Download - Cambodian Rice Export Promotion in WTO Post-Accession (Khmer Version)

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tarag TI4 ³ épÞdIdaMduH Tinñpl nigplitkm μRsUv BIqñaM1993 dl; 2004 sarub

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RbPB ³ esovePAsßitiRbcaMqñaM 2005-TMB½r 223

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RbPB ³ FAO sUcnkrGPivDÆn_BiPBelak

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- - 80>343 9>641 -

56>776 16>604 - 94>339 -

56>776 16>604 80>343 103>980 -

14/19 4/15 20/09 26/00 -

16 ° 5 ° 22 ° 29 ° 0 °

karRcUtkat; karsMgYt karkinGgár karR)ak; cMNaysarub ° énFnFanbBa©Úl

32>137 13>390 3>320 - 138>832 39 °

- - 45>600 8>227 221>546 61 °

32>137 13>390 48>920 8>227 36>037 -

8/03 3/35 12/23 2/06 90/09 -

9 ° 4 ° 14 ° 2 ° 100 ° -

RbPB ³ Global Development Solutions, LLC.

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viFankarN_minEmnBn§Ky

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RbPB ³ WT/ACC/KHM/21

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rnaMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢km μ (TBT) ³ RbB½n§sþg;danIykmμrbs;km<úCa KWkMBugsßitenAkñúgdMNak; kardMbUgénkarGPivDÆn_. RbB½n§bc©úb,nñ KWPaKeRcInedaysμ ½RKcitþ k¾b:uEnþsþg;daEdlCabTbBa¢ak¾RtUv)an GnuvtþsMrab;plitplCaeRcInEdr kalNaRtUvyl;facaM)ac;sMrab;karBarsnþisuxCati sMrab;raraMgkar GnuvtþEkøgbnøM rWk¾sMrab;karBarCivitmnusS stV nigrukçCati rWk¾suxPaB. km<úCa )anpþl;sc©ab½nnUvkic© RBmeRBogKMragkargarGas‘ansþIBIkarsMruHsMrYlTTYlsÁal;KñaeTAvijeTAmk. plitplnaMcUlTaMgGs; KWRtUvCakm μvtßúsMrab;dMeNIrkarGFikarkic© dUcKñaeTAnwgplitplEdlplitkñúgRsukEdr nigkm<úCanwgBRgIk kic©RBmeRBogkarvaytMélPaBRtUvr:UvKñaNamYy CaBiessGVIEdl)anyl;eXIjCamun eRkamkic©RBmeRBog Gas‘an eTAsmaCikTaMgGs;énGgÁkarBaNiC¢km μBiPBelak. GnuRkitsþIBIsþg;da]sSahkm μelx 42¼GnRk¼bk cuHéf¶TI 15 ]sPa 2001 nigGnuRkitsþIBIkarvas;Evg EdlRtUv)anTTYlykkñúgqñaM 2003 )anpþl;nUvtYnaTI nignitiviFICamUldæansMrab;karTTYlyknUvsþg;dafμ I² bTbBaØatibec©keTs nignitiviFIvay tMélPaBRtUvr:UvKñaTaMgenaH.

viFankarN_Gnam½y nigPUtþKamGnam½y ¬SPS¦ ³ km<úCa nwgGnuvtþy:ageBjeljnUvkic©RBm eRBogGgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak sþIBIkarGnuvtþénviFankarN_Gnam½y nigPUtþKamGnam½y mineGay yWtCagéf¶TI 1 mkra 2008 eLIy. enAkñúgkMlugeBlenH viFankarN_manRsab; Edlerobryeday c,ab;mYycMnYnenaH nwgRtUvGnuvtþenAeRkammUldæanminerIseGIgTaMgGs;Edl)anpþl;cMeBaHRbRBwtþkm μCati nigRbRBwtþkmμ MFN sMrab;karnaMcUlnana. karpþl;BIrdæaPi)al ¬Government Procurement¦ ³ karpþl;edayrdæaPi)al RtUv)anGnuvtþ tamryHGacCa ¬i¦ karRbkYtRbECgedjéføCaGnþrCati ¬ICB¦ ¬ii¦ karRbkYtRbECgedjéføCa lkçN³Cati ¬DCB¦ ¬iii¦ karTijGIv:an;CaGnþrCati ¬IS¦ ¬iv¦ karTTUcsMuCalkçN³Cati ¬DC¦ rWk¾ ¬v¦ karTijedaypÞal; rWk¾kic©snüaedaypÞal; ¬Dcon¦. kic©nüaCa ICB nig DCB RtUv)aneXasna

pSayCalkçN³saFarN³ nigebIkcMhrsMrab;GñkedjéføEdlcab;GarmμN_TaMgGs; nigviFIsaRsþbIcug eRkayBMuTamTareGayebIkcMhrCakarRbkYtRbECgsaFarN³eLIy k¾b:uEnþkarcUlrYmBIGñkedjéføbreTs k¾BMuRtUv)anhamXat;eLIy. rhUtmkdl;eBl\LÚvenH km<úCaBMuTan;taMgcitþcUlrYmkic©RBmeRBogBhuPaKI EdlmanlkçN³minbgçM ¬plurilateral agreement¦ sþIBIkarpþl;BIrdæaPi)alenaHenAeLIyeT.

kar]btßmÖFnnaMecjénplitplRsUv km<úCa BMumanRbePTNamYyénkar]btßmÖFnsMrab;karnaMecjplitplksikm μrbs;xøÜneLIy edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgplitplRsUvpgEdr eTaHbIenAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogksikm μ RbeTsGPivDÆn_tictYc d¾éTepSgeTot BuMRtUv)anTamTareGayTTYlyk nUvkarsnüadUcenHenaHeLIy. eyageTAtam eTsrdæm®nþI cm RbsiT§ rdæaPi)al RtUv)ansnüasMrab;briyakasBaNiC¢kmμesrImYyd¾BitR)akd ³ : eyIg KWCaRbeTs karN_niym ¬Pragmatic Country¦. km<úCa BMuGacmanRKb;RKan;nUvkar]btßmÖFn ksikmμEdlBMuEmnCa GVIEdll¥ sMrab;karRbkYtRbECgTaMgLayEdlmanryHeBlyUreLIy. rdæaPi)al BuMeCOfakar]btßmÖFn KWCayuT§sa®sþd¾l¥ edIm,IkarGPivDÆn_Edlmannirnþr_PaBénvis½y ksikm μenaHeLIy TnÞwmnwgeBlninñakar GnþrCatiRbkaseGaylb;bM)at;ecalénkar]btßmÖFnenaH :. rdæaPi)al BuM)anBRgIknUv\NTannaMecjTaMg Lay karFanar:ab;rgkarnaMecj rWk¾km μviFIFanar:ab;rgepSg²eTotsMrab; plitplRsUv nigplitplksikmμ d¾éTeToteLIy.

eTaHbIkm<úCa BMumanpþl;eGay nUvRbePTénkar]btßmÖFnnaMecjedaypÞal;NamYyk¾eday k¾b;uEnþ RbeTsenH )aneRbIR)as;karelIkTwkcitþCaBn§GnueRKaH edIm,ITak;TajkarvinieyaKTaMgLayEdl nwgnaMecj 80° énplitplEdl)anplitrbs;xøÜn eTAkan;TIpSarGnþrCati. c,ab;qñaM 1994 sþIBIkar vinieyaKEdl)aneFVIviesaFnkmμ enAkñúgqñaM 2003 )anpþl;karelIkTwkcitþ nigpþl;buBVsiT§i edayrab; bBa©ÚlkarelIkElgTaMgGs; rWk¾CaEpñkénBn§Ky nigBn§d¾éTeTotsMrab;KMeragvinieyaKTaMgLayNa EdlmanKuNsm,tþiRKb;RKan; ¬QIP¦ eyageTAtamKMeragvinieyaKTaMgGs;Edl)anTTYlviBaØabnb½Rt cuHbBa¢IcugbBa©b;Edlpþl;edayRkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCa ¬CDC¦. c,ab;vinieyaK pþl;nUvkarelIkElg Bn§naMcUlsMrab;sMParHsMNg; brikçaplitkmμ nigFnFanbBa©Úlplitkmμd¾éTeTot EdleRbIR)as;eday karnaMecj QIPs nig QIPs kñúgRsuk. karKaMRT QIPs k¾RtUv)anpþl;siT§isMrab;karelIkElgpgEdr. k¾b:uEnþ QIPs RtUvTamTareGaybg;Bn§Ky nigBn§d¾éTeToteTAelIFnFanbBa©Úlplitkm μTaMgGs; sMrab;

cMnYnEdlBMuRtUv)anpÁt;pÁg;eTAeGay]sSahkmμnaMecj rWk¾RtUvnaMecjedaypÞal;eRkayBIkarRtYtBinitü eLIgvij.

karKaMRTkñúgRsukénplitplRsUvkm<úCa Cavis½yesdækic©KnøwHmYy ksikm μmantYnaTIy:agsMxan;mYyenAkñúgkarGPivDÆn_ nigesßrPaB esdækic©énesdækic©TaMgmUl. karKaMRTkñúgRsuksMrab;vis½yksikmμ KWsMxan;sMrab;bBaðaTaMgBIr dUcCakar karBarCIvPaB rs;enArbs;ksikr nigkareFVIeGayekIneLIgnUvPaBRbkYtRbECgénvis½yksikm μenAkñúg TIpSarGnþrCati. CamYysmaCikPaBkm<úCakñúg WTO karKaMRTkñúgRsuksMrab;ksikmμ nwgRtUvmankar RtUvr:UvKñaCamYynwg kic©RBmeRBogsþIBIksikmμ ¬AOA¦rbs; WTO. viFankarN_KaMRTkñúgRsukepSg² sMrab;vis½yksikmμrbs; km<úCaEdlKWGacGnuBaØatienAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogksikmμ ¬AOA¦ RtUv)an bgðajenAxageRkamenH.

- neya)ayRbGb;ébtg ¬Green Box¦ RKbdNþb;km μviFIesv:akmμrdæaPi)alCaeRcInrab; bBa©ÚlTaMgesv:akmμTUeTAEdlpþl;edayrdæaPi)al km μviFIGñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unsaFarN³ sMrab;eKalbMNg snþisuxes,óg nigCMnYyes,ógGaharkñúgRbeTs. RbGb;ébtg k¾)anpþl;pgEdrsMrab;kareRbIR)as;én karRbKl;R)ak;edaypÞal;eTAplitkr EdlKWCaviFankarN_KaMRTR)ak;cMNUlEdlmanlkçN³pþac;kar Tak;Tg karFanar:ab;rgR)ak;cMNUl nigkmμviFIsMNaj;esßrPaBnanaCaeRcIneTot dUcCaCMnYysMrab; eRKaHmhnþray Fm μCati RbePTénkm μviFICMnYyerobcMehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigkarpþl;R)ak;EdlR)akdRbCa eRkamkmμviFIbrisßan nigeRkamkmμviFICMnYyCalkçN³tMbn;CaeRcIneTot. km<úCa nwgRtUvGnuBaØati eGaypþl;kar]btßmÖFnRbGb; ébtgenHy:ageRcIntamEtkm<úCaGaceFVIeTA)an. cMeBaHneya)ayRbGb;ébtg viTüasßanRsavRCav nigGPivDÆn_ksikmμkm<úCa ¬CARDI¦ Edl RtUv)anbegáItedayraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RtUv)ankMBugedIrtYnaTId¾sMxan;kñúgeBlbc©úb,nñ sMrab;karRsavRCav ksikm μsMrab;RbeTskm<úCa ehIyk¾RtUv)ankMBugpþl;karKaMRTsMrab;karGPivDÆn_énsmtßPaBRKb;RKgkar RsavRCav nigRtUv)ankMBugBRgIklT§plrbs;xøÜneTAksikr smaKmksikr nigGCIvkmμksikm μ TaMgGs;. RksYgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT k¾kMBugEtpþl;nUvesv:akm μpSBVpSayTaMgLayeTAksikrTUeTAenAkñúg RbeTspgEdr.

rdæaPi)alkm<úCa k¾)anpþl;pgEdrnUvBUCRsUveTAksikrEdlrg\T§iBledayeRKaHmhnþrayFmμCati nig)anEckcayeRbgm:as‘UtedayBMuKitéføedIm,IksikreRbIR)as;enAkñúgRbtibtþikarbUmTwkeRsacRsb;enAkñúgsßanPaBénPaBGasnñraMgs¶Üt. CabEnßmeTot sMrab;viFankarN_RbGb;ébtg ksikrkm<úCaTaMgGs; RtUv)an elIkElgecjBIBn§dIFøIksikmμ nigBn§R)ak;cMNUlTaMgGs; EdlRtUv)ancat;TukfaCa karKaMRTR)ak;cMNUlEdl manlkçN³pþac;karTak;Tg. karelIkElgBn§tMélbEnßm eTAelIFnFan bBa©Úlksikmμnana KWk¾RtUvGacTuk CaTUeTApgEdrsMrab;ksikrTaMgGs; eTaHbIkarsnñidæanénR)ak;cMNUl EdlRtUvCalT§plBIkarKaMRTBitR)akd rbs;rdæaPi)alpgEdr KWBMuGacrk)ank¾eday edaysarEtkar xVHxaténTUrelxsßitienaH.

- RbGb;exov¬Blue Box¦ eyageTAtamviFankarN_ : RbGb;exov : KWCakarRbKl;R)ak; edaypÞal; eRkamkmμviFIénkarkMritplitkm μ kmμviFICMnYyd¾BitR)akdNamYyrbs;rdæaPi)aledIm,ICMrujkar GPivDÆn_ ksikm μ nigCnbTenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_nana nigkarKaMRTkMrittUcd¾éTeTot ¬ : de minimis :¦ kalNaRtUveRbobeFobCamYynwgtMélsarubénplitpl rWk¾plitplEdlRtUv)anKaMRT ¬tUcCag5°enAkñúg krNIRbeTsGPivDÆn_ nig10°enAkñúgkrNIénRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_¦. kar]btßmÖFn én :RbGb;ébtg : nig : RbGb;exov : RtUv)anelIkElgecjBIkarrYmbBa©ÚleTAkñúgviFankarN_ KaMRTbBa©ÚlKña ¬Aggregate

Measures Supports (AMS)¦ EdlRtUv)anBicarNaenAkénøgCaeRcIn faCakarritt,itBaNiC¢km μecjBIkar KaMRTkñúgRsuk. rhUtmkdl;eBlenH km<úCaenABMuTan;mannUvTUrelx sßitiNamYycMeBaHkarKaMRTTaMgenHeTA ksikreLIy eTaHbIraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )ancUlrYmnUvRbePTénkar KaMRTTaMgenHCaeRcInedIm,ICMrujkar GPivDÆn_ksikm μ nigCnbT nig)ancUlrYmKaMRTkMrittUc²d¾éTeTotEdl rab;bBa©Úlkarpþl;\NTanCamYynwg GRtakarR)ak;Tab edayFnaKarGPivDÆn_CnbTeTAGñkplitRsUv nigkar]btßmÖnUvBUCRsUvEdlRtUv)aneFVI eGayRbesIreLIg nigkar]btßmÖRbB½n§eRsacRsb; .l.

