Case Study: Yakutat Energy Efficiency Upgrade
2013 Village Energy Efficiency Program (VEEP)
Buildings Selected
Elementary School High School
Courthouse
City Offices
Unique Aspects • 2 schools, wood shop, PSO
building, power plant and adjacent residence all use recovered heat (RH) from power plant
• 20-30 year old heat recovery system
• No heat plant backup in schools, wood shop or PSO building
• Insufficient heat for coldest days
• High School at end of RH loop
• Severe design deficiencies – No isolation heat exchangers in
PSO (forced air and sub-floor) or wood shop (AHU and fintube)
– Reversed piping to PSO
• 2 decades of deferred maintenance in schools
Existing Conditions
Deferred Maintenance
High School • was pneumatic; now no
controls, no pneumatics • 1 AHU running backwards • OSA dampers locked closed • Relief dampers non-
functional • Local ball valves used to
control zone temperatures • On/off to control ventilation
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
9:25
AM
12:0
5 PM
2:45
PM
5:25
PM
8:05
PM
10:4
5 PM
1:25
AM
4:05
AM
6:45
AM
9:25
AM
12:0
5 PM
2:45
PM
5:25
PM
8:05
PM
10:4
5 PM
1:25
AM
4:05
AM
6:45
AM
9:25
AM
12:0
5 PM
2:45
PM
5:25
PM
8:05
PM
10:4
5 PM
1:25
AM
4:05
AM
6:45
AM
9:25
AM
12:0
5 PM
2:45
PM
5:25
PM
8:05
PM
10:4
5 PM
1:25
AM
4:05
AM
6:45
AM
9:25
AM
12:0
5 PM
degr
ees F
PPM
CO
2
Administrative Office; Thursday through Monday PPM CO2 Degrees F
High School CO2 & Temperatures
High School CO2 & Temperatures
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
3:45
PM
5:35
PM
7:25
PM
9:15
PM
11:0
5 PM
12:5
5 AM
2:45
AM
4:35
AM
6:25
AM
8:15
AM
10:0
5 AM
11:5
5 AM
1:45
PM
3:35
PM
5:25
PM
7:15
PM
9:05
PM
10:5
5 PM
12:4
5 AM
2:35
AM
4:25
AM
6:15
AM
8:05
AM
9:55
AM
11:4
5 AM
1:35
PM
3:25
PM
5:15
PM
7:05
PM
8:55
PM
10:4
5 PM
12:3
5 AM
2:25
AM
4:15
AM
6:05
AM
7:55
AM
degr
ees F
PPM
CO
2
Sewing/Home Economics Classroom (High School); Tuesday through Friday PPM CO2 Degrees F
Deferred Maintenance
Elementary School • Pneumatic, no controls, severe
overheating • Logged 8 hrs/day pneumatic
compressor • All AHU’s running backwards
(phase problem) • Kitchen MAU disabled • DHW running into cold water,
back-feeding lav’s & WC’s
Elementary School CO2 & Temperatures
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2:05
PM
3:25
PM
4:45
PM
6:05
PM
7:25
PM
8:45
PM
10:0
5 PM
11:2
5 PM
12:4
5 AM
2:05
AM
3:25
AM
4:45
AM
6:05
AM
7:25
AM
8:45
AM
10:0
5 AM
11:2
5 AM
12:4
5 PM
2:05
PM
3:25
PM
4:45
PM
6:05
PM
7:25
PM
8:45
PM
10:0
5 PM
11:2
5 PM
12:4
5 AM
2:05
AM
3:25
AM
4:45
AM
6:05
AM
7:25
AM
8:45
AM
10:0
5 AM
11:2
5 AM
degr
ees F
PPM
CO
2
Tribal Conference Room (Elem. School Second floor); Wednesday through Friday
PPM CO2 Degrees F
Deferred Maintenance
Natatorium • 100% OSA de-humidification • 2500 cfm EF removed • Positive static pressure • 89.5°F water temp, 88.5°F
air temp, 65% RH • corrosion
Deferred Maintenance
Natatorium CO2 & Temperatures
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1:15
PM
2:45
PM
4:15
PM
5:45
PM
7:15
PM
8:45
PM
10:1
5 PM
11:4
5 PM
1:15
AM
2:45
AM
4:15
AM
5:45
AM
7:15
AM
8:45
AM
10:1
5 AM
11:4
5 AM
1:15
PM
2:45
PM
4:15
PM
5:45
PM
7:15
PM
8:45
PM
10:1
5 PM
11:4
5 PM
1:15
AM
2:45
AM
4:15
AM
5:45
AM
7:15
AM
8:45
AM
10:1
5 AM
11:4
5 AM
1:15
PM
degr
ees F
and
% R
elat
ive
Hum
idity
PPM
CO
2
Pool; Monday through Wednesday PPM CO2 Degrees F RH (%)
Proposed Conditions
High School • Demo remaining pneumatics • Simple Electronic Controls on 6 AHU’s
– Prestige IAQ Controller – JADE Economizer Control – Honeywell T755 Analog Output Controller
• Combination of Wi-Fi & standard tstats • New electronic actuators • 3-way valves to 2-way • VFD circulation pumps • CO2 based demand controlled ventilation • Re-pipe boiler room, remove boiler
High School
High School • Correct improper hydronic piping • Install BTU Monitor • Fix hydronic leaks • Replace defective coils & fintube • Install freezstats and smoke detectors • Replace missing locker room EF’s, add Occupancy sensors • Replace expansion tank • Replace hot water generator • Replace cabinet unit heater
Elementary School • Demo pneumatics • Simple Electronic Controls on 3 AHU’s (Natatorium
AHU eliminated from program), same as High School • 14 zone Wi-Fi tstats; add Wi-Fi coverage • 14 new zone valves • New electronic actuators • 3-way valves to 2-way • VFD circulation pumps • CO2 based demand controlled ventilation
