22

Figure 4.2. State of Iowa Unemployment Rate, 1985 - 2008.

Source : Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics. Iowa County had the lowest poverty rate in both 1989 and 1999, and Jones County had the second highest rate in both of these years (figure 4.3). Differences in poverty rates among the seven counties are not dramatic, with the exception of Johnson County. While the poverty rate has remained more than 5 percentage points higher than any other county, the difference can be attributed to the large student population. Students tend to work less, for lower pay, and report less income. However, they often cover living expenses with student loans or with help from family members, neither of which are reported as income.

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Un

em

plo

yme

nt

Rat

e

23

Figure 4.3. County Poverty Rates.


While we do not have data on poverty rates among the non-student population, the Decennial Census and the American Community Survey (ACS) report poverty rates by different household types. Focusing on the household population eliminates students living in dormitories, but students living alone or with friends off campus are still considered to be in households. The population in family households counts some students, and excludes many non-students, but it nonetheless paints a very different picture of poverty in the corridor.

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

1990 2000

Po

vert

y R

ate

Benton Cedar Iowa Johnson Jones Linn Washington

24

Figure 4.4. 2000 Poverty Rates Among the Population in Family Households.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census.

Considering only family households, Johnson County no longer stands out (figure 4.4). The poverty rate in the Corridor in 1999 was 4.6%, compared to 6% in the State of Iowa and 9.2% in the U.S. (table 4.3). 2006 – 2008 estimates were not available for Cedar and Iowa counties, but only Jones County had a poverty rate higher than the State average in the most recent ACS.

Table 4.3. 1990 Poverty Rates Among the Population in Family Households.

1990 2000 2006-2008Benton 10.0% 4.6% 4.16%

Cedar 9.1% 4.0% N/A

Iowa 6.7% 3.4% N/A

Johnson 7.8% 5.2% 6.60%

Jones 10.0% 6.2% 7.71%

Linn 6.6% 4.3% 6.17%

Washington 8.3% 5.1% 7.17%

Region 7.5% 4.6% N/A

State 9.4% 6.0% 7.20%

U.S. 11.6% 9.2% 9.63%Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census, 2000 Census, ACS.

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%P

ove

rty

Rat

e


25

Figure 4.5. Poverty Rates Among the Population in Family Households.


0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Po

vert

y R

ate

1990 2000

Region State U.S.

26

5. Housing Costs

The U.S. Census Bureau, in its Decennial Census (long form) and American Community Survey, asks some detailed questions about the housing costs of both owners and renters. Both are random samples of the population. The 1990 and 2000 Census data provides estimates of housing costs in every county in the years 1989 and 1999. The American Community Survey has a smaller sample size, and only estimates three year averages in most counties. In smaller counties, such as Cedar and Iowa, they are not even able to make these estimates.

In general, housing costs in the corridor are below the U.S average, but slightly higher than the State of Iowa. In 2006 -2008, Johnson was the only county where rents were above the state average (table 5.1). Linn County had been above in the 1990 and 2000 census. The highest rent county, Johnson, did not come closer than $47 to the national average in any of the three samples.

Furthermore, rents in the corridor seem to be growing much more slowly than in other areas. While rents in the U.S. and the State of Iowa grew by a modest 15.5% and 13.9%, Johnson County rents grew only 8.6% over 17 years. Linn County rents grew by only 2.7%, an annual rate of 0.16%.

Table 5.1. Median Rent (2009 dollars). 1990 2000 2006‐2008 % Change

Benton 461 480 526 14.0%

Cedar 519 549 N/A N/A

Iowa 484 513 N/A N/A

Johnson 676 703 735 8.6%

Jones 456 518 584 27.9%

Linn 606 635 622 2.7%

Washington 488 528 628 28.8%

STATE 552 586 628 13.9%

U.S. 734 750 847 15.5%


27

Figure 5

Source: U Figure 5

Source: U

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

Me

dia

n R

en

t

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

Me

dia

nR

en

t5.1. 2006 - 2

U.S. Census B

5.2. Median

U.S. Census B

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0Bento

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2008 Median

Bureau, 1990

n Rent 1990

Bureau, 1990

on John

19

n Rent (200

Census, 2000

– 2008. (20

Census, 2000

son Jon

990

9 dollars).

0 Census, Am

009 dollars)

0 Census, Am

nes Linn

2000

merican Comm

merican Comm

n Washi

2

munity Survey

munity Survey

ngton S

006 ‐ 2008

y.

y.

State U.S

S.

28

Inaverage iJohnson appears tJohnson

Onationallynational r Table 5.2

Benton Cedar Iowa JohnsonJones Linn WashingSTATEU.S.

Source: U Figure 5

Source: U

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

$1,600

$1,800

Me

dia

n O

wn

er

Co

stn owner occuin the most rCounty to beto be more eand Linn ha

Owner costs hy, while cosrates.

2. Median O19

788

n 1279

gton 7E 8

11U.S. Census B

5.3. 2006 - 2

U.S. Census B

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0Bento

upied housinrecent sample above the nxpensive forve been conhave grown t growth in B

Owner Cost990 200781 100857 97814 92207 136733 93976 115779 92877 99169 131Bureau, 1990

2008 Median

Bureau, 1990

on Johns

ng units, the le (table 5.2)nation. Comr owners. Wsistently higmore slowlyBenton, Jone

t (2009 doll00 2006-201 177 N20 N63 1

0 150 121 198 110 1

Census, 2000

n Owner Co

Census, 2000

son Jon

median own). The 1990 mpared to the

While the smagher, Johnsony in Linn andes, and Wash

ars). 2008 Ch

187 5N/AN/A437 1038 4247 2116 4

1136 291508 290 Census, Am

ost (2009 do

0 Census, Am

es Linn

ner cost is agand 2000 cee State of Ioaller five coun by at least d Johnson Chington Cou

hange2.1%N/AN/A

9.0%1.6%7.8%3.3%9.5%9.0%

merican Comm

ollars).

merican Comm

Washin

gain below tensus did fin

owa, howeveunties have $300 a mon

Counties thanunties has ex

munity Survey

munity Survey

ngton St

the national nd owner coser, the regioncomparable

nth. n they have xceeded state

y.

y.

tate U.S

sts in n costs,

e and

.

29

Hcosts as dthe perceless of th

Table 5.3

Benton Cedar Iowa JohnsonJones Linn WashingSTATEU.S.

Source: U

Figure 5

Source: U

0%

10%

20%

30%

% o

f In

com

eHome ownersdo those in thentages increheir income t

3. Owner C

19111

n 11

gton 1E 1

U.S. Census B

5.3. Owner

U.S. Census B

%

%

%

%Bento

s in the Corrhe rest of the

eased slightlytoward hous

Costs as a Pe

990 2006.2 19.7.1 19.6.5 119 20.

4.6 26.5 19.6.8 19.

17.3 19.21 21.

Bureau, 1990

Costs as Pe

Bureau, Ame

on Johns

ridor pay aboe state, arouy, but not neing than the

ercentage o

00 2006-2.6 .4 N9 N

.3 220 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.7 Census, 2000

rcentage of

erican Commu

son Jon

out the samend 22% (tab

early as much national ave

f Income, m

200822

N/AN/A22.422.621.421.421.4

250 Census, Am

f Income, me

unity Survey,

es Linn

e percentage ble 5.3). Durh as they diderage in 200

median valu

merican Comm

edian value

2008

Washin

of their incoring the reced elsewhere.00, before th

e.

munity Survey

e, 2006 – 200

ngton St

ome to housient housing b. Iowans stil

he housing bu

y.