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EdlGaceRCIserIsedIm,ITTYlnUvéføEdlCardæ)alenaH. rhUtmkdl;eBlenH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa BMumannUv bePTNamYyénviFankarN_KaMRTéførebobenH sMrab;Gñkplitksiplrbs;xøÜneLIy.

6- karsnüarbs;km<úCasMrab;karerobcMBaNiC¢kmμtMbn; nigkic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmμeTVrPaKI karsnüarbs;km<úCaeRkamtMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an tMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an ¬AFTA¦RtUv)anbegáIteLIgenAkñúgEx mkra qñaM 1992 edIm,IbM)at; ecalnUvrnaMgBn§TaMgLaykñúgcMeNamRbeTsGasuIGaeKñX_ CamYynwgTsSnHedIm,IeFVIsmahrNkm μesdækic© Gas‘an eTACamUldæanplitkmμEtmYy nigbegáItTIpSarrYmmYyEdlmanRbCaCn 500 lanGñk. kic©RBm eRBogsþIBIRbB½n§Bn§GnueRKaHEdlmanRbsiT§iPaBrYm ¬CEPT¦ sMrab; AFTA KWTamTarfaGRtaBn§Edl )ancgeTAtamRbePTd¾TUlMTUlaymYyénplitplEdl)aneFVIBaNiCkm μenAkñúgtMbn;RtUvEtkat;bnßyedaymineGayenAelIsBI 5° eLIy. kardak;kMhiténcMnYnnaMcUlTaMgLay nigrnaMgminEmn Bn§Kyd¾éTeTot KWk¾RtUvbM)at;ecalpgEdr. eTaHbIkalviPaKEdlCadMbUg RtUveFIVeGaysMerc)anenA kñúgqñaM 2008 k¾eday k¾TisedAéntMbn;BaNiC¢kmμsirIenAkñúg ASEAN RtUv)anbnþeFVI clnaeTAmuxCanic©. km<úCa )ancUlrYm ASEAN enAéf¶TI 30 Ex mkra qñaM 1995 nigRtUv)ansnüaCadMNak;kal² pgEdrcMeBaHkarGnuvtþ CEPT edIm,eFVIeGayeTACakarBiténtMbn;BaNiC¢kmμesrIGas‘an enAéf¶TI 1 Ex mkra qñaM 2000. kBa©b; CEPT rbs;km<úCa rab;bBa©ÚlbnÞat;Bn§Kysarub 6>821 EdlpSMeday 3>114 plitpl enAkñúgbBa¢Irab;bBa©Úl ¬inclusion list¦ ¬= 45/65° énbnÞat;Bn§Kysarub¦ 3>523 bnÞat;Bn§Ky ¬=51/65° énbnÞat;Bn§Kysarub¦ enAkñúgbBa¢IelIkElgbeNþaHGasnñ ¬temporary

exclusion list¦ 134 bnÞat;Bn§Ky ¬= 1/96° énbnÞat;Bn§Kysarub¦ enAkñúgbBa¢IelIk ElgTUeTA ¬general exceptional list¦ nig 50°énbnÞat;Bn§Ky ¬= 0/73° énbnÞat;Bn§Kysarub¦ enAkñúgbBa¢IviyiTPaB ¬sensitive list¦. bc©úb,nñ sMrab;kBa©b; CEPT rbs;km<úCa plitplRsUvTaMgGs; rbs;km<úCa RtUv)andak;eTAkñúgbBa¢IviyiTPaB. eyageTAtamkalviPaKénGRtaBn§ km<úCa nwgmankarbnÞabGRtaBn§rbs;xøÜnenAkñúgcenøaH 0 nig 5° sMrab; 85°énplitpl nigesv:akm μrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgbBa¢IrYmbBa©Úl ¬inclusion list¦ enAkñúgqñaM 2007. enAkñúgqñaMCabnþbnÞab; PaKryénplitpl nigesv:akm μenAkñúgbBa¢IrYmbBa©Úl nwgmankarekIn eLIgrhUt 90 PaKry. enAkñúgqñaM 2009 100° énPaKryplitpl nigesv:akm μenAkñúgbBa¢IrYmbBa©Úl

nwgsßitenAkñúgcenøaH 0 nig 5°. enAkñúgqñaM 2010 60° énplitpl nigesva:km μenAkñúgbBa¢I rab;bBa©Úl nwgRtUvkat;bnßyrhUtdl; 0°. CaTIbBa©b; enAkñúgqñaM 2015 100°énplitpl nigesv:akmμrbs; km<úCaenAkñúgbBa¢Irab;bBa©Úl nwgRtUvkat;bnßyrhUtdl; 0°. müa:gvijeTot km<úCaGacTTYlRbeyaCn_ BIplitplEdlRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgbBa¢IviyiTPaBpgEdr. cMnYnénbnÞat;Bn§TaMgGs;rbs;km<úCaEdl GacRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgbBa¢IviyiTPaBenH RtUvCakmμvtßúedIm,IkMritGtibrimamYyes μ I 10° rbs;bnÞat; Bn§KyTaMgGs;.

taragTI 10 ³ kalviPaKGRtaBn§énsmaCikfμ Irbs;Gas‘an

evotNam Lav mIy:anma: km<úCa PaKryénplitpl

nigesv:akm μenAkñúgbBa¢Irab;bBa©Úl PaKryénGRt

aBn§ 2003 2005 2005 2007 85° 0° - 5° 2004 2006 2006 2008 90° 2005 2007 2007 2009 100° 0° - 5° 2006 2008 2008 2010 60° 0° 2007 2009 2009 2011 2008 2010 2010 2012 2009 2011 2011 2013 2015 2015 2015 2015 100° TMnak;TMngBaNiC¢km μ km<úCa-kUer:xagt,Úg km<úCa)ancuHhtßelxa nUvkic©RBmeRBogCamYyRbeTskUer:xagt,Úg edIm,ICYynUvkarbegáItTIpSar PaKh‘unenAcugbBa©b;énTsvtSn_enH. kic©RBmeRBogd¾eTeTotrvagGñkdwknaMRbeTsTaMgBIr k¾rab;bBa©Úl pgEdrnUvcMnYnCaeRcInénhtßelxaEdlCMrujsm<½n§emRtIPaBBaNiC¢km μrbs;RbeTsTaMgBIr CaBiessenA kñúgEpñksMNg; ]sSahkm μ vinieyaK nigGPivDÆn_ehdæarcnasm<½n§ k¾dUcCakic©RBmeRBogcMeBaHRbeTs kUer:xagt,ÚgedIm,IksagbNþajkargarénbec©kviC¢aBt’man ¬IT Network¦ enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa. bc©úb,nñ rdæaPi)alRbeTsTaMgBIr k¾)anBiPakSaKñaedIm,IrkRck;bBa©b;nUvGtulüPaBBaNiC¢km μd¾F¶n;F¶rmYy rvagRbCa

CatiTaMgBIr edaykareFVIeGayekIneLIgénkarnaMecjnanarbs;km<úCaeTARbeTskUer:xagt,Úg. k¾b:uEnþrvag CMnYy nigBaNiC¢km μ RbeTskUer:xagt,Úg KWk¾CaGñkpþl;viPaKTand¾FMmYycMeBaHesdækic© km<úCapgEdr.

TMnak;TMngBaNiC¢km μkm<úCa-cin km<úCa KWCaRbCaCatid¾rak;Tak;CitsñiT§mYyrbs;RbeTscin. RbeTscin )anbegáItTMnak;TMng karTUtnanaCamYynwgRbeTskm<úCa enAéf¶TI 19 Ex kkáda qñaM 1958. naykrdæm®nþITIBIrénRbeTs km<úCa )aneFVITsSn³kic©enARbeTscincab;BIéf¶TI 18 rhUtdl;éf¶TI 23 Ex kkáda kñúgqñaM 1996 nigenAéf¶TI 19 kkáda RbeTsTaMgBIr )ancuHhtßelxa elIkic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢km μ nigkic©RBm eRBogkarBarvinieyaK. cab;BIqñaM 1992 TMhMBaNiC¢km μeTVPaKI )anemIleXIjnUvkarekIneLIgCabnþ bnÞab;y:agxøaMgmYy. enAkñúgqñaM 1997 TMhMBaNiC¢km μ cin-km<úCa )anQandl; 120 landuløa Gaemrik KWekIneLIg71/8°eRbobeFob eTAnwgmYyqñaMmun. enAkñúgqñaM1998 cMnYnenH )ansMercdl;eTA 162 landuløa KWmankarekIneLIg 34/1°. TMhMBaNiC¢km μeTVPaKI énqñaM 1999 KW 160 landuløa KWFøak;cuH 1/1° eRbobeFobeTAnwgmYyqñaMmun KWCaGVIEdlKNnIkarnaMecjrbs;RbeTscinTaMgGs;man 104 landuløa KWfycuH 8/2° PaKry ehIykarnaMcUl 55/79 landuløa KWmankarekIneLIg 15/8° eRbobeFobeTAnwgmYyqñaMmun. karnaMecjCacMbgTaMgGs;BIRbeTscin eTAkm<úCarab;bBa©Úl plitpl eRKOgm:asuIn nigeGLicRtUnik vaynP½NÐ EdkEfb sMelokbMBak; nigeRKOgRbdab;tubEtg esoKVIebIkbiT nigehdæarcnasm<½n§karBaresoKVI plitpleKhdæan »sf sMParHCagEdksmBaØ² Es,keCIg .l. karnaMcUlCacMbgBIkm<úCa eTARbeTscinvij rab;bBa©Úl ekAs‘U Gus eQI kþakMpøaek .l. nig .l.

TMnak;TMngBaNiC¢km μkm<úCa-Gaemrik cab;taMgBIkarcab;epþImeLIgvijénTMnak;TMngkarTUtTaMgGs;CamYynwgkm<úCa shrdæGaemrik KW)an sßitenACYrmuxénkarGPivDÆn_km<úCa. enAkñúgqñaM 1996 RbFannaFibtIénshrdæGaemrik )ancuH htßelxaelIKMeragc,ab;mYy Edlpþl;eGaykm<úCa CapøÚvkarnUvzan³CaRbCaCatiEdlpþl;PaBGnueRKaH bMput ¬Most Favored Nation¦. eRkABIenH rdæaPi)alshrdæGaemrik CabnþbnÞab;)aneRCIserIskm<úCa CaGñkTTYlplmYyeRkamKMeragRbB½n§GnueRKaHBn§TUeTA ¬Generalized System of Preferences¦ enAkñúgqñaM 1997. enAkñúgqñaM 1999 km<úCa nigshrdæGaemrik )ancuHhtßelxaelIkic©RBmeRBogeTVPaKI mYysþIBIvaynP½NÐ ¬BTA¦ KWCakic©RBmeRBogrYmmYyEdlP¢ab;bTdæankargareTAnwgBaNiC¢km μ. CabEnßm

eTot GnuRbFantMNagBaNiC¢km μshrdæGaemrik nigrdæm®nþIBaNiC¢kmμkm<úCa )ancuHhtßelxaelIkic© RBmeRBog BaNiC¢km μ nigKMeragkargarvinieyaK ¬TIFA¦ enAéf¶TI 14 Ex kkáda qñaM 2006. enAeRkamKMerag TIFA RbeTsTaMgBIr nwgBicarNanUvpøÚvnana edIm,IBRgIk nigbn§ÚbnßyBaNiC¢kmμ nigkarvinieyaKeTVPaKI. RbeTsTaMgBIr k¾nwgBiPakSapgEdrnUvbBaðaCaeRcIn dUcCakm μsiTi§bBaØa karsMrYl BaNiC¢km μ nigKy nigkar Gnuvtþénkic©snüa WTO TaMgLayrbs;km<úCa. eRkABIenH cMeBaHkm<úCa shrdæGaemrik KWCaédKUrBaNiC¢kmμd¾FMmYycab;taMgBIqñaM 1998. karnaMecjTaMgGs;eTAshrdæGaemrik manCasarub 1/5 ekadiduløa enAkñúgqñaM 2004 KWRtUv)anKNna minticCag 70° énkarnaMecjsarubrbs;km<úCa nigk¾elI 35° énplitplkñúgRsuksarubrbs;km<úCa pgEdr. karnaMecjTaMgGs;rbs;shrdæGaemrikeTAkm<úCa KWtUcsMebImebIeFVIkareRbobeFobeTA fVIebI mankarekIneLIgBIRbmaN 20 landuløa enAkñúgqñaM 1999 eTA 59 landuløa enAkñúgqñaM 2004 k¾eday. shrdæGaemrik KWk¾CaRbeTspþl;CMnYyeTVPaKId¾FMTIBIrcMeBaHkm<úCa bnÞab;BIRbeTsCb:un. CMnYyBIPñak;gar shrdæGaemriksMrab;karGPivDÆn_GnþrCati ¬USAID¦ )anQandl; 57 landuløa enAkñúgqñaM 2004 nigRtUvrMBwgfamankarekIneLIgBImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaMeTot.

TMnak;TMngBaNiC¢km μkm<úCa-Cb:un lT§PaBénkic©RBmeRBogvinieyaKkm<úCa-Cb:un RtUv)anBiPakSa. sar³sMxan;énesßrPaBCalkçN³ c,ab; nigPaBEdlGacTsSn_Tay)an Edl)anpþl;edaykic©RBmeRBogenHk¾RtUv)anEføgRbkas pgEdr. TaMgenH RtUv)ancg¥úlbgðaj fakic©RBmeRBogvinieyaKEdlGacekIteLIgmYy RtUvrab;bBa©Úl nUvbTbBaØati sþIBIesrIPavUbnIykmμénkarvinieyaK k¾dUcCabTbBaØatisþIBIkarvinieyaK EdlRtUv)anrab; bBa©ÚlenAkñúg CMBUkénkarvinieyaKrbs;kic©RBmeRBogédKUresdækic© ¬EPA¦ EdlRbeTsCb:un )ancuHhtßelxaCamYy nwgRbeTsd¾éTeTotenAkñúgqñaMfμ I²enH.

