8/13/2019 Ce 152 Hydrology
1/3
CE 152 HYDROLOGY
a. Introductionb. Solar radiationc. Temperatured. Stable and unstable aire. Humidityf. Windg. Precipitationh. Evapotranspirationi. Streamflowj. Flood probabilityk. Subsurface water
Hydrology-study of movement, distribution and quantity of water throughout the earth.
Water covers 70% of the earths surface
Total volume=1.5 km3
o Saltwater=95%o Freshwater=5%
Frozen=4% Liquid-1%
Groundwater=.98 Lakes-.01 Soil=.002 Rivers-.002 Biological-.005
Branches of hydrology
o Chemical hydrologyo Ecohydrologyo Hydrogeologyo Hydroinformaticso Hydrometeorologyo Isotope hydrologyo Surface hydrology
Related fields
o Aquatic chemistryo Civil engineeringo Climatologyo Environmental engineeringo Environmental wngineering scienceso Geomorphologyo Hydrographyo Hydraulic engineeringo Oceanographyo Physical geography
Quantifying groundwater flow and transport
o Aquifer cahracterization Flow direction
Piezometer Conductivity Geophysical methods
Quantifying surface water
o Stream guageo Tracer techniqueso Chemical transporto Sediment transport and erosiono Stream-aquifer exchange
Quantifying hyrologi exchange
o Precipitation Bulk rain
Disdrometer Radar Rain gauge Satellite Sling psychometer
Remote sensing
o Land based sensoro Airborne sensorso Satellite sensors
8/13/2019 Ce 152 Hydrology
2/3
Water quantityo Saple collectiono Insitu methodso Physical measurementso Collection of samples to quantify organic compoundso Collection of samples to quantify inorganic compoundso Analysis of aqueous organic compoundso Analysis of aqueous inorganic compoundso Microbiological sampling and analysis
Integrating measurement and modelling
o Budget analyseso Parameter estimationo Scaling intime and spaceo Data assimilationo Quantity control of data
Applications of hydrology
o Determining the water balance of a regiono Determining the agricultural water balanceo Designing riparian restoration projectso Mitigating and predicting flood, andslide and drought risko Real-time flood forecasting and flood warningo Designing irrigation schemes and managing agricultural productivityo Providing drinking watero Designing bridgeso Designing dams for water supply and hydroelectric power generationo Designing sewers and urban drainage systemo Hydriopowero Water cycleo Water distribution on eartho Wataer managemento Hydrology
Water cycle describes the continuos movement of water on above and below the surface of the earth
Different processes
o Precipitation Forms
Drizzle Rain Snow Sleet Hail stone Dew Fog Mist
Composition of atmosphere
o Gase Nitrogen=78.048 Oxygen 20.946 Ar-.934 Carbon dioxide-.33 Trace gases-.033
o Liquidso solids
structure of the atmosphere
o troposphereo stratosphere
ozonosphereo mesosphereo thermosphere
ionosphere magnetosphere
o exosphereimpact of humanity in the atmosphere
o a change in composition and a change in heat content RESULT DUE TO CONGESTED URBAN CENTERS DUE TO COMBUSTION DUE TO IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL
o Change in the actual gaseous composition of the atmosphere which have serious effect on health
8/13/2019 Ce 152 Hydrology
3/3
Top Related