08.

tate U.S

ing boom, ll pay ubble.

.

30

Rthan the spercentagmedians.percentagcan some

Table 5.4

Benton

Cedar

Iowa

Johnson

Jones

Linn

Washing

STATE

U.S.

Source: U Figure 5

Source: U

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

% o

f In

com

eRenters in thestate averagege of income While Johnge of incomeetimes pay re

4. Rent as %

1990

2

2

1

2

1

2

gton 2

2

2U.S. Census B

5.4. Rent as

U.S. Census B

%

%

%

%

%Bento

e corridor hae (table 5.4).e spent on renson Countye is also a prent from oth

% of Income

0 2000

22.7 2

21.4 1

19.2 19.

28.3 30.

18.5 20.

23.2 22.

20.5 20.

24.1 23.

26.4 25.Bureau, 1990

% of Incom

Bureau, Amer

on Johns

ave tended to. The excepent has been y does have troduct the laher sources.

e, median v

2006‐20

20 25

19 N

.9 N

.5 33

.2 24

.4 25

.5 27

.2 27

.5 29Census, 2000

me, median v

rican Commu

son Jon

o spend a smtion is Johnssignificantly

the highest rrge student p

alue.

008

5.7

N/A

N/A

3.0

4.5

5.9

7.9

7.0

9.80 Census, Am

value, 2006

unity Survey,

es Linn

maller percenson County, y higher thanrents in the rpopulation, w

merican Comm

– 2008.

2008

Washin

ntage of their where the mn the State o

region, the hiwho work an

munity Survey

ngton St

r income on median or National igh rent as and earn less

y.

tate U.S

rent

a but

.

31

6. Building Permits

The U.S. Census Bureau conducts monthly surveys of agencies responsible for issuing building permits. They report the number of residential permits issued, the number of housing units contained by the permits, and the value associated with the construction. The figures refer only to the construction that is authorized to take place, and permit remains in the statistics whether or not it was ever started or completed. Not every agency makes a report every period. If an agency fails to report, the Census Bureau counts the permits, units, and value as zero. However, in another series, they estimate figures for non-reporting agencies based on previous reports and broader trends. The figures reported here list the number of housing units listed in the permits, and include the estimates of missing values. There were permits issued for 1,985 units in the corridor in 2009 (table 6.1). This is up from 2008, but well below the peak of 3,495 in 2004. Over half of these were issued in Linn County, and another 700 were in Johnson County. The remaining 5 counties accounted for 6.6% of units. Table 6.1. Units in Residential Building Permits, 2000 – 2009. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Benton 95 97 91 79 105 94 70 48 27 22

Cedar 76 81 80 100 87 87 73 52 48 41

Iowa 37 20 25 25 29 22 14 17 18 15

Johnson 1,151 1,199 1,283 1,517 1,323 1,244 1,027 782 794 697

Jones 35 16 24 27 46 40 45 22 18 22

Linn 1,679 1,561 1,661 1,709 1,905 1,598 1,085 1,117 931 1,156

Washington 54 47 48 38 39 44 63 37 40 32

REGION 3,127 3,021 3,212 3,495 3,534 3,129 2,377 2,075 1,876 1,985

STATE 12,582 13,161 14,893 16,082 16,345 16,766 13,357 11,171 8,412 7,729

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permit Estimates - U.S., State, and Metropolitan Areas.

32

Figure 6

Source: U

MThe smalfamily un

Table 6.2

Benton

Cedar

Iowa

Johnson

Jones

Linn

Washing

REGION

STATE

Source: U

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

Un

its

6.1. Units in

U.S. Census B

Most of the pller five counnits authoriz

2. Units in 2000

8

6

2

52

2

85

gton 5

1,63

8,55

U.S. Census B

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Be

n Residentia

Bureau, Build

permits issuenties accoun

zed in 2009 (

Single Fam2001 2

5 74

6 67

5 18

9 622

9 12

0 860

4 36

8 1,689

2 8,877 1

Bureau, Build

enton Ce

al Building P

ding Permit Es

ed in the smant for 8% of (table 6.3).

mily Resident2002 2003

77

57

23

745 9

16

931 1,0

40

1,889 2,2

10,108 11,8

ding Permit Es

edar Iow

Permits, 200

stimates - U.S

aller five wersingle family

tial Buildin3 2004

79 99

87 62

25 27

959 927

21 42

013 1,045

36 21

220 2,223

841 12,374

stimates - U.S

wa Johnso

09.

S., State, and

re for singley home perm

ng Permits, 22005 20

94

69

22

889

40

964

42

2,120 1

12,812 1

S., State, and

on Jones

Metropolitan

family hommits, and 3.5

2000 – 2009006 2007

70 4

71 5

14 1

693 62

45 2

820 77

29 2

1,742 1,55

1,250 8,674

Metropolitan

s Linn

n Areas.

mes (table 6.25% of the mu

9. 2008 2

8 27

2 42

7 14

1 601

2 14

0 698

6 20

6 1,416

4 6,285

n Areas.

Washingto

2). ulti-

2009

22

41

13

599

16

661

18

1,370

5,705

on

33

Figure 6

Source: U

Table 6.3

Benton

Cedar

Iowa

Johnson

Jones

Linn

Washing

REGION

STATE

Source: U

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800U

nit

s6.2. Units in

U.S. Census B

3. Units in 2000

1

1

1

62

82

gton

1,48

4,03

U.S. Census B

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Be

n Single Fam

Bureau, Build

Multi-Fami2001 2

0 23

0 14

2 2

2 577

6 4

9 701

0 11

9 1,332

0 4,284

Bureau, Build

enton Ce

mily Residen

ding Permit Es

ily Resident2002 2003

14

23 1

2

538 55

8

730 69

8

1,323 1,27

4,785 4,24

ding Permit Es

edar Iow

ntial Buildin

stimates - U.S

tial Building3 2004

0 6

13 25

0 2

58 396

6 4

96 860

2 18

75 1,311

41 3,971

stimates - U.S

wa Johnso

ng Permits,

S., State, and

g Permits, 22005 200

0

18

0

355 3

0

634 2

2

1,009 6

3,954 3,1

S., State, and

on Jones

2009.

Metropolitan

2000 – 20096 2007

0 0

2 0

0 0

34 161

0 0

65 347

34 11

35 519

07 2,497

Metropolitan

s Linn

n Areas.

. 2008 200

0

6

4

193

4

233 4

20

460 6

2,127 2,0

n Areas.

Washingto

09

0

0

2

98

6

495

14

615

024

on

34

Figure 6

Source: U

Tin multi-fin 2008 tthe remai Table 6.4

REGION

STATE

Source: U

0

100

200

300

400

500

600U

nit

s6.3. Units in

U.S. Census B

The Corridor family buildthe region hainder of the

4. Percent o

2000

47.6%

32.0%

U.S. Census B

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Be

n Multi-Fam

Bureau, Build

is more urbdings (table 6ad a lower pestate.

of Units in M

2001 2

% 44.1% 4

% 32.6% 3

Bureau, Build

enton Ce

mily Residen

ding Permit Es

an than the s6.4). Howevercentage of

Multi-Fami

2002 2003

41.2% 36.5

32.1% 26.4

ding Permit Es

edar Iow

ntial Buildin

stimates - U.S

state as a whver, that gap f unit-permit

ily Permits,

3 2004

% 37.1%

4% 24.3%

stimates - U.S

wa Johnso

ng Permits,

S., State, and

hole, and hashas been sh

ts issued for

200 - 2009.