7- karsMrYlBaNiC¢km μRsUvrbs;km<úCa karvaytMélrbs;Ky km<úCa KWsßitenAkñúgdMeNIrkarénkarEkrTMrg;rbbKyrbs;xøÜn tamryHkarEkrTMrg; nigkmμ viFITMenIbnIykmμR)aMqñaMmYy ¬2003-2008¦ edIm,ICaExSbnÞat; nigeFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvRbsiTi§ PaBénRbtibtþikarrbs;Ky nigedIm,IsMrYlnUvBaNiC¢kmμ. CamYynwgCMnYy BImUlniFirUbIyb½NÑGnþrCati

c,ab;sþIBIKyEdl)anEkrsMrYleLIgvij )anRtUvBRgag nigrg;caMkaryl;RBmBIsPaCati. CaEpñkmYyén karsnüasMucUl WTO rbs;xøÜn km<úCanwgGnuvtþkic©RBmeRBogkarvaytMélrbs;KyenAkñúgExmkra 2009. eTaHbIkm<úCa )aneFVInUvkareCOnelOnmYycMnYnenAkñúgkarRbwgERbgEkrTMrg;nanak¾eday nitiviFIKy KWenAEt sßitkñúgPaBsμ úKsμajenAeLIy. GCIvkm μkñúgRsuk nigbreTs TaMgBIrGñk)aneFVIkar tv:akñúgeBlbc©úb,nñfa naykdæanKy nigrdæakr CaTUeTAeFVIeGaycab;Garm μN_enAkñúgkarGnuvtþEdlfa BuuMmantMlaPaB nigEdlfa Cajwkjab;elcecjnUvlkçN³CaGCJakNþal nigEdlpÞúyBIc,ab;. GñknaMcUlCaeRcIn niyayCajwkjab; BIbBaðaTaMgLayCamYynwgkarBnüardMeNIrkareFVIÉksarhYs RbmaN TMrg;kar nigRkdas;sñamkargar d¾elIslb; Edlkac;cgáÚtedaykarGnuvtþEdlsMerceTAtamkar vinicä½yrbs;buKÁly:agelIslb;.

viFanRbPBedIm km<úCa BMuTan;)anbegáIteLIgnUvbTbBaØatiTMagLaysþIBIviFanRbPBedImenAeLIyeT nigmanbMNg; dak;ecjnUvviFanGnueRKaHénRbPBedIm dUcEdl)anTamTarenAkñúgsmaCikPaBrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgGas‘an. k¾b:uEnþ km<úCaRtUv)ansMNUmBredaysmaCikén WTO eGayc,ab; nigbTbBaØatiTaMgGs;rbs;km<úCa sþIBIviFan RbPBedIm KWKYrEtGnuelamCamYynwgbTbBaØatiénkic©RBmeRBog WTO sþIBIviFanRbPBedIm nigKYrEtrYm bBa©ÚlnUvkarTamTarénmaRtaTI 2 ¬h¦ nig]bsm<½n§ II kfax½NÐ 3 ¬d¦ EdlsMrab; viFanRbPBedImmin GnueRKaH nigGnueRKaH. GCJaFrKy KYrEtpþl;eTAtamsMNUmBrrbs;Gñk naMecj nignaMcUl rWk¾buKÁlNamYyCamYynwgmUlehtusmehtuplnUvkarvaytMélénRbPBedIménkarnaMcUl nigpþl;CaTMrg; nUvlkç½NÐenAeRkamEdlfaTaMgGs;enaHKYrEtRtUvpþl;eGay nigEdlfasMNUmBrNamYy sMrab;karvaytMél enHKYrEtRtUvTTYlyk eTaHbICamuneBlkareFVIBaNiC¢km μénplitplEdl)anBak;B½n§ enaH RtUv)ancab;epþImk¾eday. rhUtmkdl;eBlenH GñknaMecjTaMgGs;RtUv)anTamTaredayraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa eGaybgðaj RbPBedImrbs;plitplenAkñúgesckþIRbkas;naMcUlrbs;xøÜn cMeBaHBaNiC¢kmμénplitplEdlBMuGnueRKaH TaMgGs;. karTamTaenH RtUv)anGnuvtþedIm,IEteKalbMNgsßitiEtb:ueNaÑH. eTaHbIy:agNak¾eday km<úCamanbMNg eFVItamTaMgRsugCamYynwgbTbBaØatiénkic©RBmeRBog WTO sþIBIviFanRbPBedIm enAkñúgkarGnuvtþénviFanRbPBedImEdlGnueRKaH nigminGnueRKaH nigeFVIkarGnuvtþviFanTaMgenHeRkayBI karGnum½ténc,ab;Ky nigrdæakrfμ I nigkarGnuvtþbTbBaØatiTaMgGs;rbs;va. CaBiess karTamTarén maRtaTI

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de Surveillance (SGS)¦ GnuBaØatiGayeFVIGFikarkic©nUvKuNPaBénplitplNamYyEdlRtUv )andwkCBa¢ÚncUlmkkm<úCa. enAkñúgkarGnuvtþ karnaMcUlTaMgGs; RtUv)anGnuBaØaticUlmkkm<úCa CamYynwg Éksareyagd¾tictYcmYy edIm,ICabTdæan rWk¾edIm,IGFikarkic©d¾m:t;ct;mYy. kic©snüaGFikarkic© muneBlpÞúkkñúgeBl bc©úb,nñ)anGnuvtþcMeBaHtMélTMnij 4/000 duløGaemrik ¬FOB¦.

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k¾b:uEnþ cab;BIéf¶énkarcUleTAkñúg WTO raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )anTTYlyknUvkarTTYlxusRtUv y:ageBjelj edIm,IFanafakarRbtibtþiTaMgGs;énRkumh‘unGFikarkic©muneBlpÞúk RtUvbMeBjeTAtam karTamTarénkic©RBmeRBog WTO TaMgGs; rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkarbegáIttMél nigR)ak;QñÜlEdlRtUvKña CamYynwgmaRtaTI 8 énkic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBIBn§ nigBaNiC¢kmμ 1994 ¬GATT 1994¦ ehIy saksmeTAtamdMeNIrkar nigkarTamTareGaymantMlaPaBénkic©RBmeRBog WTO ¬maRtaTI 10 én GATT 1994 ¦ saksmeTAtambTbBaØatiénkic©RBmeRBogsþIBIkarGnuvtþénmaRtaTI 7 én GATT 1994 nigkic©RBmeRBogsþIBIGFikarkic©muneBlpÞúkpgEdr.

nitiviFIeFVIGCJab½NÑnaMcUl km<úCa BMu)ancgeGaymankaTamTareFVIGCJab½NÑ rWk¾karritt,it rWk¾hamXat;cMnYnplitpl ksikm μTaMgLayEdlRtUVvnaMcUlenaHeLIy. viBaØabnb½RtGnam½y nigPUtþKamGnam½y RtUvTamTarcMeBaH karnaMcUlénplitplksikm μTaMgGs;.

X> karebIkRck;TIpSarkñ úgkarnaMecjGgárkm<úCa ¬elak kan; visidæ¦ 1- karsnüaBhuPaKIenAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogGgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak sþIGMBIksikm μ

kic©RBmeRBogTUeTA sþIGMBIBaNiC¢kmμ nigBn§Ky GATT )ancab;kMeNItkñúgqñaM1947. vaCasBaØa mYykñúgkarkat;bnßyBn§Ky nigr)aMgBaNiC¢km μepSg²cMeBaHBaNiC¢kmμ niglubbM)at; RbRBwtþikmμerIseGIg nAkñúgBaNikm μGnþrCati. ehtudUecñH kareFVIBaNiC¢km μEpñkksikmμ RtUv)anRKbdNþb; edayviFanén kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIGMBIBaNiC¢km μ nigBn§Ky sMrab;karminerIseGIg nigebIkcMhTIpSar.

taMgBIkic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIGMBIBaNiC¢kmμ nigBn§Ky GATT )anRKbdNþb;esÞIrEtTaMgGs;elI plitpl]sSahkm μ dUcenHbBaðaEdlRtUv)anelIkeLIg KWk¾RtUvmancMeBaHplitplksikmμEdr. bBaðasñÚl KWBn§Kyx<s; r)aMgminEmnBn§Kyxus²Kña ]btßmÖFnelIkarnaMecjminkNt; nigkarKaMRT kñúgRsukelIkar ritt,itBaNiC¢kmμminkMNt;. bBaðaTaMgenH eFVIeGayBaNiC¢km μksikm μedIrfyeRkay RBmTaMgéfømankar ekIneLIg nigmankarekIneLIgnUvkrNICMelaHBaNiC¢km μcMeBaHkarritt,itenH. Tak;TinGMBIbBaðTaMgenH kic©RBmeRBogsþIGMBIksikm μ )anRtUvbegáIteLIg enAkñúgvKÁcrcayUr:UhÁay (Uruguay Round) sMrab;karcrca BaNiC¢km μ edIm,IEkTMrg;viFanBaNiC¢km μEpñkksikm μ nigdak;viFanTaMg enHeRkameKalkarN¾BhuPaKI énkic©RBmeRBogTUeTA sþIGMBI\BaNiC¢kmμ nigBn§Ky¼GgÁkarBaNiC¢km μ BiPBelak GATT/WTO. eKaledA rbs;kic©RBmeRBogGgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak WTO Agreements sþIGMBIksikm μrUmman³

- yutiþFm_ nigq<s;eTArkRbBn½§BaNiC¢km μTIpSar. - karsnüasþIGMBI ]btßmÖFn nigkarkarBar. - RbtibtþimanRbsiT§PaB tamc,ab; nigeKalkarN¾rbs; GATT. - dMeNIrkarkMENTMrg;BaNiC¢kmμRbkbedaysmFm_. - kalanuvDÆnPaBd¾FMeFg niglkçxN½ÐcUlTIpSar cMeBaHRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_. - Bak;Bn½§ cMeBaHRbeTsRkIRk nigRbeTs NFIDCs.

- Bak;Bn½§ elIbBaðaminEmnBaNiC¢kmμ dUcCa bBaðasnþisuxmðÚbGahar brisßan suxPaB .l.

plb:HBal;CaviC¢man BIkic©RBmeRBogsþIGMBIksikm μ km<úCabc©úb,nñCaesdækic©ksikm μ EdlmankMlaMgBlkm μ 80° eRbIR)as;kñúgvisy½ksikm μ. kic©RBm eRBogsþIGMBIksikmμpþl;GtßRbeyaCn_CaeRcIncMeBaHbNþaRbeTsRkIRk dUcCakm<úCaCaedIm. kic©RBmeRBogtMrUv [RbeTsCasmaCiklb;bM)at;r)aMgBaNiC¢km μminEmnBn§Ky edaybEgVrr)aMgTaMgenH eTACar)aMgBn§Kyvij ehIyCabeNþIr² RtUvkat;bnßyBn§KyTaMgenaH. kñúgfan³CaRbeTsRkIRkmYy km<úCaGacrkSaTukBn§naMcUl cMeBaHplitplksikmμ enAkMritx<s;mYytamry³ karcrcasMucUlCasmaCik WTO rbs;xøÜn. ktþaenHpþl;pl CaviC¢man sMrab;km<úCaBRgIkkarnaMecjpliitplksikmμrbs;xøÜn nigTak;TajvinieyaKkñúgvisy½enHpgEdr.

rkSarTukCMerIsneya)ay nigPaBbt;EbnGMBIksikm μ karebIkcMhrTIpSar nigkareFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvbrisßanvinieyaKnwgmanGtßRbeyaCn_ cMeBaHvis½y

ksikm μ k¾dUcCa]sSahkmμ nigesvakkm μEdr. enAkñúgc,ab;Biessrbs;GgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak eday eyageTAtamviFanviFanenH rdæaPi)alEdlCasmaCiknanaGac]btßmÖFnelIvis½yksikm μ. c,ab;TaMgenH RtUv)anbegáIteLIg edIm,IFanafaviFankarN¾KaMRTEdlb:HBal;dl;BaNiC¢km μ minRtUvpþÜcepþIm b¤begáInEfm eToteLIy ehIyviFankarN¾EdlmanmYycMnYnb:HBal;dl;BaNiC¢kmμ RtUvkat;bnßyCa beNþIr²rhUtdl;cMnYn ticbMput.

2- rebobvar³GPivDÆn_RkugdUha nasnñisiT§fñak;rdæm®nþIelIkTI4 rbs;GgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak enARkugdUha ¬Exvicäika qñaM2001¦ bNþasmaCik )anyl;RBm[ebIkvKÁcrcaBaNiC¢km μBhuPaKImYy edaydak;bBa©Úl[mankarcrcaEpñk ksikm μEdlkMBugRbRBitþeTAenH. GMBIksikm μ bNþasmaCik)ansnüapgEdrcMeBaH {karcrca RKb;RCugeRCay kñúgbMNgbegáInkarebIkcMhTIpSarCadMukMPYn karkat;bnßyRKb;TMrg;én]btßmÖFnnaMecj edayeyagCamYynwg TsSn³énkarbBa©b;énRKb;TMrg;én]btßmÖFnnaMecjTaMgGs; nigkarkat;bnßyCa dMukMPYnelIkar]btßmÖFnkñúg RsukelIkarritt,itBaNiC¢km μ } .

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TIpSarBiPBelaksMrab;GgárTTYl\T§iBlya:gxøaMgedaysarkar]btßmÖFn nigBn§Kyx<s;bMput enAkñúgTIpSarrbs;RbeTsman]sSahkmμlUtlas;. shrdæGaemrik eRbIR)as;\NTanEdl]btßmÖkar naMecj nigeRtombMrugCMnYymðÚbGahar sMrab;b:Hb:Uvplitkmμk¾dUcCapþl;kar]btßmÖFnkñúgRsukCadMukMPYn dl;ksikrrbs;xøÜn. ksikr kñúgRbeTsshKmn_GWr:ub kUer: Cb:un nigmiucsik k¾]btßmÖFnpgEdrtamry³ karbg;sgCMnYsplitkmμkMNt;. Cb:un nig kUer: ykcitþTukdak;bMput kñúgkarkarBarrbbTIpSar ¬plitplevyitPaB¦rbs;xøÜn. kþIsgÇwmTIpSarrbs;km<úCa RtUv)anb:HBal;CaGviC¢manpgEdr edaykar xVHxatnUvkarebIkcMhrcMeBaHGRta Bn§kUtaeTAelIplitplGgár dUcCacMeBaHRbeTskUer: b¤k¾RbeTsd¾éTeTot Edl)anelIkeLIgBIxagelI. RKb;lkçN³TaMgenHmanbMNg edIm,IKaMRTeKalKMnit tYnaTICaTUeTAxagelI.