Elementary School
Elementary School • Occupancy sensors on all EF’s • Install freezstats and smoke detectors • Repair unit ventilator, replace fintube • Replace oil fired HWH with HWG • Install BTU meter • Remove boiler & piping • Repair hydronic leaks • Replace pool circulation pump with premium
efficiency • Replace expansion tank
Wood Shop • Install isolation heat exchanger • Replace fintube, add control valves, circulation pumps
& controls • Install BTU meter • Setback tstats
• Install isolation heat exchanger & hydraulic separator • Add mixing valve for slab heat & controls • Install BTU meter • Setback tstats
PSO Building
Heat Recovery Loop • Consolidate circulation pumps • Procure back-up main circulation pump • Correct reversed piping to PSO building
• Setback, Wi-Fi tstats • Upgrade lighting to LED • Replace missing bathroom EF’s • Add occupancy sensors on bathroom EF’s
Courthouse & City Offices
Project Development & Management
Project Development Au
g
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Gra
nt S
ubm
ittal
Gra
nt A
war
ds
Ener
gy A
udits
Stak
ehol
der M
eetin
gs
Cont
ract
or W
alk-
thro
ughs
CBY
Asse
mbl
y Ap
prov
al
2013 2014 2015
Cons
truc
tion
Cons
truc
tion
com
plet
ed
12 months in development phase: – Energy Audits – Stakeholder meetings, prioritization of EEM’s – 5% design, contractor walk-through & quotes, asbestos
inspection – Stakeholder meetings, round 2 – Council Approval & contracts
Project Management Au
g
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Gra
nt S
ubm
ittal
Gra
nt A
war
ds
Ener
gy A
udits
Stak
ehol
der M
eetin
gs
Cont
ract
or W
alk-
thro
ughs
CBY
Asse
mbl
y Ap
prov
al
2013 2014 2015
Cons
truc
tion
Cons
truc
tion
com
plet
ed
7 months in construction phase: – Construction – Inspections, (informal) commissioning – Completed at 99% of budget – Completed on schedule
Funding
VEEP Program • $300,000 VEEP Grant • $311,540 Tongass Economic
Relief Funds (TERF)
Total EE upgrades $778,540
Self Managed • $167,000 lighting upgrade
(TERF funds): – All LED in both schools
including fixture by fixture occupancy sensors in high bay gym & multi-purpose
– Electrical contractor performed data logging and energy savings calculations
– Completed December 2013
Use of Funds
High School,
63%
Elementary School, 32%
Courthouse, 3%
City Hall, 2%
Distribution of costs for $611,540 funds by building
Energy audits,
project & construction mgmt
13%
Engineering 9%
Construction 78%
Distribution of costs by type
Projected Costs, Savings and Payback
Building(s) Implementation
Cost Savings Payback (years)
High School, Wood Shop, PPSO building & Waste Heat loop $386,804 $57,177 6.8
Elementary School $194,107 $68,126 2.8
Courthouse $20,261 $2,687 7.5
City Office $10,368 $3,081 3.4
TOTALS $611,540 $131,071 4.7
$5.26/gallon @ 80% thermal efficiency equivalency for cost of recovered heat $ .4583/kWh, no PCE for schools Natatorium upgrades eliminated due to budget limitations
Actual Savings through July 2015
• No heating penalty for lighting upgrade • No actuals yet for Courthouse & City Office
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
Schools Lighting, Elec Schools HVAC, Elec & Oil Courthouse & City Offices,Elec & Oil
Annual Cash Savings - Projected vs Actual
Projected
Actual
Open Issues
• 160°F heat loop supply glycol at power plant down to 146°F at High School
• Insufficient recovered heat to maintain High School supply air temperatures when Temp < 25°F
• No backup heat sources • Aging heat recovery infrastructure • Declining school enrollment & budget
Conclusions • This 4-5 year payback is typical • In rural villages, energy efficiency upgrades are likely to be 80%
maintenance and 20% energy efficiency • Deferred maintenance programs can be “packaged” with energy
efficiency upgrades and financed via savings
• Use experienced, bush-proven contractor resources • Use a general contractor who is using his own proven subs
• Keep the energy auditor involved for design integrity, perform M & V • Keep solutions simple & appropriate • Get stakeholders involved early and often, keep them informed,
respond to local input
Focused exclusively on energy reduction
Jim Fowler, PE
[email protected] 907-269-4350
Commercial Municipal and Industrial Energy Audits Retro-Commissioning
Energy Studies
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