2005 200

32.2% 26.7

23.6% 23.3

S., State, and

on Jones

2009.

Metropolitan

s a larger shahrinking this

multi-family

6 2007

7% 25.0%

3% 22.4%

Metropolitan

s Linn

n Areas.

are of its houpast decadey housing th

2008 200

24.5% 31.

25.3% 26.

n Areas.

Washingto

using , and

han

09

0%

2%

on

35

Figure 6

Source: U

T6.5). SinCorridorin the regearlier thyear, unit

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

% M

ult

i Fam

ily

6.4. Percent

U.S. Census B

The trend in Cnce 1990, alm. The two exgion, and thehan they did ts in the Cor

%

%

%

%

%

%

2000

t of Units in

Bureau, Build

Corridor buimost every yxceptions wee current dowstatewide. Arridor increa

2001 2002

Multi-Fam

ding Permit Es

ilding permityear that permere the houswnturn. PermAnd while insed after fou

2 2003

mily Permits

stimates - U.S

ts have closemits increaseing boom inmits in the Cn 2009 units ur years of d

2004 200

, 200 - 2009

S., State, and

ely followeded in the Sta

n the late 90sCorridor beg

fell statewideclines.

05 2006

Region

9.

Metropolitan

d state-wide tate, they alsos, which peakan falling inde for the fou

2007 20

State

n Areas.

trends (figuro increased inked a year la

n 2005, a yeaurth consecu

008 2009

re n the ater ar utive

36

Figure 6.5. Units in Residential Building Permits, 1990 - 2009.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permit Estimates - U.S., State, and Metropolitan Areas.

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Bu

ildin

g P

erm

its: S

TATE

Bu

ildin

g P

erm

its

: R

EGIO

N

REGION

STATE

37

7. Business Starts

Data on business starts comes from the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) database, compiled by Walls and Associates and Dunn and Bradstreet. While the source data is proprietary and quite expensive, the Edward Lowe Foundation has made limited data available online through their website YourEconomy.org. The series tracks establishments as they open, expand, relocate, and close. An establishment is a single physical location.

Between 2001 and 2004, around 6,500 new establishments sprung up in the Corridor (table 7.1). This means that of all the establishments in operation in 2004, 6,500 of them were not in existence in 2001. Another 311 of the establishments existed in both years, but in different counties. Some may have moved with the region, and some may have come from outside (table 7.2). 229 of the Corridor establishment existing in 2001 had moved counties by 2004, so the period saw more establishment move into the Corridor than out.

The region saw 6,700 business starts between 2004 and 2007, 200 more than during the previous 3 years. The Nation and the State of Iowa saw relatively larger increases in business starts during that period.

Table 7.1. Business Starts.

2001‐2004 2004‐2007

Benton 328 353

Cedar 239 263

Iowa 236 296

Johnson 1,863 1,973

Jones 279 249

Linn 3,255 3,189

Washington 347 378

REGION 6,547 6,701

STATE 50,278 64,957

U.S. 5,422,697 7,343,426Source: Walls and Associates, National Establishment Time Series.

38

Table 7.2

Benton

Cedar

Iowa

Johnson

Jones

Linn

Washing

REGION

STATE

Source: W L2001 and Figure 7

Source: W

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

Bu

sin

ess S

tart

s

2. Business

gton

3

Walls and Ass

Linn and Johns2004. They a

7.1. Busines

Walls and Ass

0

00

00

00

00

Bent

s Relocation2001‐2004

IN

23

16

17

87

20

126

22

311*

635

sociates, Nati

son Counties accounted for

ss Starts, 20

sociates, Nati

ton Ceda

n.

OUT

27

16

13

53

22

79

19

229*

937

*changed count

ional Establis

accounted for only 70.1%

04 – 2007.

ional Establis

ar Iowa

2004 ‐ 200

IN

17

9

17

80

6

93

10

232*

564

ty, possibly with

hment Time S

or the vast majbetween 200

hment Time S

Johnson

07

OUT

22

11

10

48

9

79

17

196*

632

hin region

Series.

ajority (76.4%4 – 2007.

Series.

Jones

%) of business

Linn W

s starts betwee

Washington

en

39

Tcoverageand Emp

Figure 7

Source: W

Tof the couemployeeinto businstarts commore peo

2,

4,

6,

8,

10,

12,

14,

16,

Job

s in N

ew E

stab

lish

me

nts

The new estabe of this serieployment, bu

7.2. Jobs at

Walls and Ass

There is also untry, the vaes (figure 7.3ness alone. Tme in larger ople, compar

0

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

B

blishments ies differs frout these new j

New Establ

sociates, Nati

some detail ast majority 3). Nearly hThe Corridoroperations.

red to 1.9% o

Benton C

in 2007 empom the Counjobs probabl

lishments, 2

ional Establis

about the sizof Corridor

half are estabr, however, h3.2% of the

of those in th

Cedar Iow

loyed 25,00nty Business ly account fo

2004 – 2007.

hment Time S

ze of new esbusiness stablishments whad a greate

e Corridor’s he State of I

wa Johns

0 workers. TPatterns and

for at least 10

.

Series.

stablishmentarts are estabwith one emper percentagenew establis

Iowa and 1.8

son Jone

The methodd Quarterly C0% of the lab

ts. As is the blishments wployee, a sine than usual shments emp8% of those i

es Linn

dology and Census of Wbor market.

case in the rwith less thanngle person gof its busine

ployed 10 orin the U.S.

Washingt

Wages

rest n ten going ess r

on

40

Figure 7.3. Business Starts by Establishment Size, 2004 -2007.

Source: Walls and Associates, National Establishment Time Series.

45.0%

51.8%

3.2%

51.2%

46.8%

1.9%

45.4%

52.8%

1.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1(self employed) 2 ‐ 9 10 +

% o

f B

usi

ne

ss S

tart

s

Size of Establishment (employees)

Region State U.S.

41

8. Patents

The U.S. Patent and Trademark office released a report in 2000 detailing the number of utility patents (patents for invention, as opposed to design) in each county in the United States from 1990 to 1999. Each patent was assigned the residing county of the first inventor listed. This may not always be the county in which the inventor worked.

In nine of the ten years reported, Linn County had the most patents issued, followed by Johnson County. The exception was 1994, when Iowa County had 18 patents to Johnson County’s 16 (table 8.1).

Table 8.1. Utility Patents by Year.

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Benton 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 2 0

Cedar 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 1 2 3

Iowa 2 5 2 0 18 5 5 4 8 8

Johnson 21 15 29 25 16 33 28 24 47 51

Jones 2 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 2 5

Linn 67 60 59 72 74 56 73 70 92 141

Washington 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 9

REGION 94 82 92 100 112 97 112 101 155 217

STATE 349 378 369 371 395 425 435 401 653 752

U.S. 47,497 51,308 52,376 53,340 56,160 55,836 61,200 61,813 80,417 84,029Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, United States Patent Grants by State, County, and Metropolitan Area. 2000.

42

Figure 8

Source: UMetropoli

Dstate of Iit was a cfigures w

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Tota

l Pat

en

ts8.1. Total U

U.S. Patent anitan Area. 20

During the 90owa (table 8close second

were arrived

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

B

Utility Patent

nd Trademark000.

0s, the Corrid8.2, figure 8.d to Linn Couat using the

Benton C

ts 1990 -199

k Office, Unit

dor accounte2). While Iounty in patenaverage of e

Cedar Iow

99.

ted States Pate

ed for more owa County nts per 100,0each county’

wa Johnso

ent Grants by

than 1 in evwas a distan

000 people (’s 1990 and

on Jones

y State, Count

ery 4 patentnt third in to(table 8.3). (2000 popula

s Linn

ty, and

s issued in thotal patents is(The per 100ation.)