3- karcrcabc©úb,nñrbs;GgÁkarBaNiC¢km μBiPBelak GMBIksikm μ snñisiT§fñak;rdæm®nþIelIkTI6 R)arBVeFVIenATIRkughugkug kñúgExFñÚ qñaM2005 )anTTYlbraC½y

edIm,IsMerckic©RBmeRBogGMBIrUbmnþsMrab;ksikm μmYycMnYn. bNþardæm®nþI )anRBmeRBogfaBYkeK KYrEtbBa©b; karcrcasþI GMBIrUbmnþTaMgenH enAExemsa qñaM2006 Edlkic©karenHminRtUv)ansMerc. kic©RbCMufñak;rdæm®nþId¾ tUcmYy )anR)arBVeFVIeLIgkñúgTIRkughSWENv k¾b:uEnþbNþasmaCikbraC½ymin)an e)aHeqñatCaÉkcänÞ GMBIbBaða EdlehA favKÁcrcaCMuTI1 én ¬1¦ karkat;bnßyBn§KyEpñkksikmμ ¬2¦ karkat;bnßy]btßmÖFnkñúgRsuk cMeBaHksikm μ nig¬3¦karkat;bnßyBn§KyminEmnpliplksikm μ. CMnYbkMBUlemdwknaMTaMg 8 nakic©RbCMukñúg Exkkáda qñaM2006 )ansnüaeGayGñkcrcarbs;BYkeK RbwgERbgEfmeTot edIm,IsMerc)ankic©RBmeRBogmYy eTAelIkBa©b;Edl)anTTYlsMrab;karkat;Bn§kñúgqñaM enH .

Ep¥kelIesckþIEføgkarfñak;dæm®nþI enATIRkughugkug sþIGMBIkarnaMecjminykBn§Ky nigminkMNt; brimaN Duty-Free & Quota-Free (DF &QF) shrdæGaemrik )ansnüaya:gmutmaM edIm,IGnuvtþesckþI sMercsIþBIkarnaMecjminykBn§Ky nigminkMNt;brimaN sMrab;RbeTsRkIRk ehIyRbeTsCb:un )anpþl;kar

naMecj minykBn§Ky nigminkMNt;brimaN cMeBaHRbeTsRkIRk edaypþl;eGay 98° énplitplEdl mankñúgtaragBn§Kyrbs;xøÜn.

4- PaBGnueRKaHTIpSar nigGasa‘n bUkédKUepSgeTot TIpSarkm<úCabc©úb,nñ manTMhMtUcmanGñkeRbIR)as;RbmaN 13/8 lannak; ehIy 36° kMBugrs;enA

eRkambnÞat;RkIRk . CakarBit eyIg)annaMecjeTATIpSarGas‘an EdlmanGñkeRbIR)as;Cag 500 lannak; b:uEnþlkçN³esdækic© nigplitpldUcKña enHCakarlM)akxøH² sMrab;km<úCa kñúgkarnaMecj eTAkan;TIpSarEdl xøÜnRtUvkar. ehtudUecñH vaCakarcaM)ac;sMrab;km<úCa sMlwgemIlTIpSarBiPBelakTaMgmUl kñúgkarEsVgrk ]tþmPaBeRboeFobRbesIrCagenH sMrab;plitplrbs;xøÜn CaBiessTIpSarenAkñúg RbeTscin Cb:un kUer:xagt,Úg nigshrdæGaemrik. eKalkarN¾énRbCaCatiEdlGnueRKaHbMput kñúgcMeNamRbeTssmaCik TaMgGs;)anbegáItnUvktþad¾sMxan;cMeBaHkm<úCaedIm,IGacTak;TajvinieyaKpÞal; BIbreTs.

km<úCa kñúgtMbn;TIpSaresrIGas‘an-cin kic©RbCMukMBUlGas‘an )anR)arB§kñúgExvicäika qñaM2001 bNþaemdwknaMGas‘an nigcin)an RBmeRBogKña

BenøÓnEfmeTotnUvkic©shRbtibtþikaresdækic© nigsmahrnþkm μ rvagédKUesdækic©TaMgBIr edaybegáIttMbn; BaNiC¢km μesrICamYyKña. mYyqñaMeRkayénkarcrcanana RkbxNÐ½kic©RBmeRBogmYy Edl)andak;ecjCa EpnkaréntMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrImYy RtUv)ancuHhtßelxanakic©RbCMukMBUlelIkTI8 rbs;Gas‘ankñúgTIRkug PñMeBj. kñúgExmkra qñaM2004 {karRbmUlpledIméd} énpliplksikm μ mYycMnYn)ancUlCaFrman. tMbn; BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an-cin nwgkøayCaTIpSarEtmYyEdlmanRbCaCn 1/7 ekadinak; nigmaneKaledAbegáIt tMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an-cin enAqñaM2010 sMrab;smaCikedIm TaMg6 nigenAqñaM2015 sMrab;smaCikfμI EdlehAfaRbeTs CLMV ¬km<úCa Lav mIya:nma evotNam¦.

BaNiC¢km μGas‘an-cin )ancab;epþItaMgBIkMritTabmYy k¾b:uEnþBaNiC¢km μTaMgenH )anrIkcMerInya:g elOn ehIybc©úb,nñkøayCaédKUBaNiC¢kmμd¾sMxan;. CakarelcecjnUv)atuPUtmYy enAkñúgTMnak;TMng BaNiC¢km μ Gasa‘n-cin EdlRbeTs cinkøayCaTIpSard¾sMxan;sMrab;plitplrbs;Gasa‘n. smaCik Gasa‘n TTYlGtßRbeyaCn_BitR)akd² BITIpSarGgár enAkñúgRbeTscin ehIykarnaMcUlrbs;RbeTscin BIGasa‘n mankMeNInCabnþbnÞab;. CamYynwgkarGnumt½éntMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an-cin Gasa‘nbc©úb,nñ CaédKU BaNiC¢km μFMTI5 CamYyRbeTscin nigcinCaédKUBaNiC¢kmμFMTI6 rbs;Gasa‘n. kñúgcMeNamplitplnaMcUl

rbs;RbeTscinCaeRcIn PaKeRcInBak;Bn½§y:agsMxan;CamYyGasa‘n dUcCaplitplGgár dUgeRbg ekAs‘U plitplKImI vaynPN½Ð nigplitpleRbgkat. ehtudUecñH km<úCa )ansVaKmn_karsMerccitþ rbs;KUrPaKITaMgBIRbeTsCasmaCik Gasa‘n nigRbeTscin kúñgkarpþl;RbRBwtþikm μBiesscMeBaHplitpl ksikm μkm<úCa Edl)an)a:n;sμanmankar Bnüary³eBlGnuvtþesrIkmμksikm μ rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgplitpl evyiTPaBbMputTaMgLayenAkñúgbBa¢IelIkElg k¾dUcCakarpþl;karebIkRck;TIpSarGnueRKaHeTAkñúgTIpSar rbs;RbeTscinmunplitplrbs;RbeTsd¾éTeTot.

km<úCa kñúgtMbn;TIpSaresrIGas‘an-saFarN³rdækUer: PaBGaRs½yKñaeTAvijeTAmktamry³kartP¢ab;bNþajBaNiC¢km μ nigkarvinieyaKrvagGas‘an

nigkUer: RtUv)aneFVIeGaymankarsuICMerAy:agsMxan; CagBIr bI TsvtSn_mkenH. kñúgqñaM 2004 Gasa‘nkøay CaédKUBaNiC¢kmμFMTI5 CamYykUer: edayRtUvCa 9>5 ° énThMBaNiC¢kmμsrubrbs;kUer:. eTaHbIya:gNa BaNiC¢km μ nigvinieyaKeTVPaKI rvagGas‘an nigkUer: )anFøak;cuHkMLúgvibtþihirBaØvtßú enAGasIubUBa_ b:uEnþTMnak;TMngesdækic© rvagPaKITaMgBIrcab;dMeNIrkareLIgvijya:gelÓn.

nakic©RbCMukMBUlelIkTI9 Gas‘an-kUer: kñúgExFñÚ qñaM2005 bNþaemdwknaM )ancuHhtßelxa elIRkbxNÐ½ kic©RBmeRBogsþIGMBIkic©shRbtibtþikaresdækic©RKb;RCugeRCay rvagGas‘an nigsaFarN³ rdækUer: . BYkemdwk naM)ansVaKmn_pgEdr karcuHhtßelxa elIkic©RBmeRBog sþIGMBIBaNiC¢km μEpñkTMnij .

taragTI11 nigtaragTI12 bgðajBIlT§pl énkic©RBmeRBogsþIGMBIBaNiC¢km μEpñkTMnij eRkam RkbxNÐ½kic©RBmeRBogsþIGMBI kic©shRbtibtþikaresdækic©RKb;RCugeRCay rvagGas‘an nigkUer: Edl)an sMerceKaledAkñúgcugqñaM2006. enAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogenH kmμviFIkat;bnßyBn§Ky b¤lb;ecal rbs;RbeTsnimYy² nwgtMrUveGayGnuvtþn_GRtaBn§ MFN elITMnijEdlmankñúgbBa¢IbnÞat;Bn§Ky Edlnwg RtUvkat;bnßyCabeNIr² ehIynwgRtUvGnuvtþ RtUv)anlb;ecal.

taragTI11³ GRtaBn§GnueRKaH tMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an nigkUer sMrab;Gas‘an-6

X= GRtaBn§Gnuvtþ MFN 2006*

2007

2008

2009

2010

X≥ 20 PaKry 20 13 10 5 0

15 PaKry ≤X< 20 PaKry 15 10 8 5 0 10 PaKry ≤X < 15 PaKry 10 8 5 3 0 5 PaKry ≤X < 10 PaKry 5 5 3 0 0 X≤ 5 PaKry rkSarTukdEdl 0 0 kMNt;sMKal;³ * kalbriecäTGnuvtþdMbUg nwgcab;epþIm enAéf¶TI1 Exkkáda qñaM2006 RbPB³ elxaFikardæanGasa‘n qñaM2006

enAqñaM2008 tMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an-kUer nwgpþl;edaykUerxagt,Úg nUvkardkecjral; Bn§Ky ya:gtic 95 PaKry énbnÞat;Bn§Kyrbs;xøÜn Edl)andak;kñúgkmμviFIkat;Bn§Fm μta xN³Edl Gas‘an-6 nwgdkecjral;Bn§Ky ya:gtic 90 PaKry kñúgkmμviFIkat;Bn§Fmμta enAqñaM2009 . kñúg qñaM2010 kUer: nwglubecalral;Bn§Ky énbnÞat;Bn§Kyrbs;xøÜn Edl)andak;kñúgkmμviFIkat;Bn§Fm μta xN³Edl Gas‘an-6 nwgcab;Gnvtþ enAqñaM2012 .

taragTI12³ GRtaBn§GnueRKaH tMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an nigkUer sMrab; km<úCa Lav nigmIya:n;ma:

kMNt;sMKal;³ 1¦ * kalbriecäTGnuvtþdMbUg nwgcab;epþIm enAéf¶TI1 Exkkáda qñaM2006

X= GRtaBn§Gnuvtþ MFN

2006* 2007 2008 2009 2012 2015 2018

X≥ 60 PaKry 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 45 PaKry ≤X< 60 PaKry

45 40 35 25 15 10 0

35 PaKry ≤X< 45 PaKry

35 30 30 20 15 5 0

30PaKry ≤X< 35 PaKry

30 30 25 20 10 5 0


25 25 20 20 10 5 0


20 20 15 15 10 0-5 0


15 15 15 10 5 0-5 0


10 10 10 8 8 0-5 0


7** 7** 7** 7** 5 0-5 0


5 5 5 5 5 0-5 0

X< 5 PaKry rkSarTukdEdl 0

2¦ ** mIya:n;ma: nwgrkSa nUvGRtaBn§GnueRKaH tMbn;BaNiC¢kmμesrIGas‘an nigkUer kñúgkMrit FMCag 7/5 PaKry rhUtdl; qñaM2010.

RbPB³ elxaFikardæanGasa‘n qñaM2006

kic©RBmeRBogsþIGMBIBaNiC¢kmμEpñkTMnijmanenAkñúgbTbBaØati sMrab;RbRBwtþikm μedayELk nigBiess

(Special and Differential Treatment) ehIyKMeragkarN_bt;EbnBiessbEnßm cMeBaH RbeTsCasmaCikGas‘anfμI RbeTskm<úCa Lav mIya:n;ma: nigevotNam (CLMV). kñúgGtßn½yenH tMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an-kUer (AKFTA) nwgGnuvtþtamkalbriec©TepSg²Kañ sMrab;kUer: nigGas‘an-6 kalbriec©TepSgeTotsMrab;RbeTskm<úCa Lav mIya:n;ma: nigevotNam (CLMV). RbeTskm<úCa CamYyLav mIya:n;ma: nigevotNam nwg)anTTYlRbRBwtþkmμeénPaBGnueRKaHkñúgtMNak;kalkarGPivDÆn_ esdækic©enAmankMritTabenAeLIy.

km<úCa kñúgtMbn;TIpSaresrIGas‘an-Cb:un kic©RbCMukMBUlGas‘an Cb:un manbMNgshRbtibtþikary:agRCaleRCA rvagGas‘an Cb:un

bNþaemdwknaMGas‘an nig Cb:un )ancuHhtßelxa elIesckþIRbkasrYmmYy sþIGMBIédKUresdækic© eq<aHeTA begáIttMbn;BaNiC¢km μesrIGas‘an-Cb:un enAkMLúgeBl 10qñaMxagmux.

5- Bn§Ky nigr)aMgminEmnBn§Ky Bn§Ky cMeBaHksikmμ nigEpñkes,ógGaharrYmman ³ ¬1¦ kMritx<s;EdlKitCamFümPaKeRcIn

x<s;CagTMnijenAkñúgvis½yBMuEmnksikm μ ¬2¦ Cajwkjab;x<s;CagBn§Edl)anhamXat;y:agxøaMgkøa ¬3¦ GacERbRbYlx<s;kñúgcMeNamRbeTsmYycMnYn nig¬4¦Cajwkjab;x<s;y:agxøaMgsMrab;GRtaBn§cgEdlFM CagGRtaBn§Edl)anGnuvtþ. kñúgkrNImYycMnYn manGRtaBn§GnueRKaH sMrab;RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_Gac cUleTAkñúgTIpSarRbeTsGPivDÆn_)an. BaNiC¢km μEpñkksikmμ)andak;ecjnUvGRtaBn§kUta (TRQs). GRtaBn§kUta (TRQs) manBn§KyBIrkMritEdlenAkñúgenaH brimaNnaMcUlEdlRtUv)ankMNt;mYy ¬enAkñúgBn§kUta¦ RtUv)an GnuBaØatieGaybg;Bn§y:agTab ÉkarnaMcUlbEnßmelIsBIkUtatMrUveGaybg;Bn§ x<s;.

