Cascading Payment Content Exchange Cascading Payment Content Exchange (CasPaCE) Framework for P2P (CasPaCE) Framework for P2P NetworksNetworks
Gurleen AroraSupervisors: Dr. M. Hanneghan & Prof. M. Merabti
Networked Appliances LaboratorySchool of Computing and Mathematical SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.Email: {G.Arora, M.B. Hanneghan, M.Merabti}@livjm.ac.uk
Annual Researcher’s Conference, March 2004
Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
• Motivation• Issues• Findings & Solution• Thesis Outline• Conclusion• Questions
Peer
Peer
Peer
Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Motivation: Commercial Digital Content DistributionDistribution
Peer
Peer
Peer
Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Motivation: Commercial Digital Content DistributionDistribution
Peer
Peer
Peer
Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Motivation: Commercial Digital Content DistributionDistribution
IssuesIssues
• Free-riding– Fragmentation
• Makes network inefficient
• Copyright Infringement• Participation Incentives• Trust between participants • Atomicity in transactions• Fair exchange
FindingsFindings
• Cascading Payments Model (CPM)– the process whereby payment flows towards the content
owner through intermediary peers in a P2P network
D
1. Content X 3. Content X 6. Content X
4. Payment 2 7. Payment 3
8. Fraction(Payment 3)
5. Fraction(Payment 2)
2. Payment 1
CBA
Content Owner
Author (A) always receives a major chunk of the payment as he holds the intellectual rights to the content. Other peers receive commissions for their participation in the economic chain, or as intermediaries/brokers like in the real world.
FindingsFindings
A C
BGF
E
D
H
I
J Peer
01
02
All peers (A-J) have equal functional capabilities i.e. they can act as normal peers as well as bank peers, barring in cases where the physical capabilities of the peer does not allow it. An Overlay Network of Peers O1 acts as a Bank for the whole system.This provides a trust mechanism for the Cascading Payment Scheme. Peers that get chosen to act as banks need to be selected randomly to deter malicious behaviour
• Overlay Network of Bank Peers
CasPaCE Services FrameworkCasPaCE Services Framework
User Applications
KEY
PS - Payment Service CES - Content Exchange ServiceBS - Bank Service P2PI - P2P InterfaceSS - Security Service CDB - Content DatabaseLS - Lookup Service TDB - Transaction DatabaseDiscS - Discovery Service RT/Cache - Routing Table/ CacheAdvS - Advertisement Service
Peer Devices
P2P Services
RT/Cache RT/Cache
DiscS LSAdvS
TDB
CES
CDB
PS BS SSP2PI
CasPaCE ServicesCasPaCE Services
• Payment Service Components– Payment Separator– Payment Distributor – Payment Verifier – Payment Manager
• Bank Service Components – Record Replicator – Transaction Manager– Overlay Manager
• Security Service Components – Encryption– Identification
• Content Exchange Service– Content Store Manager– Content Exchange Manager
Service UsageService Usage
ServicesPaymentBankDeliveryLookup
ServicesDeliveryLookup
ServicesPaymentDeliveryLookup
Transaction Details
Transaction Details
Content
Payment
Thin Peer
Thin Peer
Bank Peer
Thesis OutlineThesis Outline
• Abstract• 1. Introduction
– 1.1 The Motivation– 1.2 Scope, Aims and Objectives of this project– 1.3 Novel Aspects of This work– 1.4 Summary– 1.5 Thesis Structure
• 2. Background and Related Work– 2.1 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) – past and present– 2.2 P2P Application Areas
• Content Sharing• Collaborative computing and communications• Presence management• Instant Messaging• Distributed Computing (resource sharing) – Hardware resource
sharing• Multimedia Streaming• P2P frameworks and initiatives (JXTA and .NET)
Thesis OutlineThesis Outline
– 2.3 Overlay Networks– 2.4 Copyright Infringement & DRM
• Definition of digital content
– 2.5 Payment Methodologies• Macro and Micro Payments
• Electronic Cash
• Licensing schemes
• Current payment methodologies in P2P
– 2.6 Web Services• Extensible Markup Language (XML)
– 2.7 Security and Trust– 2.8 Summary
Thesis OutlineThesis Outline
• 3. The CasPaCE Framework & its components– 3.1 The Framework requirements– 3.1 The Cascading Payments Model (CPM)– 3.2 The Overlay Network of Bank Peers– 3.3 The CasPaCE Framework– 3.4 CasPaCE Services and Service Usage – 3.5 Summary
• 4. Framework Design – 4.1 CPM design– 4.2 CasPaCE Services and Protocols– 4.3 Summary
• 5. System Implementation– 5.1 CPM implementation– 5.2 Bank Peer Overlay network implementation– 5.3 CasPaCE Service Interaction– 5.4 Summary
Thesis OutlineThesis Outline
• 6. System evaluation and case studies– 6.1 Case Study A: E-learning content exchange
(ElConE)– 6.2 Case Study B: Paid Service utilisation– 6.3 System Evaluation– 6.4 Summary
• 7. Conclusions and further work– 7.1 Thesis Summary– 7.2 Framework Enhancement– 7.3 Concluding remarks
• References• Appendices
ConclusionsConclusions
• P2P networks are here to stay and P2P is a viable model for content distribution.
• P2P networks are flawed with free-riding and copyright violation which inhibits the efficient working of the P2P network.
• To overcome these flaws, participation incentives are required which also discourage copyright infringement.
• Cascading Payments is a solution to benefit all participants and to overcome these flaws.
ConclusionsConclusions
• Monetary transactions have to be trusted and atomic so neither participant may deny the successful completion of a transaction.
• The CasPaCE Services Framework enables the implementation of the CPM and ensures the atomicity of transactions.
• This Framework can be used in different scenarios, such as– Distribution of e-learning material within an
educational institution.– To pay for content and resource usage in a
Networked Appliance scenario.
PublicationsPublications
• G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "CasPaCE: A framework for cascading payments in peer-to-peer digital content exchange," In Proceedings of the 4th Annual PostGraduate Networking Conference (PGNet 2003), Liverpool, UK, 2003, pp. 110 -116.
• G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "P2P Commercial Digital Content Exchange," Submitted to Elsevier's Journal on Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2003.
• G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "Payment Separation and Distribution for Cascading Payments in P2P Networks," Submitted to Globecom 2004, Dallas, USA, 2004.