Washington

he ssued, 0,000

n

43

Table 8.2

Benton

Cedar

Iowa

Johnson

Jones

Linn

Washing

REGION

STATE

U.S. Source: UMetropoli

Figure 8

Source: UMetropoli

2. Total Ut

Paten

n

gton

N 1,

4,

603,U.S. Patent anitan Area. 20

8.2. Total U


ility Patents

nts Per Ye

9

11

57

289

15

764

17

162

528

976 nd Trademark000.

Utility Patent

nd Trademark000.

s, 1990 – 19

ear Per 100,00

3.

6.

37.

27.

7.

42.

8.

30.

15.

22.k Office, Unit

ts, 1990 – 19

k Office, Unit

99.

00

.77

.17

.62

.91

.56

.39

.44

.53

.96

.79ted States Pate

999.

ted States Pate

ent Grants by

ent Grants by

y State, Count

y State, Count

ty, and

ty, and

44

Table 8.3

Benton

Cedar

Iowa

Johnson

Jones

Linn

Washing

Region T

State To

U.S. Tota

Source: UMetropoli Figure 8

Source: UMetropoli

0

10

20

30

40

50

Pat

ents

per

100

,000

3. Utility P

1990

4.19

0.00

13.20

20.28

10.08

37.17

gton 4.96

Total 24.70

tal 12.30

al 17.92


8.3. Patents


0

0

0

0

0

0

B

atents per Y

0 1991 1

9 4.19

0 0.00

0 33.00 1

8 14.48 2

8 0.00

7 33.29 3

6 4.96

0 21.54 2

0 13.32 1

2 19.36 1

nd Trademark000.

per Year p

nd Trademark000.

Benton C

Year per Ca

1992 1993

0.00 0.00

0.00 11.23

3.20 0.00

8.00 24.14

0.00 0.00

2.74 39.95

9.93 4.96

4.17 26.27

3.01 13.08

9.76 20.12

k Office, Unit

er 100,000,

k Office, Unit

Cedar Iow

apita, 1990 -

3 1994

0 4.19

5.61

0 118.81 3

4 15.45 3

0 10.08 1

41.06 3

6 0.00

7 29.43 2

8 13.92 1

2 21.19 2

ted States Pate

1990 – 1999

ted States Pate

wa Johnso

-1999.

1995 1996

4.19 12.57

0.00 11.23

33.00 33.00

31.86 27.04

10.08 5.04

31.07 40.50

0.00 0.00

25.49 29.43

14.98 15.33

21.06 23.09

ent Grants by

9.

ent Grants by

on Jones

6 1997

7 0.00

3 5.61 1

0 26.40 5

4 23.17 4

4 5.04 1

0 38.84 5

0 4.96

3 26.54 4

3 14.13 2

9 23.32 3

y State, Count

y State, Count

s Linn

1998 1999

8.38 0.00

11.23 16.84

52.80 52.80

45.38 49.25

10.08 25.21

51.04 78.23

9.93 44.68

40.72 57.01

23.02 26.50

30.34 31.70

ty, and

ty, and

Washington

9 Average

0 3.77

4 6.17

0 37.62

5 27.91

1 7.56

3 42.39

8 8.44

1 30.53

0 15.96

0 22.79

n

45

In each year, the Corridor was above the national average in patents per capita, and significantly above the state average (figure 8.4). Over the decade, the Corridor averaged 30.5 patents per year per 100,000, nearly twice the state average of 16. The national average was 22.8 (table 8.2). Most of the innovation took place in Johnson and Linn Counties.

Figure 8.4. Patents per Year per 100,000, 1990 - 1999

Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, United States Patent Grants by State, County, and Metropolitan Area. 2000.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Pat

en

ts p

er

10

0,0

00

Region State U.S.

46

9. Capit

Alevel, theexpendituthey havehas not y

Gheadingsgovernmgovernmlisted hav

Figure 9

Source: UGovernme

$50,000,

$100,000,

$150,000,

$200,000,

tal Investme

Although datae Census of Gures for evere been aggre

yet been aggr

Governments of ‘construc

ments within tment would b

ve not been a

9.1. Public C

U.S. Census Bents.

$0

,000

,000

,000

,000

B

ent

a on capital Governmentry governmeegated by coregated.

s report capitction’ and ‘othe county. e included, badjusted for

Capital Inve

ureau, Gover

Benton C

investment bts, conductedent body in thunty. The 2

tal expendituother capital Investments

but not invesinflation.

estment by

rnments Divis

1997

Cedar Iow

by the privatd every five he nation. F

2007 Census

ures in over outlays’. In

s funded by gstments mad

County, 199

sion. 1997 Ce

wa Johnso

te sector is nyears, repor

For the data cof Governm

80 categoriencluded are igrants from

de directly by

97 and 2002

ensus of Gove

on Jones

not availablerts the revenucollected in

ments has bee

es divided beinvestments the State or y such bodie

2. (2009 Do

ernments, 200

2002

s Linn

e at the countues and 1997 and 20en released b

etween the bmade by Federal

es. The figur

ollars)

02 Census of

Washington

ty

002 but

broad

res

f

n

47

Linn andinvestme(figure 9

Figure 9

Source: UGovernme

Incounterpamountinwhich neconstruct

$

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

$70

$80

$90

$1,00

Inve

stm

en

t p

er

Cap

ita

d Johnson, thent in both ye.2), Linn Co

9.2. Public C

U.S. Census Bents.

n both years,arts in the reng to aroundearly tripled tion (tables 9

$0

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Be

he two most pears (figure 9

ounty was no

Capital Inve

ureau, Gover

, the governmest of the statd $100 per pefrom 42 mil9.1 and 9.2).

19

nton Ced

populous co9.1). Thoug

ot significant

estment Per

rnments Divis

ments of thete (figure 9.3erson. Muchlion to 117 m

997

dar Iowa

ounties, accogh they also mtly higher tha

r Capita, 19

sion. 1997 Ce

e corridor reg3). The gap h of the incremillion. Joh

a Johnso

unted for themade the laran Cedar an

997 and 2002

ensus of Gove

gion investedwas much m

ease came inhnson County

n Jones

e majority (orgest investm

nd Iowa coun

2. (2009 do

ernments, 200

d more per cmore pronoun Linn Couny spent 17 m

2002

Linn

over 80%) oments per capnties in 1997

ollars)

02 Census of

capita than thunced in 200nty constructmillion more

Washington

of pita

7.

f

heir 02, ion, on

n

48

Table 9.1. Public Capital Investment, 1997. (2009 dollars)

County Construction Other Capital

OutlaysTotal Capitial

Investment

Benton 5,675,540 2,212,204 7,887,744

Cedar 4,404,358 4,342,870 8,747,228

Iowa 5,302,606 2,242,948 7,545,554

Johnson 74,142,918 11,421,923 85,564,841

Jones 5,854,655 2,589,147 8,443,802

Linn 56,865,003 41,398,289 98,263,293

Washington 4,929,673 2,348,545 7,278,218

Region Total 157,174,752 66,555,927 223,730,679

State Total 1,054,939,248 449,856,687 1,504,795,935 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governments Division. 1997 Census of Governments.