GRtaBn§ sMrab;Ggár enAkñúgRbeTscin Cb:un kUerxagt,Úg nigshrdæGaemrik taragTI13³ taragBn§Ky sMrab;plitplGgÁr enAkñúgRbeTscin Cb:un kUerxagt,Úg nigshrdæGaemrik plitpl cin

¬Bn§Ky Cb:un ¬Bn§Ky °¦

kUer ¬Bn§Ky °¦

shrdæGaemrik Bn§Ky

°¦ Rice in Hush 68 402 eyn¼KILÚRkam 5° ¬kñúgkUta¦ 1/8 esn¼KILÚRkam Hushked(brown) rice 68 402 eyn¼KILÚRkam 5° ¬kñúgkUta¦ 1/8 esn¼KILÚRkam Milled rice 68 402 eyn¼KILÚRkam 5° ¬kñúgkUta¦ 11/2° Broken rice 68 402 eyn¼KILÚRkam 5° ¬kñúgkUta¦ 0/44 esn¼KILÚRkam )a:n;s μan edaykareRbIviFIsa®sþpøas;bþÚBiess nigBn§rYmpSMenAkñúgBn§Ky (ad alorem tariffs) Edl)anRBm eRBogedaysmaCik WTO kñúgqñaM2005. RbPB³ mCÄmNÐlBaNiC¢km μGnþrCati UNCTAD/WTO

GRtaBn§kUta (Tariff Rate Quotas) enAkñúgRbeTscin Cb:un kUerxagt,Úg nigshrdæGaemrik GRtaBn§kUta (Tariff Rate Quotas) enAkñúgRbeTscin³ Bn§kUta RtUv)aneRbIkñúgEbbbTrdæ)al énkarnaMcUl RsUvsalI eBat Ggár kb,as nigsac;ecom tMrUv[bg;Bn§Tab cMeBaHkarnaMcUleRkamkUta nig tMrUv[bg;Bn§x<s;kñúgkrNInaMcUlelIsbrimaNkUta. RbeTscin )ansnüaxøÜnÉglubecalral;viFan minEmnBn§KyenAeBlEdlxøÜncUlGgÁkar WTO EbbbTrdæ)alsMrab;Bn§kUta nwgcUlCaFrman edayK μankarb:HBal; dl;karebIkRck;TIpSarrbs;cin kñúgPaBCasmaCik WTO. kMLúgeBlcrcasMucUl RbeTscin )anpþl;»kas[RbtibtþiEbbbTrdæ)al énBn§kUta elIplitplBiess dUcCa RsUvsalI eBat Ggár kb,as eRbgsENþk sár .l. RbeTscin )ansnüanaMcUlkñúgbrimaNkUta sMrab; RsUvsalI eBat Ggár mancMnYn 3/99 lanetan ehIyenAqaM2004 brimaNkUtaxagelI nwgbegáIndl; 5/85 lanetan . Bn§kñúgkUtacMeBaHGgár cenøaHrvag 1 eTA 9 ° nigkrNIesIlkUta manBn§cenøaHrvag 65 eTA 71 °. karnaMcUlEpñkksikm μtMrUv[manGaC£ab½NÑ GRtaBn§kUta nigkarhamXat;. GaC£ab½NÑnaMcUl sV½yRbvitþeRbIR)as;edIm,IRtYtBinitükarnaMcUl ÉGaC£ab½NÑnaMcUlminsV½yRbvitþ eRbIR)as;bedIm,IbMeBj katBVkic©rbs;RbeTscineRkamsniñsBaØaGnþrCati. GRtaBn§kUta (TRQs) KWminEmnCaGCJab½NÑsV½yRbvitþ elIkElgsMrab;muxTMnijEdl)anEbgEckEp¥kelImUldæanmkdl;munpþl;[mun. tamÉksar naéf¶TI27 ExkBaØa qñaM20051 RbeTscin )anCUndMNwgBIrbbGaC£ab½NÑnaMcUlbIRbePT³ GaC£ab½NÑnaMcUl GaC£ab½NÑ

1 Éksar WTO G/LIC/N/3/CHN/4 éf¶TI30 ExkBaØa qñaM2005 .

naMcUlsV½yRbvitþ nigGRtaBn§kUta (TRQs) sMrab;karnaMcUl. kUtanMacUl nwglubecalenAéf¶TI10 ExFñÚ qñaM20042 . eyagtamesckþICUndMNwg rbs;RbeTscin sþIGMBIGaC£abN½Ñ EdleFVIkñúgExFñÚ qñaM2004 bgðajfabnÞat;Bn§KyBIr nwgRtUvdkecjBItaragplitpl EdlCakmμvtßútMrUv[manGC£abN½ÑenAkñúg tarag3 . GRtaBn§kUta manenAelIplitpl dUcCa RsUvsalI eBat Ggár kb,as eRbgsENþkesog sár eramecom sac;ecom nigCIKImI. eyagtamesckþICUndMNwgeTA WTO rbs;RbeTscin RbB½n§enH bMerIenAeKalbMNg edIm,IkMhitnUvbrimaNnaMcUl4. KN³km μakarGPivDÆn_Cati nigkMENTMrg; RBmTaMgRksYgBaNiC¢km μCaGñk TTYlxusRtUvrYmsMrab;karcat;EcgGRtaBn§kUtacMeBaH Ggár eBat RsUvsalI nigkb,as ehIyRksYgBaNiC¢kmμ CaGñkTTYlxusRtUvEtÉkÉgcMeBaHCIKImI pliplksikm μ epSg²eTot eramecom nigsac;ecom5 .

GRtaBn§kUta (Tariff Rate Quotas) enAkñúgRbeTsCb:un³ bc©úb,nñRbeTsCb:un ykBn§elIGgár RKb;RbePTEdlqøgkat;RBMEdnrbs;xøÜn 150eynkñúgmYyKILÚRkam. elIsBIenH karnaMcUlGgármankUta kMNt; KW 682>000 etan ehIykarnaMcUlelIsbrimaNxagelItMrUv[bg;Bn§ 341eyn kñúgmYyKILÚRkam . sßitibgðajfa GRtaBn§KyenH manRbsiT§iPaBhamXat;ral;karnaMcUlelIskUta ¬ Fukuda qñaM2003¦. edayBMumankarelIkElg RKb;rbbneya)aytUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IkarBarPaB BMuman]tþmPaBeRbobeFob rbs;]sSahkm μkñúgRsuk. tYelxxageRkamBnül;R)ab;GRtaBn§Fmμta sMrab; karBarvis½yGgárkñúgRbeTs Cb:untamryHkMritBn§x<s;.

Bn§kUtaGnuvtþCacMbgeTAelIpliplksikmμ rYmTaMgplitpleFVIBITwkedaHeKa Ggár RsUvsalI nigRsUv )aeL sréssURtkUndgáÚvnag nigvtßúFatuedImBIsURt emSA xøaj;EdlerobcMTukbriePaK RKab;FBaØCati nig

2 Éksar WTO G/LIC/W/25 éf¶TI19 ExkBaØa qñaM2005 3 kñug]bsm<½n§ 3 énBiFIsarsMucUl WTO rbs;RbeTscin GaC£ab½NÑRtUv)andkecj cMeBaH HS 28371110 (sodium

cyanide) enAeBlcincUlCasmaCikeBjsiT§i ehIycMeBaH HS 84435912 (platen screen press printing machinery)

kñúgqñaM2004. 4 Éksar WTO G/LIC/N/3/CHN/2 éf¶TI9 ExtulaqñaM2003 . 5 kalBImun kUtaTaMgGs; elIkElgEtkUtaeTAelICIKImIRtUv)anRKb;RKgedayKNkmμaFikarGPivDÆn_Epnkarrdæ (SDPC);

kUtasMrab;CIKImIRtUv)anRKb;RKgedayKNkm μaFikaresdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmμrdæ ¬Éksar WTO G/LIC/N/3/CHN/1, 23 kBaØa 2004 2004).

sENþkdI bEnøs¶Üt. plitplTaMgenH RKbdNþb; 1/6° énbnÞat;Bn§KyTaMgGs;6. karnaMcUlGgár tMrUv[manBn§kUta cab;taMgBIéf¶TI1 Exemsa qñaM1999 karykBn§eRkAkUtaelIGgá kñúgqñaM2004 )antMrUv[ bg; 341eyn kñúgmYyKILÚRkam. Bn§TaMgenH srubCamYyBn§BiessmYy ¬GRtaBn§beNþaHGasnñ¦ 49eyn kñúgmYyKILÚRkam ehIykarRbmUlBn§ edayRksYgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT KW292eyn kñúgmYyKILÚRkam. karnaMcUlGgárkñúgkUtaKW 679>668 etan kñúgqñaM2001 679>875 etan kñúgqñaM2002 nig 673>734 etan kñúgqñaM2003 ÉkarnaMcUlGgáreRkAkUta kñúgqñaMdUcKñaKWman 69 etan 202 etan nig217 etan7. CaEpñkmYyénkarsnüaebIkRckTIpSar rbs;Cb:un cMnYnCak;lak;énGgárGacbBa¢aTij nigTak;TgTIpSarpÞal; eRkamRbBn½§dMeNIrkarrvagGñklk; nigGñkTij (SBS) EdlbrimaNsrubmYyKW 50>067 etan RtUv)annaMcUleRkamRbBn½§dMeNIrkarrvag Gñklk; nigGñkTij (SBS) kñúgqñaM2002 nig 100>000 etan kñúgqñaM2003 .

GRtaBn§kUta (Tariff Rate Quotas) enAkñúgRbeTskUerxagt,Úg³ kMLúgeBlcrcarbs; GgÁkar BaNiC¢km μBiPBelak WTO enA Uruguay Round sBaØaNenH RtUv)anRbQmmuxnwgC½yCMnH ehIy RbeTskUer:)anyl;RBmbegáItkUtaRckcUlTIpSarGb,brma (MMA) cMeBaHGgár sMrab;ry³eBl 10qñaM. bEnßmeTAeTot RbeTskUer:)anyl;RBmdkecjral;r)aMgminEmnBaNiC¢kmμ rYmTaMgkUtanaMcUl naExmkra qñaM2005. RbeTskUer: )ansnüabegáInkarnaMcUlGgár enAkMritGb,brmamYYy cab;BI 0 eTA 4° énkareRbIR)as;kñúgRsuk edIm,IeRtomlkçN³ sMrab;kareFVIesrIkm μTIpSarGgár. eRkamkic©RBmeRBogenH BMumanGgárRtUv)anlk;edaypÞal;eTAGñkeRbIR)as; dUcCaGgárEdlRtUv)annaMcUl RtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;Et plitCacMNIGahar. kñúgExFñÚ qñaM2004 kUer:)anpþl;sc©ab½nelIkarnaMcUlGgár edayBnüaeBl 10qñaM. karBnüaeBl)anGMBavnav[RbeTskUer:pþl;karnaMcUlGgárBIrdg elIbrimaNsrubnaMcUlrbs;xøÜn kñúgry³eBl 10 qñaMeRkay ¬BI 4° eTARbEhl 8° énkareRbIR)as;srub¦ karbegáInkUtaBI 225>575 etan kñúgqñaM2005 eTA 408>698 etan enAqñaM2014. CamYynwgRbeTskMNt;kUtaCak;lak (Country-Specific

Quota) kUer: )ansnüabBa¢aTij cMnYnGb,brma BIRbeTscin éfLg;d¾ nigGU®sþalI RbeTskUer: k¾)anyl; 6 karCUndMNwgcugeRkayBIkarRKb;RKgBn§kUta RtUv)anrkSaTukenAkñúgÉksar WTO G/AG/N/JPN/91 (10 mina 2004) nig G/AG/N/JPN/100 (13 kBaØa 2004¦. 7 RbBn½§énkarnaMcUlRsUvRtUv)anBN’nay:aglMGit enAkñúg JETRO (2003).

RBmbBa¢aTijpgEdr ya:gtic 50>076 etan BIGgárshrdæGaemrik erogral;qñaM kúñgryHeBl10qñaMCa bnþbnÞab; ¬taragTI14¦.

kUtasMrab;RbCaCatiEdlGnueRKaHbMput (MFN Quota) edayELkmYyRtUv)anbegáIteLIg Edl sMrab;kUtaenaH RbeTsTaMgGs; GacnaMcUl)an rYmTaMgRbeTsEdlkMNt;kUtaCak;lak;pgEdr (CSQ). eRkamkic©RBmeRBogBnüaeBl karnaMcUlGgárGaceFVIeTA)an sMrab;Gñklk;rayeTAeGayGñkeRbIR)as;kUer: sMrab;EtelIkTImYyb:ueNÑaH. karBnüaeBlenH )anGnum½t edayGgÁkar WTO kñúgExemsa qñaM2005 ehIy)anpþl;sc©ab½n edaysPaCatikUer: kñúgExvicäika qñaM2005. eTaHbICa karnaMcUlGgártamRck cUlTIpSarGb,brma (MMA) ya:gticekIncMnYnBIrdgkñúgqñaM 2014 k¾eday k¾karekIneLIgenHBMuman bTbBaØatiNa sMrab;karnaMcUlGgárelIskUtaeLIy. GRtaBn§CamYynwgkUta nwgenAEtsßitRtwm 5 PaKryCanic©. RbeTskUer: mansiT§ibBa©b;kUtaebIkcMhGb,brma nigdkecjGRtaBn§kUta enAcab;epþImqñaM NamYyéncenøaHqñaM2005 nigqñaM2014. RbsinebIRckcUlTIpSarGb,brma RtUv)anbBa©b;TMhMrbs; RbeTskMNt;kUtaCak;lak (CSQ) nwgpøas;bþÚreTACakUtaskl edayQrenAelImUldæanRbCaCatiEdl GnueRKaHbMput (MFN).

taragTI14³ brimaNcUlTIpSarGb,brma (MMA) sMrab;qñaM2005-2014 ¬Ékta³ etan Ggárkin¦ kalviPaKRbeTspþl;kUtaCak;lak; (CSQs) qñaM srub MFN kUta Quota srub shrdæGaemrik cin éfLg;d¾ GU®sþalI 2005 225>575 20>347 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 2006 245>922 40>694 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 2007 266>269 61>041 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 2008 286>616 81>388 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 2009 306>963 101>735 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 2010 327>310 122>082 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 2011 347>657 142>429 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 2012 368>004 162>776 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 2013 388>351 183>123 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030

2014 408>698 203>470 205>228 50>076 116>159 29>963 9>030 RbPB³ RksYgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT

kUer:xagt,Úg rkSarsiT§ibBa©b;kUtaebIkcMhGb,brma nigdkecjRbB½n§GRtaBn§kUta enAkñúgeBl cab;epþIménqñaMNamYy rvag qñaM2005 nigqñaM2014. RbsinRbB½n§GRtaBn§kUta RtUv)anGnum½t brimaNkUtaenA EtsßitkñúgkMritkUtaebIkcMhGb,brma enAeBlEdlkarbþÚreTACaRbB½n§GRtaBn§kUta (TRQ) mYyRtUv)an eFVIeLIg edayBMumankarbegáInEfmeTot enAkñúgqñaMeRkay²eTot. GRtaBn§kUta pþl;eGaysMrab;karnaMcUl eRkABIkUta nigkarelIsBIBn§kUta nwgRtUvKNnaedayeyagtamesckþIEN naMrbs; (URAA). RbsinebIkic© RBmeRBogsMerc)ankñúgvKÁcrcaCasklenARkugdUhasþIGMBIkarGPivDÆn_ GRtaBn§elIskUta nigTMhMGRtaBn§ kUta nwgRtUvpøas;bþÚr edIm,IeKarBtamviFanénkic©RBmeRBogvKÁcrca GPivDÆn_RkugdUha. kñúgRBwtþikarN¾ énkarpøas;bþÚreTACaRbB½n§GRtaBn§kUtamYy (TRQ) RbeTsEdlkMNt; kUtaCak;lak; nwgGacbBa©b; nigcMnYn kUtaTaMgmUl nwgRtUvebIkTUlaynUvkarnaMcUledayEp¥ktammUldæan RbCaCatiEdlGnueRKaHbMput (MFN).

