Amali Proses Sains Tingkatan 2© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd 1 Chapter 1 The World Through Our Senses
The sensory organs
Layer of dead skin
Sebaceous gland
Sweat glandFatty layer
Dermis
Epidermis
Receptors:
Pain receptors
Cold receptors
Heat receptors
Touch receptors
Pressure receptors
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Hair
SKIN - the sense of touch
Amali Proses Sains Tingkatan 2© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd 2
NOSE - the sense of smell TONGUE - the sense of taste
Chapter 1 The World Through Our Senses
Nasal bone
Sensory cells
Taste pore
Supporting cell
Receptor cellTaste budNerve
Nasal cavity
The surface of the tongue
Amali Proses Sains Tingkatan 2© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd 3
Semicircular canal
Auditory nerve
Cochlea
Ossicles Eardrum
Ciliary muscle
Eye muscle Blind spot
Optic nerve
Retina
Choroid
Sclera
Iris
Cornea
Pupil
Conjunctiva
Ear pinna
Ear canal
Oval window
Aqueous humour Vitreous humour
Yellow spot (fovea)
Suspensory ligaments
Lens
Chapter 1 The World Through Our Senses
EAR - the sense of hearing
EYE - the sense of sight
Amali Proses Sains Tingkatan 2© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd 4 Chapter 2 Nutrition
Classes of foodWATER Maintains the balance offluidsinsideand outside of our cells
FATS Give us slow releasing energy Too much fat can lead to obesity and heart diseases
FIBRE Not absorbed into the body but helps in digestion and defecation
VITAMINS AND MINERALS Provide protection against illness and keep the body healthy
PROTEINS Help in growth and repair of cells or tissues, including teeth and nails
CARBOHYDRATES Give us energy
Amali Proses Sains Tingkatan 2© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd 5
The human digestive system
Chapter 2 Nutrition
Wall of small intestine
Blood capillaries
Musclecontracts
Musclecontracts
Musclerelaxes
Musclerelaxes
Bolus
Bolus
Thin wallof villus
Villus
The internal surface of the small intestine has numerous villi
Peristalsis
Oesophagus
Liver
Duodenum
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Mouth
Stomach
Pancreas
Anus
Amali Proses Sains Tingkatan 2© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd 6
A food web
Bacteria and fungi are decomposers.They break down dead plants andanimals into nutrients.
Tertiary consumer
Snake
Secondary consumer
Primary consumer
Producer
Secondary consumer
Frog
Harlequin bug
Cabbages
Chicken
Caterpillar
Eagle
Quaternary consumer
Primary consumer
Chapter 4 Interdependence among Living Organisms and The Environment
Amali Proses Sains Tingkatan 2© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd 7 Chapter 5 Water and Solution
Water treatment processRaw water pump
Raw
wat
er p
ipel
ine
Screening tank
River
Aerator
CoagulationFilter tank
-Chlorine-Fluoride-Slaked lime
Post chemicals
Clear water tank
Treated water pump
To consumer
Houses
Supply reservoirSedimentation
tank
Dam
Alum dosing
To sludge lagoon
Amali Proses Sains Tingkatan 2© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn Bhd 8
Levers
A lever is a simple machine which turnsaboutafixedpoint.Thepoint is called a fulcrum. The effort is applied to move the load.
Second class lever Third class lever
First class leverThe fulcrum is between the effort and the load
The load is between the fulcrum and the effort The effort is between the fulcrum and the load
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E
F
FL
E E
F
Load
Load
Fulcrum
Fulcrum
Effort
Effort
L
Effort
FulcrumFulcrum
Chapter 10 Simple Machines
Load
Load
Fulcrum
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