Table 9.2. Public Capital Investment, 2002. (2009 dollars)

County Construction Other Capital

OutlaysTotal Capitial

Investment Benton 9,562,936 2,853,736 12,416,672

Cedar 5,566,752 2,992,070 8,558,822

Iowa 7,548,745 1,912,826 9,461,571

Johnson 86,464,731 12,172,202 98,636,934

Jones 7,097,967 3,172,142 10,270,109

Linn 139,949,915 28,212,987 168,162,902

Washington 7,094,389 2,424,423 9,518,812

Region Total 263,285,435 53,740,386 317,025,821

State Total 1,519,505,109 422,433,967 1,941,939,076 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governments Division. 2002 Census of Governments.

The size of these increases illustrates just how variable these figures are. Major projects could fall in a Census of Government year or they could fall in between years. These public investments may bring benefits to the region for a long period of time. Large projects are almost always paid for over a long period, while the expenditures are limited to one or two years.

49

Table 9.3. Public Capital Investment Per Capita, 1997 vs. 2002. (2009 dollars) 1997 2002

Benton $311 $490

Cedar $481 $471

Iowa $481 $603

Johnson $771 $888

Jones $417 $508

Linn $512 $878

Washington $352 $460

REGION $556 $787

STATE $517 $667 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governments Division. 1997 Census of Governments, 2002 Census of Governments.

Figure 9.3. Public Capital Investment Per Capita, 1997 and 2002. (2009 dollars)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governments Division. 1997 Census of Governments, 2002 Census of Governments.

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

1997 2002

Pu

blic C

apit

al In

vest

me

nt

Region State

50

10. Crime

Each year the Iowa Department of Public Safety asks law enforcement units across the state for a record of every crime that was reported to them, broken down into standard categories. The reports they release details crimes in each jurisdiction, and aggregated by county. Crime rates are reported as the number of crimes in an agency’s jurisdiction divided by the population served by the agency. County crime rates are the number of crimes reported by all agencies serving the county, divided by the total population served by the agencies reporting.

Not every agency makes a report each year, and while their population is dropped from the denominator, this can still skew county crime rates. For example, the Cedar Rapids Police Department did not file a report in 1998, making Linn County’s crime rate about 40% lower than any subsequent year. In 1999 and 2000, the Washington Police Department did not make a report.

The Corridor has had crime rates below the state average in 9 of the past 10 years, and the 10 year average crime rate is 5,960 crimes per 100,000 residents, compared to 6,304 for the entire state. Linn County had an average of 7,914, and Johnson County 6,096, but the smaller five counties had much smaller rates. Iowa County was the lowest with 1,405. Table 10.1. Total Crimes per 100,000. 1998 – 2008.

Benton Cedar Iowa Johnson Jones Linn Wash‐ington Region State

1998 1,826 3,300 792 7,168 2,034 4,759 2,872 4,758 6,242

1999 1,121 2,530 436 6,657 3,083 8,878 29 6,466 6,032

2000 1,091 2,927 789 6,379 2,472 7,836 14 5,861 6,219

2001 752 3,072 1,035 5,550 2,639 8,500 3,240 6,046 6,374

2002 1,878 2,986 1,291 6,576 2,853 8,555 3,105 6,456 6,766

2003 1,353 2,239 1,344 6,597 2,941 7,874 2,354 6,045 6,460

2004 1,791 2,235 1,659 5,987 2,778 8,057 2,324 6,051 6,423

2005 1,679 1,784 1,957 5,512 2,214 7,548 1,842 5,576 6,425

2006 1,966 2,087 1,896 5,944 2,517 7,680 1,403 5,864 6,570

2007 2,125 809 1,643 6,073 2,259 7,378 2,130 5,761 6,060

2008 1,814 1,728 2,004 5,680 2,482 6,839 1,984 5,475 5,715

Average (1999 ‐ 2008) 1,557 2,240 1,405 6,096 2,624 7,914 1,842 5,960 6,304

Source: Iowa Department of Public Safety, Uniform Crime Reports, 1998 – 2008.

51

Figure 10.1. Crimes per 100,000 persons, 1998 – 2008.


Figure 10.2. Total Crimes per Year per 100,000, 1999 – 2008.


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Cri

me

s p

er

10

0,0

00

Region State

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

Cri

me

s p

er

10

0,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n


52

The region was also below the state average in the rate of crimes against persons (assault, murder, etc.), and crimes against property (theft, fraud, etc.), but was above the average in crimes against society (gambling, narcotics, etc.) (tables 10.2, 10.3, 10.4). Certain crimes, such as possession of alcohol under the legal age, are not counted in reports, or Johnson County may have fared worse.

Figure 10.3. Crimes per 100,000 by Victim, 1999 – 2008.


In 2008 in total crime and in each of the three sub-categories, Linn County had the highest rate, followed by Johnson County, followed at a safe distance by the other five (figures 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7).

1000

4312

648

1154

4541

610

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Cri

me

s p

er

10

0,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n

Against Persons

Region State

Against Property Against Society

53

Table 10.2. Crimes Against Persons per 100,000. 1998 – 2008.


1998 131 521 122 1,036 447 856 516 739 1,097

1999 138 311 45 979 461 1,499 0 1,038 1,104

2000 118 288 125 964 493 1,410 0 989 1,124

2001 44 391 153 816 550 1,482 596 1,004 1,123

2002 295 466 197 930 537 1,406 598 1,024 1,157

2003 256 342 208 962 537 1,321 482 980 1,104

2004 286 303 325 941 594 1,302 435 981 1,169

2005 281 333 249 944 569 1,313 430 977 1,184

2006 335 430 223 1,128 514 1,287 279 1,027 1,217

2007 456 118 167 1,207 423 1,266 299 1,037 1,196

2008 384 347 250 1,119 318 1,092 295 939 1,158

Average (1999 ‐ 2008) 259 333 194 999 500 1,338 341 1,000 1,154


Table 10.3. Crimes Against Property per 100,000. 1998 – 2008.


1998 1,555 2,473 580 5,575 1,533 3,403 2,160 3,624 4,637

1999 881 1,842 366 5,071 2,510 6,653 0 4,880 4,439

2000 867 2,096 588 4,731 1,905 5,767 0 4,330 4,577

2001 645 2,219 760 4,231 2,000 6,163 2,242 4,447 4,675

2002 1,319 1,967 865 5,052 2,158 6,257 2,126 4,769 4,976

2003 883 1,369 984 5,069 1,969 5,837 1,489 4,486 4,720

2004 1,122 1,417 1,202 4,421 1,816 5,877 1,463 4,387 4,596

2005 1,007 1,119 1,230 3,912 1,380 5,430 1,160 3,950 4,566

2006 1,202 1,286 1,177 3,960 1,601 5,578 733 4,101 4,691

2007 1,410 427 1,025 4,099 1,519 5,218 1,371 3,992 4,221

2008 1,241 1,141 1,334 3,725 1,779 4,867 1,132 3,782 3,948

Average (1999 ‐ 2008) 1,058 1,488 953 4,427 1,864 5,765 1,172 4,312 4,541


54

Table 10.4. Crimes Against Society per 100,000. 1998 – 2008.


1998 140 305 90 557 54 500 196 395 508

1999 102 377 26 607 113 726 29 548 489

2000 106 543 75 684 73 659 14 543 518

2001 63 462 121 503 89 855 402 595 576

2002 264 553 229 594 158 892 381 663 633

2003 214 527 151 566 435 715 383 579 636

2004 384 514 131 625 368 878 425 683 659

2005 390 333 478 656 265 806 253 648 675

2006 430 371 496 856 403 815 391 735 662

2007 259 263 451 767 316 894 459 733 642

2008 188 240 420 837 386 880 556 754 609

Average (1999 ‐ 2008) 240 418 258 670 261 812 329 648 610


Figure 10.4. Total crimes per 100,000. 2008.