GRtaBn§kUta (Tariff Rate Quotas) enAkñúgshrdæGaemrik³ shrdæGaemrik CaGñkplit GñknaMecj nigGñknaMcUl mYyFMCageKenAelIBiPBelak cMeBaHplitplksikm μ. kñúgqñaM2004 GRtaBn§GnuvtþmFüm sMrab;ksikmμ man 9/7° ¬mFümPaKrYmsMrab;plitpld¾éTeTotman 4° emIl CMBUk3¦ . rdæaPi)al TUTat;[GñkplitkrEpñkksikm μ CacMENkéncMNUlksidæansuT§ EdlFøak;cuHBI 48° kñúgqñaM2000 eTA 16° kñúgqñaM2004. fVIebI karFøak;cuHenH )anbgáreGaymankarekIneLIgkñúg cMENkTUTat;sarubrbs;rdæaPi)al enAkñúgrgVg;sgRtlb; nigkmμvIFITUTat;km©I cab;taMgBIkarGnum½tc,ab; vinieyaKCnbT nigsnþisuxksidæan naqñaM2002 mkemøH. karTUTat;BiessbnÞan; bnþpÁt;pÁg;[karTUTat; d¾éTeTotrbs;rdæaPi)al nigkarFanar:ab;rgksiplEdl]btßmÖedayrdæaPi)al.

taragBn§KyRsbKña rbs;shrdæGaemrik )anGnum½t edayc,ab;BaNiC¢kmμ nigkarRbkYtRbECg enAqñaM1988 ehIymanRbsiT§iPaBkñúgExmkra qñaM1989 . c,ab;enHEp¥kelImUldæankarBiBN’naTMnij

RsbKña nigRbB½n§elxkUt8 HS. taragBn§KyRsbKñaqñaM2004 RtUv)anCMnYsedayviesaFnkm μ qñaM2002 eTACa HS. taragBn§Kyman 10>304 bnÞat;Bn§Ky ehIymanelxrhUtdl; 8xÞg;9 (HS 8-digit). neya)ayTYeTArbs;shrdæGaemrik manenAkñúgEpñk126 énc,ab;BaNiC¢km μ qñaM1974 KW)anpþl; RbRBwtþikmμ GRtaBn§ MFN eTARKb;édKUBaNiC¢km μrbs;xøÜnTaMgGs;10. shrdæGaemrik GacGnum½tc,ab;Edlminpþl; RbRBwtþikmμGRtaBn§ MFN eTARbeTsBiess²mYycMnYy³ shrdæGaemrik GnuvtþRbRBwtþikmμGRtaBn§ MFN eTARKb;smaCikTaMgGs;rbs; WTO b:uEnþelIkElgsmaCik WTO mYy KW RbeTsKuy)a. CabEnßmeTot saFarN³rdæRbCaFibetyükUer: k¾BMu)anTTYlRbRBwtþikm μGRtaBn§ MFN BIshrdæGaemrikEdr. karnaMcUl BIRbeTsTaMgBIrenH KWtMrUv[man :GRta lkçnþik³ (statutory rate) : EdlGRtaenH KWCaGRtaEdl)ancgedayc,ab;Bn§Ky Smoot-Hawley naqñaM1930. RbRBwtþikmμ GRtaBn§ MFN RtUv)aneFVIeLIgvijsMrab;RbeTs Serbia and Montenegro kñúgExFñÚ qñaM2003 ehIysaFarN³rdæ RbCaFibetyüLavkñúgExkumÖ³ qñaM200511 .

r)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢km μ & Gnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y rbs;RbeTscin Cb:un kUer:xagt,Úg nigshrdæ Gaemrik

r)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢kmμ & Gnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y rbs;RbeTscin ³ taMgBIRbeTscin cUlGgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak RbeTscin)aneFVIkarEkERbrcnasm<½n§bTbBaØatirbs;xøÜn cMeBaH bTbBaØatibec©keTs nitiviFIvaytMélPaBRsbKña bTdæan (Standards) nigviFanGnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y. kñúgqñaM2001 RbeTscin)anbegáItkarRKb;RKgKuNPaBrdæ)alTUeTA karRtYtBinitü nigkarFana (AQSIQ) eGayenAeRkamRkumRbwkSardæ. karRKb;RKgKuNPaBrdæ)alTUeTA karRtYtBinitü nigkarFana (AQSIQ) KWCaGgÁkarrdæ)alfñak;RksYgEdlTTYlbnÞúkKuNPaBCati maRtsa®sþ

8taragBn§KyRsbKña RtUv)anbBa©ÚleTakñúgÉksarmYy Edlplit nigEkrsMrYlCaeTogTat; edayKN³km μaFikar GnþrCati nwgmanenAkñúgeKhTMB½rGinEfNit http:// www. usitc.gov/tata/hts/index.htm 9 bnÞat;Bn§TaMgLayEdlRsbeTAnwgGRtaenAkñúgkUta nigeRkAkUtaEdl)anGnuvtþcMeBaHplitpldUcKña RtUv)anrab;Et mYyb:ueNÑaH. 10 19 USC 2136 11 karcuHbBa¢IshB½n§ 68 FR 64410, 13 vicäika 2003 nig 70 FR 7319, 11 kumÖH 2005

karRtYtBinitüRckecj-cUl karFanaelIrukçCati nigstV viBaØbnb®½tkarTTYlsÁal;bTdæanbec©keTs nigkarRbtibtþic,ab;rdæ)al. bTbBaØatimYycMnYn sþIBIviBaØbnb®½tplitplcaM)ac;k¾)anRbkas[eRbIpg Edr viFanecjviBaØbnb®½trYmKñasMrab;karnaMcUl nigkarplitTMnijkñúgRsuk edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkarcat;fñak; plitplsMrab;viBaØbnb®½tcaM)ac; bTbBaØatibec©keTs bTdæan nItiviFIvaytMélPaBRsbKña pøaksBaØa nigéføQñÜl .

dUecñHehIy mkdl;RtwmExsIha qñaM2003 pøaksBaØaviBaØbnb®½tcaM)ac;rYmKñarbs;cin (CCC) sMrab; TaMgplitplEdlplitkñúgRsuk nignaMcUl )anCMnYsedaypøaksBaaØEdl)anGnuvtþknøgmk ¬pøaksBaØa CCIB sMrab;pliplEdleFVIBaNiC¢km μ nigpøaksBaØa GREAT WALL sMrab;plitpl kñúgRsuk¦. eyagtamesckþICUndMNwg rbs;RbeTscin eTAGgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak eRkammaRta XV.2 énkic©RBmeRBogr)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢km μ Pñak;garrdæaPi)almYycMnYnFMCab;Bak;Bn½§kñúgkarbegáIt bTbBaØatþibec©keTs ¬rYmTaMgbTbBa¢asþg;danana¦ rYmTaMg AQSIQ NDRC rdæ)alKyTUeTA rdæ)al cMNIGahar nig»sfrdærbs;RbeTscin nigRksYgmYycMnYneTot12. kEnøgsaksYr nigpþl;Bt’man BIr)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢kmμ & Gnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y rbs;RbeTscin KWenAkñúg AQSIQ

ehIyGaCJaFrEdleFVIesckþICUndMNwg KWenAkñúgRksYgBaNiC¢kmμ . rdæ)alsþg;darrbs;RbeTscin (SAC) )anbegáItedayRkumRbwkSardæ kñúgExemsa qñaM2001

edIm,Icat;Ecgkargarsþg;darkñúgRbeTscin. enAkñúgRbeTscin mansþg;dar 4 RbePT³ sþg;darCati sþg;darEpñk sþg;dartMbn; nigsþg;darshRKas. sþg;darCatiRtUv)anEklMGr sMrab;tMrUvkarbec©keTs EdlRtUvkarGnum½tedaysPaCati. sþg;darEpñk RtUv)anGPivDÆneLIgenAeBlBMumansþg;darCati k¾b:uEnþ kartMrUveGaymanbec©keTsrYmKñanana RtUvtMrUveGayeTAtamEpñkviC¢aCIv³c,as;las;mYyenAkúñgkMritCati. sþg;dartMbn;GacEklMGeTA)anenAeBlEdlsþg;darCati b¤sþg;darEpñk BMuGacGnuvtþ)an k¾b:uEnþkartMrUv eGaymanrYmKñasMrab;suvtßiPaB nigGnam½yénplitpl]sSahkmμRtUvtMrUv[manenAkñúgtMbn;. sþg;dar CatidUcKñamYyRtUv)anGPivDÆn_ sþg;darenH CMnYssþg;dartMbn; nigsþg;darEpñk. sþg;darshRKasGaceFVI karEklMGenAkñúgshRKasmYy enAeBlEdlsþg;darCati sþg;darEpñk nigsþg;dartMbn;BMuGacGnuvtþ eTA)an. müa:geTot shRKasmYyRtUv)anelIkTwkcitþ TTYlyksþg;darCati sþg;darEpñk nigsþg;dartMbn;

12 bBa¢Id¾eBjeljmYy RtUv)anpþl;enAkñúgÉksar WTO G/TBT/2/Add. 65, 29 mkra 2002.

RbsinebIeKGacGnuvtþeTA)an. kñúgRKb;RbePT sþg;darCati sþg;darEpñk nigsþg;dartMbn; mansþg;darsμR½Kcitþ nigsþg;darbTbBa¢a13. bc©úb,nñmanRbmaN 14° énsþg;darCatiCasþg;darbTbBa¢a ehIyPaKryenH BMumankarERbRbYltaMgBIqñaM2000. BMumanTinñn½y sþIGMBIPaKryénsþg;darEpñk nig sþg;dartMbn;EdlCasþg;dar bTbBa¢aeLIy. CabEnßmeTot ÉksarENnaMbec©keTsCati GacRtUv)anEklMGkñúgtMbn;mYycMnYnEdl bec©kviC¢akMBugpøas;bþÚry:agelOn ehIysþg;darnana GacRtUv)anGPivDÆn_ y:agelOnCageBlEdlykmk GPivDÆsþg;darCatieTAeTot.

GaCJaFreFVIesckþICUndMNwgeTA WTO rbs;RbeTscin Bak;B½n§nwgGnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y KWRksYgBaNiC¢km μ. kariyal½ysYrBt_man nigpþl;Bt_man eRkamkfaxN½Ð 3 én]bsm<½n§ x sþIBIkic©RBmeRBog SPS manTIkEnøgenAkñúg AQSIQ. eyagtamGaCJaFr eRkamc,ab; nigbTbBaØati Bak;Bn½§ manviFIsa®sþ 3 )andak;ecj edIm,IRtYtBinitüenARBMEdnsMrab;TMnijEdltMrUvkarviFan SPS. kñúgviFIsa®sþTImYy GaCJaFrenARBMEdn GacGnuBaØat[TMnijcUl eRkayeBleFVIGFikarkic©ÉksarsMxan;² mYycMnYn. bnÞab;mkkareFVIGFikarkic© SPS EdleFVIeLIgedayGaCJaFr SPS sMxan;² KWenATIkEnøg eKaledAcugeRkayenAkñúgRbeTsEtmþg kñúgkrNIenH TMnijGacCMrHbBa¢IKytaméf¶bnÞab;. eRkam viFIsa®sþTIBIr kareFVIGFikarkic©enARBMEdn)aneFVIeday { srIragÁTTYldwg; :14 bnÞab;mkkareFVIGFikarkic© SPS )anGnuvtþdUcmankñúgviFIsa®sþTImYyenAnwgTIkEnøgeKaledAcugeRkayEtmþg eRkam viFIsa®sþenH karCMrHbBa¢IKyeFVIeLIgrvag 3 eTA 5éf¶. eRkamviFIsa®sþTIbI kareFVIGFikarkic© SPS

13 eyageTAtambTbBa¢asMrab;karGnuvtþ énc,ab;sþg;dar sþgdarbTbBa¢a manTMnak;TMngeTAnwg³ »sf Ganam½yes,óg Gahar nigeBTüstV/ suvtßPaB nigsþgdarGanam½ysMrab;plitpl nigplitkmμ karsþúTuk nigkardwkCBa¢Ún nigkar eRbIR)as;plitpl/ sþgdar sMrab;suvtßPaBénkargar nigGnam½y nigsuvtßPaBsþg;darsMrab;kardwkCBa¢Ún/ KuNPaB suvtßPaB nigsþgdarénsuxaPi)alsMrab; : KMeragsMNg : nigsþg;dard¾éTeTotsMrab; : KMeragsMNg; : EdlRtUv)anRtYt Binitüedayrdæ/ bTdæansMrab;bM)at;ecalnUvPaBkxVk;EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarkarBarbrisßan nigsþg;darsMrab;KuNPaB brisßan/ sBaØaNbec©keTssMxan;² nimitþsBaØa kUd nigBRgagviFIsaRsþenAkñúgkareRbIR)as;CarYm/ sþg;dasMrab;viFIsa®sþ Edl)aneRbIR)as;rYmKñaenAkñúgkarRsavRCav nigkarRtYtBinitü/ sþgdarsMrab;brivtþn_ nigsMrbsMrYl/ nig sþgdarKuNPaB sMrab;plitplsMxan;²EdltMrUveGayrdæRtYtBinitü. 14 GCJaFrRtUUvBnül;fa karGFirkarkic©enH RtUv)anGnuvtþedaymRnþIKyedayeRbIR)as;nUvsrIragÁTTYldwgrbs;eK.

