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CCNA Semester 3
Chapter 07Chap
ter 07
VIRTUAL LANsVIRTUAL LANs
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ObjectivesObjectives
Explain the concept of VLANs.
Configure static VLANs on 29xx seriesCatalyst switchs.
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Table of ContentTable of Content
1 VLAN concepts2 Trunking
3 VLAN configuration
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VLAN CONCEPTSVLAN CONCEPTS
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VLAN introductionVLAN introduction
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Broadcast domains with VLANs and routersBroadcast domains with VLANs and routers
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VLAN typesVLAN types
Port-based VLANs
MAC address based VLANs
Protocol based VLANs
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Port-based VLANsPort-based VLANs
Most common configuration method.
Ports assigned individually.
Often implement when DHCP is used.
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MAC address base VLANsMAC address base VLANs
Rarely implemented today. Each address must be entered into the switch
and configured individually.
Difficult to administer, troubleshoot andmanage.
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Protocol base VLANsProtocol base VLANs
Configured like MAC addresses, but insteaduses a protocol or IP address.
No longer comon because of DHCP.
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Benefits of VLANsBenefits of VLANs
Easily move workstations on the LAN.
Easily add workstations to the LAN.
Easily change the LAN configuration.
Easily control network traffic.
Improve security.
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TRUNKINGTRUNKING
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History of trunkingHistory of trunking
A trunk is a single communications line that
carries multiple channels of signals.
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Trunking conceptTrunking concept
VLAN1
VLAN2
VLAN1
VLAN2
VLAN1
VLAN2
VLAN1
VLAN2
VLAN1
VLAN2
VLAN1 and VLAN2
TRUNK
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VLANs and trunkingVLANs and trunking
ISL
802.1Q
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VLAN Operation on the Trunk
Each logical VLAN is like a separate physical bridge. VLANs can span across multiple switches.
Trunks carry traffic for multiple VLANs.
Trunks use special encapsulation to distinguish between
different VLANs.
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802.1Q Trunking Limitations802.1Q Trunking Limitations
Make sure the native
VLAN for an 802.1Q
trunk is the same onboth ends of the trunk
link.
Make sure your
network is loop-free
before disabling STP.
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Importance of Native VLANsImportance of Native VLANs
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Per-VLAN Spanning TreePer-VLAN Spanning Tree
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Frames TaggingFrames Tagging
ISL
802.1Q
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802.1Q Frame802.1Q Frame
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Performed with ASIC
Not intrusive to client
stations; ISL header notseen by client
Effective between switches,and between routers andswitches
ISL trunks enable VLANs across a backbone.
ISL TaggingISL Tagging
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ISL EncapsulationISL Encapsulation
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VLAN CONFIGURATIONVLAN CONFIGURATION
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VLAN Configuration Guidelines
Maximum number of VLANs is switch-dependent.
Catalyst desktop switches support 64 VLANs witha separate spanning tree per VLAN.
VLAN1 is the factory default Ethernet VLAN.
CDP and VTP advertisements are sent on VLAN1.
The Catalyst switch IP address is in the
management VLAN (VLAN1 by default). To add or delete VLANs, the switch must be in
VTP server or transparent mode.
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End-to-end VLANs and Geographic VLANsEnd-to-end VLANs and Geographic VLANs
End-to-end VLANs:
devices to be grouped based upon resourceusage.
Allow 80/20 rule.
Geographic VLANs:
Devices to be grouped based on geographic.
Allow 20/80 rule.