Source: Iowa Department of Public Safety, 2008 Uniform Crime Report.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Cri

me

s p

er

10

0,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n


55

Figure 10.5. Crimes against Persons per 100,000. 2008.


Figure 10.6. Crimes Against Property per 100,000. 2008.


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Cri

me

s p

er

10

0,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Cri

me

s p

er

10

0,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n


56

Figure 10.7. Crimes Against Society per 100,000. 2008.


0

250

500

750

1,000

Cri

me

s p

er

10

0,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n


57

11. Scho

Swill take the regio

Figure 1

Source: I

S67,395 (tstatewide

ool Enrollm

chool Distrithe school dn (figure 11

1.1. Grant

Iowa Departm

ince the 96/9table 11.1, 1e enrollment

ment

ct boundariedistricts of th.1).

Wood AEA

ment of Educa

97 school ye1.2). This ist has decline

es do not follhe Grant Wo

A and the Co

ation.

ear, enrollmes not dramatd slightly (fi

low those ofood Area Edu

orridor Stu

ent in the Grtic growth ovfigure 11.2).

f the Countieucation Asso

udy Region.

rant Wood Aver 13 years

es. This secociation to b

AEA has rise, but over th

tion and the be the school

en from 61,5his same peri

next ls of

80 to iod,

58

Table 11.1. Total Enrollment by District 96/97 – 02/03. District 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03

Alburnett 616 616 600 635 620 636 641

Anamosa 1,310 1,285 1,270 1,270 1,294 1,251 1,249

Belle Plaine 796 789 793 742 765 718 701

Benton 1,609 1,603 1,642 1,652 1,667 1,650 1,590

Cedar Rapids 17,918 17,890 17,903 17,893 17,696 17,606 17,528

Center Point‐Urbana 999 1,008 1,046 1,086 1,123 1,163 1,183

Central City 525 499 525 509 495 462 475

Clear Creek‐Amana 1,125 1,161 1,162 1,246 1,228 1,249 1,290

College 3,046 3,089 3,248 3,332 3,469 3,491 3,624

Deep River‐Millersburg 122 117 128 131 130 125 126

English Valleys 511 522 547 532 557 528 537

H‐L‐V 489 467 488 452 477 463 458

Highland 581 571 593 600 609 583 593

Iowa City 10,320 10,388 10,399 10,717 10,446 10,531 10,740

Iowa Valley 707 706 695 674 668 671 666

North Cedar 953 967 932 949 954 962 965

Linn‐Mar 4,164 4,310 4,305 4,590 4,664 4,616 4,716

Lisbon 560 561 585 595 601 578 626

Lone Tree 442 450 448 440 467 443 446

Marion Independent 1,706 1,712 1,689 1,725 1,847 1,880 1,929

Midland 761 774 756 760 742 680 657

Mid‐Prairie 1,225 1,242 1,242 1,242 1,201 1,206 1,206

Monticello 1,114 1,096 1,103 1,099 1,100 1,077 1,062

Mount Vernon 1,100 1,127 1,124 1,137 1,154 1,153 1,134

North Linn 696 718 741 766 769 762 737

Olin Consolidated 338 332 317 299 320 269 278

Solon 946 1,039 1,021 1,040 1,044 1,075 1,099

Springville 497 496 475 469 491 451 444

Tipton 933 939 936 913 881 849 829

Vinton‐Shellsburg 1,879 1,894 1,897 1,845 1,841 1,823 1,796

Washington 1,739 1,764 1,699 1,708 1,707 1,729 1,730

West Branch 904 875 837 878 902 882 796

Williamsburg 949 1,002 1,039 1,081 1,075 1,129 1,138

Grant Wood AEA Total 61,580 62,009 62,185 63,007 63,004 62,691 62,989

State Total 500,782 498,900 496,214 494,962 492,022 485,932 482,210

Source: Iowa Department of Education, Iowa Public School District PreK-12 Enrollments by School, Grade, Race and Gender, 2010.

59

Table 11.2. Total Enrollment by District, 02/03 – 09/10. District 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10

Alburnett 631 605 608 627 627 629 613

Anamosa 1,268 1,273 1,308 1,330 1,391 1,363 1,385

Belle Plaine 672 658 636 627 612 613 578

Benton 1,561 1,577 1,614 1,588 1,657 1,682 1,728

Cedar Rapids 17,324 17,307 17,234 17,263 16,838 16,875 17,177

Center Point‐Urbana 1,207 1,232 1,269 1,388 1,473 1,548 1,510

Central City 467 459 454 441 480 453 474

Clear Creek‐Amana 1,320 1,361 1,393 1,419 1,438 1,510 1,572

College 3,697 3,857 3,978 4,083 4,199 4,328 4,729

Deep River‐Millersburg 119 99 121 110 85 57 N/A

English Valleys 525 487 512 509 529 508 566

H‐L‐V 442 450 384 409 374 357 358

Highland 603 655 678 696 738 745 772

Iowa City 10,620 10,637 10,822 11,180 11,615 11,449 11,815

Iowa Valley 656 644 632 639 635 641 618

North Cedar 993 936 922 904 935 923 880

Linn‐Mar 4,902 5,079 5,277 5,639 5,894 6,121 6,346

Lisbon 608 603 567 596 607 631 631

Lone Tree 447 457 465 497 504 506 530

Marion Independent 1,959 1,945 2,024 2,041 2,062 2,048 2,072

Midland 601 560 545 532 509 510 456

Mid‐Prairie 1,224 1,223 1,247 1,228 1,305 1,291 1,315

Monticello 1,058 1,055 1,092 1,073 1,095 1,067 1,057

Mount Vernon 1,184 1,190 1,198 1,225 1,275 1,250 1,236

North Linn 749 726 733 736 778 767 757

Olin Consolidated 290 254 243 229 224 209 199

Solon 1,158 1,179 1,218 1,252 1,244 1,270 1,291

Springville 440 448 456 453 434 408 438

Tipton 826 852 875 903 874 888 869

Vinton‐Shellsburg 1,822 1,828 1,799 1,773 1,755 1,680 1,734

Washington 1,721 1,664 1,781 1,726 1,721 1,766 1,734

West Branch 790 768 769 762 763 772 799

Williamsburg 1,151 1,111 1,152 1,159 1,093 1,126 1,156

Grant Wood AEA Total 63,035 63,179 64,006 65,037 65,763 65,991 67,395

State Total 481,226 478,319 483,482 483,122 485,115 487,559 490,417


60

Figure 11.2. Total Enrollment 96/97 – 09/10, State and Grant Wood AEA.


The modest growth of the Grant Wood AEA as a whole masked some dramatic growth and decline in individual districts. The College Community, Linn-Mar, and Center-Point Urbana districts have all grown by more than 50% since 1996 (table 11.3). Midland and Olin Consolidated have contracted by more than 40%, and Deep River Millersburg had gone from 122 students to 57 by 08/09.

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

Tota

l En

rollm

en

t (S

tate

)

Tota

l En

rollm

en

t (G

ran

t W

oo

d)

Grant Wood AEA

State Total

61

Table 11.3. Change in Total Enrollment by District. 96/97 – 09/10.