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tMrUvkarpøaksBaØa)anbBa¢ak;eRkamc,ab;sþg;dar c,ab;Gnam½ymðÚmGahar )anGnum½tenAéf¶TI30 Extula qñaM1995 nigc,ab;sþIGMBIKuNPaBplitpl )anGnum½tenAéf¶TI 22 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM1993 ehIy)an eFVIviesaFnkm μenAéf¶TI 22 Exkkáda qñaM2000. eRkamc,ab;TaMgenH RKb;plitplEdllk;kñúg RbeTscin RtUvEtmanpøaksBaØaCaPasacin. pøaksBaØaRtUvBt’nakñúgenaHman eQμaH nigpøaksBaØa BaNiC¢km μénplitpl RbePTénmðÚbGahar eQμaHeragcRk nigGas½ydæan RbPBedImTMnij smasFatupSM edIm,IbBa¢ak;BITMgn; TMhM TMgn;Bit TMhMpÞúk kalbriecäTplit manKuNPaBmunéf¶ b¤kalbriecäTputkMNt; karENnaMBIrebobeRbIelxsMKal;plitpl nigelxkUtsþg;darBak;B½n§. Bt’manGacpþl;CaPasabreTs pgEdr eTaHbICaBt’manénkarBiBN’nalMGitRtUvpþl;CaPasacink¾eday.

r)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢kmμ & Gnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y rbs;RbeTsCb:un³ Cb:un)anbnþ karRbwgERbgrbs;xøÜneq<aHeTArkPaBRsbKñaénsþg;dar nigbTbBaØatibec©keTsGnþrCati. kñúgqñaM2005 sþg;darsμR½KcitþCb:unman 9>727 sþg;dar]sSahkmμ (JIS) nig 215 sþg;darksikm μ (JAS). RbEhl 93° énsþg;dar]sSahkm μ (JIS) RtUvKñaCamYysþg;darGnþrCati qñaM2005 eLIgBI 92° kñúgqñaM200415 . cenøaHrvagkñúgExemsa qñaM2005 nigExmina qñaM2006 sþg;dar]sSahkm μ (JIS) 510RtUv)anEksMrYl 141 RtUv)andkecj nig267 RtUv)anbegáItfμ IkñúgkMLúgeBldUcKña sþg;darksikmμ (JAS) 34 RtUv)an EksMrYl 15RtUv)andkecj nig5 RtUv)anbegáItfIμ.

Cb:un)anEksRmYleLIgvij enAkaksMNl;KImIksikm μCaGtib,rmarbs;xøÜn ¬]TahrN_³ fñaMsmøab; stVl¥it cMNIstV nigfñaMBüa)alstV ¦ eRkamRbB½n§bB¢aIviC¢man sRmab;CIKImI enAkñúgcMNIGahar enAkñúgEx ]sPa qñMa2006. bBa¢IénkarminFanaCMgWrukçCaticéRg RtUv)anEktRmUvkñúgEx emsa qñaM2005 nig kñúgExkkáda qñaM 2006 )anbEnßm 46 nigCMgWrukçCaticéRg 34 eTot. KN³km μakarsuvtßiPaB mðÚbGahar 15 edIm,IsMrbsMrYlnUvsuxkþúmnIykm μeGaymanRbsiT§iPaBkan;EteRcIneLIgEfmeToténbTdæanCati CamYynwg GnþrCatimYy KNkm μakar JIS )anTTYlyk nUvEpnkarskmμPaBenAkñúgEx mifuna 2004. EpnkarenH)anbBa¢ak; nUvEpñkényuT§sa®sþnana enAkñúgsuxkþúmnIykm μGnþrCati nig)anbriyayenAtYnaTIénGñkcUlrYmmñak;² ¬]sSahkmμ nigvis½yÉkCn¦enAkñúgPaBlMGit.

RtUv)aneFVIkarvaytémøBIsuvtßiPaBénkarEkERbmðÚbGahar ¬Gahar GM¦ cab;taMgBIqñaM 200316. KN³kmμakar )anGPivDÆnUvsþg;darsMrab;karvaytémøsuvtßiPaBmðÚbGahar GM nigcMNIstV Edl)anplitedaysrIragÁtUc² GM CaeRcIn nigneya)aysRmab;karvaytémøsuvtßiPaBRKab;FBaØCati GM

ehIyRKab;FBaØCatiGahar GM nigcMNIstV GM EdlGacbgáeGaymanCatiBul. pøaksBaØamðÚbGaharkñúgRbeTsCb:un KWtRmUvtamsþg;darksikmμCb:un (JAS) nigc,ab;Gnam½ymðÚb

Gahar. bTbBa¢abec©keTsTaMgGs;cMnYn 63 RtUv)anGnuvtþ Ep¥kelImUldæanc,ab;sþg;darksikm μCb:un (JAS). TaMgenHman ³ sþg;darpøaksBaØaRbePTKuNPaB sMrab;EkécñmðÚbGahar mðÚbGaharRss; nig karEkERbmðÚbGahar sþg;darpøaksBaØaKuNPaBedayELk nigsþg;darsMrab;pliplksikm μsrIragÁ nig mðÚbGaharEkécñsrIragÁ. sþg;darpøaksBaØaRbePTKuNPaB RtUv)anpþl;RKb;mðÚbGahar nigePsC¢³ elIkElgeRKOgRsvwg nig]isfBüa)alCMgWecj. mðÚbGaharRss; RtUvmanpøaksBaØa KWeQ μaH nigTIkEnøgplit. mðÚbGaharEkécñ RtUvmanpøaksBaØa KWeQ μaHtaragsmasFatupSM TMgn;Bit kalbriecäTénKuNPaBCaGtibrma b¤k¾kalbriecäTeRbIR)as; karENnaMBIrebobrkSaTuk ehIyeQμaHnig Gas½ydæaneragcRk RBmTaMgRbeTs RbPBedImcMeBaHplitplnaMcUl.

pøaksBaØad¾Cak;lak;tMrUv[pþl;eGay dUcCapøaksBaØasþg;dar sMrab;plitmYymux²Ep¥kelIcarik lkçN³rbs;va. mðÚbGaharmYycMnYn EdlmanpÞúkembEnßmRtUvEtmanpøaksBaØapgEdr edaymaneQμaH RKb;embEnßmEdl)andak;elImðÚbGaharenaH. plitplEkécñEdlnaMcUlBIbreTs RtUv)anelIkElgBI pøaksBaØabTbBa¢aEdlbBa¢ak;BIRbPBedIm nigsmasFatupSM. RKb;plitplksikm μsrIragÁ nig mðÚbGaharEkécñBIksikm μsrIragÁ Edllk;kñúgRbeTsCb:un RtUvEtepÞópÞat;KñaCamYysþg;darksikm μsrIragÁ Cb:un JAS nigdak;pøakfa JAS srIragÁ. kardak;pøakmðÚbGaharfa {srIragÁ} RtUvkarviBaØbnRbt½bBa¢ak;BI GgÁPaBcuHbBa¢I (RCB) b¤k¾bBa¢ak;BIGgÁPaBcuHbBa¢IeRkARbeTs (ROCB) famðÚmGaharBitCaRKb;tam lkçxN½Ðsþg;darksikm μCb:un JAS BitR)akdEmn. manEtmðÚmGaharEdlTTYlviBaØabnb½Rt Etb:ueNþaH EdlGnuBaØateGayEbgEckCamYypøaksBaØasrIragÁ JAS.

16 KNkmμaFikarsuvtßiPaBes,og RtUv)anbegáIteLIgeRkammUldæanc,ab;suvtßiPaBes,ogenAkúñgkariyal½y ]uTÞkarl½yedIm,IeFVIkarvaytMélhaniP½y.

pøaksBaØabTbBa¢a sMrab;EkERbmuxmðÚbGahar sßiteRkambTbBaØati nigc,ab;Gnam½ymðÚbGahar nigc,ab;sþg;darksikmμCb:un (JAS) kñúgtaragbBa¢Ibc©úb,nñman 7muxksipl ¬sENþkesog (Soybean) eBat (Corn) rukçCatimü:agsMrab;eFVIeRbg (Rape) RKab;BUC (Seeds) dMLÚg)araMg (Potatoes) RKab;BUCkb,as (Cotton seeds) Gal;Pal;hVa (Alfalfa) nigéffavEp¥m (Sugar beet)¦ nigmðÚbGaharEkécñ ¬mðÚbGaharEkécñ 32RbePT EdleRCIserIs¦ PaKeRcIneFVIBIsENþkesog b¤k¾RKab; FBaØCati1717. RksYgsuxaPi)al Blkmμ nigsuxumalPaB minGnuBaØat[naMcUlmðÚbGahar (GM) EdlBMueKarBtamsuvtißPaBrbs;xøÜneLIy. c,ab;RtYtBinitüplitplksikm μ tMrUveGayRtYtBinitübTbBa¢a énGgár RsUvsalI nigRsUv)alI k¾dUcCasENþkesogpgEdr.

r)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢kmμ & Gnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y rbs;RbeTskUer:xagt,Úg³ eKal bMNgénkic©RBmeRBogr)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢kmμrbs;GgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak KWelIkTwkcitþkar GPivDÆn_sþg;darGnþrCati nigPaBRsbKñaénnitiviFIvaytMél edIm,IRKaMRTdl;esrIkm μBaNiC¢km μGnþr³Cati xN³Edlsþg;dar nigbTbBaØatbec©keTsBuM)anbegáIt]bsKÁd¾cMa)ac;NamYydl;BaNiC¢kmμGnþrCati eLIy. sMrab;tmøaPaB nigplRbeyaCn_ kUer:EtgtaMgkariyal½ypþl;-TTYlBtm_man cMnYn4 tamvis½y epSg²Kña nigtamplitpl ¬plipl]sSahkmμ sMrab;RksYgBaNiC¢km μ ]sSahkmμ nigfamBl/ plitplksikmμ sMrab;RksYgksikmμ nigrukçaRbmaj;/ plitplensaT sMrab;RksYgsmuRT nigClpl/ sMrab;Gnam½ymðÚbGahar nigpliplsMGagkay sMrab;RksYgsuxaPi)al nigsuxumalPaB¦.

kariyal½ypþl;-TTYlBt’manTaMgenH eqøIytbeTAkariyal½ypþl;-TTYlBt’maneRkARbeTseTA elIsþg;dar bTbBaØatbec©keTs nigRbBn½§GaCJabN½ÑEdlmanRsab; nigEdl)anesñIeLIg rYmTaMgesckþICUn dMNwgBIr)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢km μrbs;kUer:rbs;kic©RBmeRBogr)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢km μénGgÁkarBaNiC¢km μBiPBelak (WTO TBT). kUer:)aneFVIdUckñúgnamCasmaCik WTO mYyEdr KW)anCUndMNwgénkar pøas;bþÚrbTbBaØatbec©keTs nignItiviFIvaytMélPaBRsbKña ehIyCasmaCik WTO kUer:CasmaCik segátkareKalkarN¾minerIseGIg kñúgkarGnuvtþbTbBaØatbec©keTs nignitiviFIvaytMélPaBRsbKña dUcKñacMeBaHplitpl kñúgRsuk nigplitplnaMcUlEdlmanRbPBepSg²Kña .

17 bBa¢IenHRtUv)anEkrERbCaerogral;qñaM.

taMgBIbegáItGgÁkarBaNiC¢km μBiPBelak (WTO) rdæaPi)alkUer: )anEkERbviFan SPS CaeRcIn edIm,IeGayRsbKñaCamYysþg;dar karENnaM nigGnusasn_epSg²Edl)anRbkas[eRbIeday CODEX, OIE

nig IPPC. kUer:TTYlsÁal; nUvtMbn;EdlBuMmanstVcéRg nigCMgWeRkayBIkareFVIkarvaytMél rbs;RbeTsnaMecj. sMrab;tmøaPaB nigRbsiT§iPaB kUer:eRCIserIsGaCJaFreFVIesckþICUndMNwg enARksYgkarbreTs nigBaNiC¢kmμ.

r)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢kmμ & Gnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y rbs;shrdæGaemrik³ kñúgkarGnuvtþ kic©RBmeRBog Gnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y r)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢kmμrbs;GgÁkar BaNiC¢km μBiPBelak KWCakarsMerccitþd¾TUlMTUlaymYyeday (CODEX Alimentarius Commission “Codex”). maRtaTI 3 énkic©RBmeRBog Gnam½y nigPUtKÁamGnam½y )anEcgfasþg;darsuxPaBCati mYy sMrab;mðÚbGahar RtUv)ansm μt;eBjc,ab;RbsinebIvaRsbKñaeTAnwgsþg;dar karENnaM nigGnusasn_ EdlbegáIteday CODEX. sþg;darCatimYyEdlpþl;kMritkarkarBarx<s;Cag CODEX KWCa {r)aMgBaNiC¢kmμ} mYy luHRtaEt WTO sMercfasþg;darCatid¾RtwmRtUv RtUvEp¥kelImUldæanvaytMél smrmümYyEdlbMePøIfasþg;dar CODEX karENnaM rWk¾Gnusasn_ BuM)anpþl;[)anRKb;RKan;nUvkarkarBar b¤k¾RbeTsenaHbBa¢ak;faman sþg;darCalkçNviTüasa®sþc,as;las;epSgeTot. maRtaTI 2>4 énkic© RBmeRBogr)aMgbec©keTs BaNiC¢km μ )anEcgfaRbeTsTaMgenaH KYrEteRbIR)as; CODEX b¤sþg;dar GnþrCatiepSgeTot {elIkElg sþg;darGnþrCatimYycMnYn b¤Epñkd¾sMxan;nana EdlGtßn½yminman RbsiT§iPaB rWk¾minsmrmüsMrab;bMeBj { eKaledAeBjc,ab; } mYy.