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Configuring static VLANsConfiguring static VLANs
Create VLANs
Assign ports to VLANs
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wg_sw_1900(config)#vlan vlan# [name vlan-name]
Adding a VLANAdding a VLAN
wg_sw_1900#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Zwg_sw_1900(config)#vlan 9 name switchlab2
Catalyst 1900
Catalyst 2950
wg_sw_2950#vlan database
wg_sw_2950(vlan)#vlan vlan# [name vlan-name]
wg_sw_2950#vlan databasewg_sw_ 2950(vlan)#vlan 9 name switchlab2wg_sw_ 2950(vlan)#exit
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wg_sw_a(config)#vlan vlan# name vlan-name
wg_sw_a#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Zwg_sw_a(config)#vlan 9 name switchlab90
wg_sw_a#show vlan 9
VLAN Name Status Ports------------------------------------------------9 switchlab90 Enabled------------------------------------------------
Modifying a VLAN NameModifying a VLAN Name
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wg_sw_1900(config-if)#vlan-membership {static {vlan#} | dynamic}
Assigning Switch Ports to a VLANAssigning Switch Ports to a VLAN
wg_sw_1900#conf terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Zwg_sw_1900(config)#interface ethernet 0/8wg_sw_1900(config-if)#vlan-membership static 9
Catalyst 1900
Catalyst 2950
wg_sw_2950(config-if)#switchport access vlan vlan#
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Trunking implementationTrunking implementation
Switch# show port capabilities
Switch # configure terminal
Switch(config)# interface f0/1
Switch (config-if)# Switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)# Switchport trunkencapsulation dot1q/isl
Switch# Show trunk
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wg_sw_1900#conf terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Zwg_sw_1900(config)#interface f0/26wg_sw_1900(config-if)#trunk on
First Trunk Port (Port A)
wg_sw_1900(config-if)#trunk [on | off | desirable | auto |nonegotiate]
on = Set trunk on and negotiate with other side
off = Set trunk off and negotiate with other side
desirable = Negotiate with other side;
trunk on if other side is on, desirable, or auto
auto = Will be a trunk only if the other side is on or desirable
nonnegotiate = Set trunk on and will not negotiate
Configuring Trunking on Catalyst 1900Configuring Trunking on Catalyst 1900
Note: The Catalyst 1900 only supports ISL encapsulation.
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wg_sw_1900#show trunk aDISL state: On, Trunking: On, Encapsulation type: ISL
wg_sw_1900#show trunk [A | B]
Verifying a TrunkVerifying a Trunk
Catalyst 1900
Catalyst 2950
wg_sw_2950#show interface interface switchport
wg_sw_2950#show interface fa0/2 switchportName: Fa0/2Switchport: EnabledAdministrative mode: trunkOperational Mode: trunk. . .
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wg_sw_1900#show vlan 9
VLAN Name Status Ports-------------------------------------------------9 switchlab2 Enabled-------------------------------------------------
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp Trans1 Trans2---------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Ethernet 100009 1500 0 1 1 Unkn 0 0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
wg_sw_1900#show vlan [vlan#]
Verifying a VLANVerifying a VLAN
Catalyst 1900
Catalyst 2950
wg_sw_2950#show vlan [idvlan#]
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wg_sw_1900#show vlan-membership
Port VLAN Membership Type Port VLAN Membership Type--------------------------- ------------------------------1 5 Static 13 1 Static2 1 Static 14 1 Static3 1 Static 15 1 Static4 1 Static 16 1 Static5 1 Static 17 1 Static
6 1 Static 18 1 Static7 1 Static 19 1 Static8 9 Static 20 1 Static
Note: port 1=e0/1, port 2=e0/2 .....
wg_sw_1900#show vlan-membership
Verifying VLAN Membership on a Catalyst 1900Verifying VLAN Membership on a Catalyst 1900
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wg_sw_2950#show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports---- ------------------------ --------- -----------------------1 default active Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7,
Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11,Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15,Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19,Fa0/20, Fa0/21
5 VLAN5 active Fa0/39 VLAN9 active Fa0/22, Fa0/231002 fddi-default active1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active1005 trnet-default active
wg_sw_2950#show vlan brief
Verifying VLAN Membership on a Catalyst 2950Verifying VLAN Membership on a Catalyst 2950
wg_sw_2950#show interfaces interface switchport
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wg_sw_1900#show spantree 1
VLAN1 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree ProtocolBridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 0050.F037.DA00Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15Current root has priority 0, address 00D0.588F.B600
Root port is FastEthernet 0/26, cost of root path is 10Topology change flag not set, detected flag not setTopology changes 53, last topology change occurred 0d00h17m14s agoTimes: hold 1, topology change 8960
hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15Timers: hello 2, topology change 35, notification 2
Port Ethernet 0/1 of VLAN1 is ForwardingPort path cost 100, Port priority 128Designated root has priority 0, address 00D0.588F.B600Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0050.F037.DA00Designated port is Ethernet 0/1, path cost 10Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1
wg_sw_1900#show spantree [vlan#
]
Verifying STP for a VLANVerifying STP for a VLAN
Catalyst 1900
Catalyst 2950 wg_sw_2950#show spanning-tree vlan [vlan#]
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SummarySummary
Definition of VLANs
Trunking
Configuring static VLANs on Catalyst switches
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Q&AQ&A
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