District Change 1996 ‐ 2010

College 55.25%

Linn‐Mar 52.40%

Center Point‐Urbana 51.15%

Clear Creek‐Amana 39.73%

Solon 36.47%

Highland 32.87%

Williamsburg 21.81%

Marion Independent 21.45%

Lone Tree 19.91%

Iowa City 14.49%

Lisbon 12.68%

Mount Vernon 12.36%

English Valleys 10.76%

North Linn 8.76%

Benton 7.40%

Mid‐Prairie 7.35%

Anamosa 5.73%

Washington ‐0.29%

Alburnett ‐0.49%

Cedar Rapids ‐4.14%

Monticello ‐5.12%

Tipton ‐6.86%

North Cedar ‐7.66%

Vinton‐Shellsburg ‐7.72%

Central City ‐9.71%

West Branch ‐11.62%

Springville ‐11.87%

Iowa Valley ‐12.59%

H‐L‐V ‐26.79%

Belle Plaine ‐27.39%

Midland ‐40.08%

Olin Consolidated ‐41.12%

Deep River‐Millersburg N/A

Grant Wood AEA Total 9.44%

State Total ‐2.07%

Source: Iowa Department of Education, Iowa Public School District PreK-12 Enrollments by School, Grade, Race and Gender, 2010

62

Table 11.4 shows the changes in enrollment by grade level in the Grant Wood AEA. Figure 11.3 shows the enrollment by grade during the 09/10 school year. While the sight of 5,461 kindergarteners may be alarming, kindergarten enrollment has increased by roughly the same percentage as total enrollment since 96/97. Kindergarten is almost always the largest class, likely because it is the grade most often repeated. Table 11.4. Total Enrollment by Grade Level, Grant Wood AEA, 96/97 – 09/10.

96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10

k 5,089

4,739

4,853

4,591

4,609

4,548

4,584

4,919

5,071

5,207

5,275

5,209

5,368

5,461

1 4,710

4,825

4,683

4,743

4,527

4,529

4,330

4,602

4,626

4,699

4,877

4,926

4,798

5,010

2 4,529

4,683

4,788

4,699

4,687

4,537

4,436

4,435

4,646

4,618

4,764

4,894

4,944

4,855

3 4,364

4,535

4,684

4,823

4,675

4,782

4,391

4,625

4,499

4,638

4,671

4,808

4,931

4,954

4 4,335

4,392

4,542

4,678

4,859

4,813

4,615

4,583

4,682

4,512

4,726

4,663

4,837

5,000

5 4,471

4,323

4,374

4,607

4,730

4,932

4,698

4,808

4,697

4,709

4,545

4,814

4,683

4,853

6 4,547

4,500

4,347

4,436

4,593

4,861

4,668

4,931

4,853

4,703

4,784

4,645

4,789

4,732

7 4,503

4,584

4,518

4,391

4,460

4,812

4,565

5,054

4,995

4,949

4,799

4,866

4,663

4,882

8 4,490

4,591

4,628

4,552

4,433

4,673

4,570

4,976

5,113

5,002

4,960

4,864

4,838

4,708

9 4,766

4,717

4,852

4,928

4,907

4,833

4,808

5,175

5,260

5,376

5,279

5,321

5,106

5,158

10 4,627

4,575

4,598

4,718

4,815

4,894

4,771

4,812

5,043

5,225

5,313

5,271

5,171

5,056

11 4,498

4,505

4,521

4,348

4,547

4,751

4,786

4,681

4,644

5,030

5,100

5,181

5,083

5,030

12 4,097

4,396

4,403

4,433

4,309

4,437

4,611

4,643

4,609

4,701

5,069

5,114

5,029

5,076


63

Figure 11

Source: IoGrade, Ra

.

k

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Gra

de

1.3. 09/10 E

owa Departmace and Gend

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Enrollment b

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rant Wood A

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-12 Enrollmen

4,8

4

4,8

4,8

4,73

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4,70

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5,461

5,010

855

4,954

853

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32

,882

8

5,158

5,056

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5,076

00 6,

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,000

64

12. Graduation Rates

The Iowa Department of Education calculates graduation rates by dividing the number of graduating seniors in a school or district by the number of 9th graders four years earlier. When students transfer during their high school careers, they boost the graduation rates of the schools they transfer to, and deflate the rates of the schools they leave. When students take longer than four years to graduate, they will hurt the graduation rate one year, but inflate it in some later year.

For these and other reasons, comparisons from year to year between schools and districts may be misleading. The graduation rates of districts in the Grant Wood AEA, however, were 2.5 to 4.5 percentage points higher than the statewide average for each graduating class between 1998 and 2007 (table 12.1, figure 12.1).

65

Table 12.1. Graduation Rates by District, 1998 – 2007.

District\School Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Alburnett 100.0 96.2 100.0 97.8 96.0 100.0 100.0 97.5 100.0 100.0

Anamosa 88.2 86.7 90.9 94.3 94.9 95.7 96.9 95.9 96.0 98.1

Belle Plaine 96.4 83.3 84.9 84.5 94.7 96.6 93.6 94.4 96.0 95.3

Benton 87.6 83.9 88.6 93.9 97.8 95.9 98.5 95.4 94.2 98.6

Cedar Rapids 92.3 91.8 88.2 88.4 85.6 89.0 92.4 93.9 87.2 87.1

Center Point‐Urbana 96.4 97.5 95.9 100.0 100.0 97.5 94.3 97.4 99.0 97.5

Central City 92.9 97.6 100.0 91.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 94.4 92.9

Clear Creek Amana 98.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.8 98.7 100.0 92.5 96.6 99.2

College 94.8 96.8 97.0 93.9 95.8 96.2 92.0 93.4 95.6 97.1

English Valleys 89.2 96.3 96.4 89.5 86.8 93.2 97.8 100.0 100.0 94.6

Highland 97.1 94.9 94.7 94.7 97.2 95.0 97.6 95.9 95.4 96.4

H‐L‐V 92.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 97.3 100.0 100.0 96.8 96.2 94.3

Iowa City 91.2 93.9 92.2 93.3 92.4 91.9 91.7 91.2 92.8 91.9

Iowa Valley 98.4 96.6 100.0 98.1 100.0 N/A 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.2

Linn‐Mar 98.1 97.8 98.7 98.9 98.6 97.2 95.8 96.9 98.2 95.5

Lisbon 82.7 86.0 97.6 95.7 89.2 97.9 92.3 97.6 90.4 97.5

Lone Tree 97.4 96.3 93.1 92.3 100.0 94.7 97.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Marion Independent 94.1 96.2 96.3 92.7 95.9 97.8 97.8 95.2 98.6 100.0

Midland 86.7 86.8 84.1 82.6 90.7 92.1 90.3 93.6 97.4 98.1

Mid‐Prairie 97.9 95.2 94.4 98.8 98.7 98.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Monticello 89.2 90.4 94.0 89.1 90.6 94.6 96.9 96.4 95.6 94.6

Mount Vernon 89.0 91.1 92.9 95.4 95.7 96.4 96.7 100.0 97.6 100.0

North Cedar 97.1 93.7 97.3 97.4 91.8 96.3 96.4 100.0 95.0 94.8

North Linn 82.1 91.3 94.7 80.4 96.4 96.6 98.2 94.4 97.8 94.6

Olin Consolidated 93.8 88.6 94.1 77.8 85.0 93.3 92.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Solon 97.7 100.0 98.7 93.4 97.6 100.0 100.0 97.5 97.0 97.9

Springville 94.4 90.9 91.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.7

Tipton 87.2 88.7 93.5 86.4 97.1 97.4 95.2 97.6 98.6 93.2

Vinton‐Shellsburg 88.6 93.6 94.6 97.1 98.4 96.0 97.5 91.7 90.0 88.5

Washington 75.6 81.9 89.2 93.0 83.3 86.5 93.4 92.9 95.6 97.2

West Branch 96.7 94.4 92.2 95.2 87.5 100.0 93.3 98.5 96.4 100.0

Williamsburg 98.6 97.2 98.8 96.2 97.5 98.7 95.6 96.7 100.0 94.8

Grantwood AEA 92.0 92.6 92.5 92.4 92.0 93.3 94.4 94.7 93.4 93.1

State Total 88.1 88.2 88.7 89.2 89.4 90.4 89.8 90.7 90.8 90.5

Source: Iowa Department of Education, School Profiles, 2010, https://www.edinfo.state.ia.us/data/profiles.asp

66

Figure 12.1. Graduation Rates, 1998 – 2007.

Source: Iowa Department of Education, School Profiles, 2010, https://www.edinfo.state.ia.us/data/profiles.asp

The district graduation rates for the class of 2007 show considerable variation with the AEA. Seven districts graduated 100%, and two graduated below 90% (figure 12.2). Figure 12.3 shows the 10 year average graduation rates of each district. There is still considerable variation (89.6% to 99.0%). The Washington, Midland, and Cedar Rapids districts are the only three below 92%, and all are right around the state average. 11 of the AEA’s 33 districts have 10 year graduation rates above 97%.

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Gra

du

atio

n R

ate

Grant Wood AEA State Total

67

Figure 1

Source: Ihttps://ww

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uation Rates

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94.6%

94.8%

94.6%

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96.7%

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97.2

94.8%

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98.1%

98.6%

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99.2%

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98.2%

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100.0%

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100.0%

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68

Figure 1

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Anamo

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uation Rates

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93.1

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97

97.0

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98.7%

7.6%

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98.3%

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7.6%

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98.4%

98.0%

3%

.4%

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69

13. Education

By any measure of educational attainment, the corridor ranks above the U.S. and the State of Iowa (Figure 13.1). Table 13.1 shows the percentage of the population 25 and older that has achieved at least a ninth grade education, a high school diploma, and so forth.

The difference between the corridor and the state is greatest in the percentage of residents with at least some college and with at least an Associate’s degree. This is partly a reflection of the presence of Kirkwood and the University of Iowa, but only to the extent that enrollment is of older “non-traditional” students, since this statistic does not include those under 25.

Table 13.1. Educational Attainment, Percentage Achieving Given Level or Higher.

9th Grade

12th grade

Some College

Associates’ Degree

Bachelor's Degree

Higher Degree

Benton 95.0% 87.8% 44.5% 22.9% 13.9% 3.7%

Cedar 95.3% 87.7% 45.8% 24.0% 16.3% 3.6%

Iowa 93.9% 87.0% 44.9% 23.1% 15.8% 4.3%

Johnson 97.2% 93.7% 73.9% 55.0% 47.6% 21.4%

Jones 94.0% 85.3% 43.0% 20.3% 12.7% 3.3%

Linn 97.2% 90.6% 60.2% 36.9% 27.7% 7.2%

Washington 91.0% 82.5% 43.4% 23.9% 16.4% 4.8%

Region 96.3% 90.1% 59.0% 37.3% 28.9% 9.7%

State 94.4% 86.1% 50.0% 28.6% 21.2% 6.5%

U.S. 92.5% 80.4% 51.8% 30.7% 24.4% 8.9% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census.

In each measure, Johnson County has the highest percentage, followed by Linn County (Figure 13.2). Compared to the U.S., Johnson County has about twice the percentage with at least a Bachelor’s Degree and about twice the percentage with an advanced degree.

The remaining 5 counties are near the state and above the national rate for the percent achieving at least a high school diploma. At higher levels, these five counties are below both Iowa and the U.S. Washington County has the lowest percentage of 9 and 12 grade completion, while Jones County is the lowest at higher levels of attainment.

70

Figure 1

Source: U

Figure 1

Source: U

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

3.1. Educa

U.S. Census B

3.2. Educa

U.S. Census B

9th Grade

9th Grade

tional Attai

Bureau, 2000

tional Attai

Bureau, 2000

12th grade

e 12th grad

inment, Per

Census

inment, Per

Census

e Some Coll

de Some Co

rcentage Ach

rcentage Ach

ege AccociaDegr

Region

ollege AccocDeg

hieving Giv

hieving Giv

ates'ree

BachDe

n Stat

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BacDe

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ven Level or

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te U.S

chelor'segree

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Be

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Iow

Joh

Jon

Lin

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r Higher.

r Higher.

her Degree

S.

her Degree

nton

dar

wa

hnson

nes

n

ashington

71

All counties in the region have shown improvement since 1990, as have the U.S and State of Iowa (table 13.2). Figures for 1990 and 2000 are sampled data from the U.S. Census. The figures for 2006 – 2008 are three year averages based on the American Community Survey (ACS) sample, which does not cover Benton or Cedar County.

Washington and Iowa counties in particular have become significantly better educated over the past 18 years. Their percentages of High School graduates have both caught up with the state average. While still lagging behind the state, the percentage with Bachelor’s degrees in these counties jumped from around 11% to 19% (table 13.3).

Table 13.2. Percent with at least High School Diploma. 1990 2000 2006‐2008

Benton 78.2% 87.8% N/A

Cedar 79.3% 87.7% N/A

Iowa 76.4% 87.0% 90.7%

Johnson 90.6% 93.7% 95.6%

Jones 78.7% 85.3% 89.5%

Linn 84.9% 90.6% 92.9%

Washington 76.9% 82.5% 88.7%

Region 84.3% 90.1% N/A

State 80.1% 86.1% 89.6%

U.S. 75.2% 80.4% 84.5%


72

Figure 1

Source: U

Wmore cursaw educthe corrid

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

% w

ith a

t le

ast

HS

Dip

lom

a3.3. Percen

U.S. Census B

Without estimrrent than thecational gaindor remains

%

%

%

%

%

%

nt with at le

Bureau, 1990

mates for Bene 2000 censu

ns well in linsignificantly

ast a High S

Census, 2000

nton and Ceus. Between

ne with the fiy above aver

1990

School Diplo

0 Census, Am

dar Countiesn 1990 and 2ive largest, arage in educa

2000

oma.

merican Comm

s, we cannot2000, howevand there is eation level.

munity Survey

t make regiover, the two severy reason

2006 ‐ 2008

y.

onal estimatesmallest counn to suspect t

8

es nties that

73

Table 13

Benton

Cedar

Iowa

Johnson

Jones

Linn

Washing

Region

State

U.S. Source: U Figure 1

Source: U

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

% w

ith a

t le

ast

Bac

hlo

r's

3.3. Percent19

n

gton

U.S. Census B

3.4. Percen

U.S. Census B

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

t with at lea90 200

9.6% 1

12.8% 1

11.1% 1

44.0% 4

10.6% 1

21.5% 2

11.7% 1

24.0% 2

16.9% 2

20.3% 2Bureau, 1990

nt with at le

Bureau, 1990

ast Bachelor0 2006

13.9%

16.3%

15.8%

47.6%

12.7%

27.7%

16.4%

28.9%

21.2%

24.4%Census, 2000

ast a Bache

Census, 2000

1990

r’s Degree.‐2008

N/A

N/A

19.1%

51.9%

14.3%

29.0%

18.6%

N/A

24.2%

27.4%0 Census, Am

elor’s Degre

0 Census, Am

2000

merican Comm

ee

merican Comm

munity Survey

munity Survey

2006 ‐ 2008

y.

y.

8