PaBRtUvKñaCamYysþg;dar KWminEmnCakarTamTareGayeBjc,ab;mYyeLIy b:uEnþkñúgkarGnuvtþenA TIpSarshrdæGaemrik Cajwkjab;EtgEtpþl;karelIkTwkcitþnanay:agxøaMg sMrab;plitnaMcUl nig plitplkñúgRsukEdlmansþg;darCak;lak;. enAkñúgc,ab;kic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢km μ qñaM1979 Pñak;gar rdæaPi)alshBn½§RtUvtMrUv[ {sMercTTYlyk} nUvsþg;darGnþrCati enAeBlGPivDÆn_sþg;dar ehIy RbsinebIsmRsb KWEp¥kelIsþg;darGnþrCati 18. karelIkElgRtUv)anTTYlfaRsbKñaedaycab;epþIm 18 19 USC 2532 rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgc,ab; nigbTbBaØatENnaMEdlecjedaykariyal½yfvikar nigRKb;RKg rYmTaMg katBVkic©sMrab;BicarNa\T§iBlBaNiC¢km μ nigvaytMélnUvplTaMgLayénkareRbIR)as;sþg;daGnþrCatisMxan;². ¬emIl Éksar WTO G/TBT/W258, 26 tula 2005.

BIsþg;darGnþrCati rYmTaMgtMrUvkarsnþisuxCati karkarBarénkarRbtibtþixus karkarBarsuxPaB b¤suvtßiPaB mnusS stV b¤CÍvitrukçCati b¤suxPaB b¤k¾brisßan briyakasmansar³sMxan; b¤ktþaPUmisa®sþepSgeTot nigbBaðabec©kviTüaEdlmansar³sMxan;nana19. c,ab;)ankMNt;sþg;darGnþrCatimYy dUcsþg;darmYycMnYn eTotEdlTTYlsÁal;edayGgÁkarmYy {smaCikPaBEdlebIkcMhsMrab;tMNagmkBIsaFarN³ b¤k¾ÉkCn rbs;shrdæGaemrik ehIyya:gticRKb;smaCik WTO nigEdlfaRtUv)ansnüakñúgskm μPaBTak;Tg sþg;darGnþrCati}20. g> karkRmitkñúgRsuk nigbNþajTIpSar 1- rcnasm<½n§Tak;TgeTAnwgkarplitRsUv karkRmiténRKab;BUC karplitRsUvBwgEp¥kCasMxan;eTAelIBUC. manBUCCaeRcInRbePTEdlpþl; nUvTinñplx<s; nigFnnwgCMgW)anl¥RtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaysßab½nsMxan;²mYycMnYndUcCa CARDI nig Rkumh‘unÉkCn xøHeTot. CARDI begáIt)anBUCcMnYn 37RbePT manCaGaf’ IR66 páarMdYl EsnBiedar EdlBUCTaMgenHmankarniymcUlcitþBIGñkeRbIR)as;CaTIbMput nigBUCmYyRbePTeTotKW nagmøi³ rbs; Rkumh‘unGgÁrksikm μrugerOg KImanPaBl,Il,ajpgEdrkñúgkar naMecjeTAeRkARbeTs. ebIeTaHbICaBUC eRcInRbePTRtUv)anbegáIteLIgk¾eday k¾ksikrenAminTan;TTYlykeRbIR)as;eGay)anTUlMTUlayeLIy BYkKat;enAEtniymeRbIR)as;BUCBIbUraNrbs;Kat; ehIyEtgEtrkSaBUCTaMgenaHsMrab;rdUvdaMduHxagmux eTot21. CaTUeTAkareRbIR)as;BUCBIbUraN EtgEtpþl;pþl;nUvTinñplTabCagBUCEdlEdl)anbegáItfμ I ¬BUCBIbUraNpþl;TinñplEt 2/2etanbu:eNÑaHkñúg 1hicta22 ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgBUCEdleKbegáItfμ I EdlmanTinñplCamFüm BI6 eTA 7 etan kñúg1hicta23¦. müa:gvijeTot ksikr nigRbCaCnExμr

19 19 USC 2532 20 19 USC 2571

21 JICA- JICA )a:n;RbmaNfa RbEhl 4 eTA 5 PaKry énRsUvEdlRbmUl)anRtUv)anTuksMrab;eFVICaBUCbnþ 22 CARDI- kñugkrNImankarRKb;RKgl¥ 23 Young Raab- AQIP ¬KMeragbegáInKuNPaBksikm μ qñaM2002 ¦

enAEtniymcUlcitþRsUvbUraN CaBiessRsUvrdUvvsSa sRmab;kareRbIR)as;pÞal; nigdaMduHRsUv epSgeTot sMrab;eFVIkarnaMecj. GBa©wgehIy eyIgkt;sMKal;eXIjfa enAeBlNabrimaNnaMecjticCagbrimaN eRbIR)as;kñúgRsuk eFVIeGaykareRbIR)as;BUCEdl)anGPivDÆn_fμ I nwgenAmankRmit. karkRmitnUvkareRbIR)as;CI nigfñaMsmøab;stVl¥it TinñplTabGaRs½ymYyEpñkeTAelIkar eRbIR)as;CImin)anl¥24. CakarBitNas; kalNaTinñpl RsUvmankMritTab eKRtUvkarbrimaNCICaeRcInedIm,IbegáInnUvplitPaB. bu:EnþkarEdlGaceRbIR)as;CI)an KWvakRmiteday ehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigbBaðafvika. ksikrCaeRcIn)aneRbIR)as;CIkñúgkrNIEdlBYkKat; manluykat;enAsl;RKb;RKan;Etb:ueNÑaH BIeRBaHEtCImantémøéføKWcab;BI 28>000 eTA 55>000 erol kñúgmYy)avTm¶n; 50 K>k. müa:gvijeTotplvi)akrbs;ksikrkñúgkareRbIR)as;plitplKImI dUcCa CI nigfñaMsmøab;stVl¥it KWedayehtufa viFIENnaMeGayeRbIR)as;eRcInEtsresredayPasabreTs minEmn CaPasaEx μrCaehtueFVIeGayksikrminyl;BIkareRbIR)as;eGay)anRtwmRtUv. ksikrxVHkaryl;dwgGMBI karGnuvtþn_eGay)anRtwmRtUv nigBIeRKaHfñak;epSg²énkarlayplitplKImICamYyKña. elIsBIenaHeTot buKÁlwkbMerIkareGay CARDI )anmanRbsasfa plitplCIxøHK μankarFanaRtwmRtUvBIKuNPaBeLIy BIeRBaHplitplTaMgenaHeRcInEtplitecjBIkEnøgEdleKminsÁal; nigKμankarRtYtBinitüRtwmRtUv nigEtg Etlk;dUredayQμ ÜjxilxUcEdlKμankarTTYlxusRtUv CaehtubNþaleGaymankarxUcxatdl;dMNaMRsUv k¾dUcCaKuNPaBdIFøI. karkRmiténRbB½n§eRsacRsB plitplRsUvPaKeRcInKW)anmkBIRbB½n§plitkmμeRsacRsBedayTwkePøóg. tMbn;daMduHRsUvCag 90°sßitenAkñúgtMbn;valTMnab. eKdaMduHRsUveTAtamRbePTéndIehIynwgGnuelamtamkMriténTwkePøóg. kareRbIR)as;RbB½n§eRsacRsBenAmankMritenAeLIy. manEt13° éntMbn;daMduHRsUvenARsukEx μr b:ueNÑaH EdlmanRbB½n§eRsacRsB b¤k¾GacbMeBjnUvkareRsacRsB)ankñúgrdUvR)aMg ¬ skþanuBlénRbB½n§ SRI

sMrab;km<úCaedayelak Jurgen Anthofer. Ep¥kelIkar)a:n;sμanBITMhMénskþanuBl énRbPB eRsacRsB rbs;RbeTskm<úCaeXIjfa sBVéf¶enHkm<úCaeRbIR)as;RtwmEt 50 - 60 ° b:ueNÑaHénRbPB eRsacRsB.

24 Cambodia-IRRI – KMerag rbs;GU®sþalI qñaM 1999 TMB½r 169

épÞdIrhUtdl;eTA 1/67lan hicta GaceRsacRsB)anBRbsinebIkm<úCaeRbIeGayGs; lT§PaBelIépÞTwk Edlman25. manRbPBxusKñaCaeRcInénRbB½n§eRsacRsBksikmμenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa. eyagtamsßiti pøÚvkar RbB½n§eRsacRsBTaMgGs;RKbdNþb;elIépÞdIrhUtdl; 358>388hicta enAqñaM2003 Edlesμ Inwg10° éntMbn;daMduHTaMgGs;enAkñúgqñaMenaH26. Etya:gNak¾mankarGHGag epSgeTotBIkar sikSarbs;rdæaPi)alEdlfa RbB½n§eRsacRsBenaHmanrhUtdl; 16°. RkumGñksikSaRsavRCavEdl ]btßmeday FnaKarBiPBelak)anEføgfa manRbB½n§reRsacRsB 946 kEnøgkñúgRbeTs km<úCaEdlGacRKbdNþb;elIépÞdI 256>000 hictaenArdUvvsSa nig 143>000 hicta enArdUvR)aMg Edles μ Inwg 2° énépÞdIRbeTskm<úCasrub27. mantMbn;mYycMnYneRbIR)as;RbPBTwkeRkamdIsMrab;kareRsacRsB dUcCa extþéRBEvg extþsVayerog extþtaEkv nigextþ)at;dMbgCaedIm b:uEnþeKeCOfa eRbIR)as;RbPBTwkeRkamdIsMrab; eRsavRsBksikmμ KWminRbesIeLIyedaysarTwkmanKuNPaBTab nigmrimaNminRKb;RKan;28. RksYgFnFanTwk nig]tuniym

MOWRAM bgðajeGayeXIjfakgVHénkarvinieyaKkñúgRbB½n§ eRsacRsBfμI karmankMriténfvika kñúgkarRbtibtþikar nigEfrkSaelIKeRmagEdlmanRsab; kgVHnUvkar RsavRCavksikmμ nigesvaTUlMTUlay kñúgkarCRmujRbBlvb,kmμplitkmμenAkñúgtMbn;eRsacRsB ehIy nwgkgVH»kaskñúgkarTTYl)anplcMeNj BIBaNiC¢km μénplitplksikmμ KWCakarkRmitd¾sMxan;eTAnwg karGPivDÆn_29. bBaðad¾sMxan;EdlelIkeLIgedayksikrCaeRcIn KWkgVHfvika. ksikrRtUvkarfvikaredIm,IBRgIknUv tMbn;daMduH b¤k¾begáInnUvplitPaBrbs;BYkKat;. b:uEnþRbPBénfvikarbs;BYkKat;enAmankMrit. dUecñHksikr minGaccMNayluyCaeRcIneTAelIvalERsrbs;eKeLIyGBa©wgehIyksikrCaeRcIndaMduHRsUvedayBwgEp¥k eTAelIlk½çx½NÐçFmμCatiEtb:ueNÑaH.kñúgkrNIEdlRtUveRbIR)as;luyCabnÞan; ¬dUcCa TijCI fñaMsMlab; stVl¥it ehIyCYnkaleRbIsMrab;kareRsacRsBedIm,Ise®gÁaHRsUvkñúgkrNIraMgs¶Üt¦ CaTUeTAksikr EtgEteTAx©Ibul luyBIBaNiC¢kr Qμ ÜjkNþal b¤k¾m©as;ma:suInkinRsUv EdlRtUvsgRtLb;eTAeKvij Casac;R)ak;

25 kic©smÖasCamYyRkumsikSaRsavRCavrbs; FnaKarBiPBelak enAExkkáda qñaM2002 26 RksUgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT / CAMinfo version 2 27 AgriFood Consulting International 28 World Bank Study Team Interview July 2002 29 The Ministry of Water Resource and Meteorology

b¤k¾TUTat;CaRsUvenAeBlEdlRcUtkat;rYc . enAeBlxøH ksikrbgçcitþeTAx©IluyBIGñkcgkar R)ak;kñúgkMriGRta BI 20 eTA 40° kñúgmYyEx EdlGRtaenHCaGRtamYyd¾x<s;30. GRtakarR)ak;x<s; eFVIeGayksikr)at;bg; Gs;enAkMritcMeNjrbs;Kat;. dUecñHkgVHxatnUvfvikareFVIeGayraMgsÞHdl;kar begáIneLIgénplitplRsUv enAkm<úCa.

2- karEkécñGgár nigbBaðaKuNPaB eragma:suInkinRsUv RbtibtþikarkinRsUvk¾rab;faCab;Bak;B½n§pgEdrenAkñúgplitkmμGgárkñúgRbeTskm<úCa eRBaHm©as; eragma:suInCaeRcInCab;Bak;B½n§CamYynwgkareFVIBaNiC¢kmμelIGgár KWBYkKat;CaGñuknaMecjGgáredaypÞal; b:uEnþBYkKat;RbQmmuxnwgkarlM)akmYycMnYnCasMxan; dUcCa³ -kgVHxatmUlFn ³ karKμanmUlFnRKb;RKan;KWCakarraMgsÞHmYyeTAelIlT§PaBrbs;m©as;eragma:suIn kinRsUvkñúgkarRbmUlTijRsUvenAkñúgrdUvRcUtkat;edIm,IsþúkTuk kareFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvbec©kviTüakñúgkar kinRsUv kareFVITMenIbkmμeTAelIsmÖar³rbs;BYkeK k¾dUcCakarBRgIknUvsmtßPaBkinRsUv rbs;BYkeKEdr. -KuNPaBRsUvTab ³ RsUvCaeRcInRtUv)aneFVImkBIBUCcMruHCaeRcInRbePT elIsBIenaHeTotK μan karEfrkSa)anl¥eRkayBIRcUtkat;rYc CaBiess karhalsMgYtmin)anRKb;RKan; EdlCaehtueFVIeGay karkinmankMrit)ak;x<s;EdleFVIeGaykarlk;enAkñúgTIpSarmin)anl¥. -bec©kviTüakinRsUvmankMritTab ³ eragma:suInkinRsUvPaKeRcInenAeRbIR)as;]bkrN_cas;² hYssm½yenAeLIyeFVIeGayGRtaGgárEdl)anmkmankMritTabebIeFobeTAnwgRbeTsCitxag ¬sUmemIl taragelx 15¦ . manEteragma:sIunkinRsUv BIrEtb:ueNÑaH KW mYyCarbs; Rkumh‘unGgÁrksikmμrugerOg nigmYyeTotCarbs; Rkumh‘unEm:n sarun Edlcat;Tukfamansþg;dax<s; nig manma:suInTMenIb b:uEnþenA minTan;bMeBj)antamtRmUvkarrbs;sþg;daBiPBelakenAeLIy CaBiesskarb:UlIGgáreGaysl¥ EdlRtUv karfvikaCaeRcInsRmab;TijsmÖar³TMenIb²TaMgenaH. -témøEkécñx<s; ³ témøénkarkinRsUvCaGgármankMritx<s;ebIeFobCamYynwgRbeTsCitxag edaysarEttémøeRbg nig GKÁIsnIenAkñúgRsukeyIgx<s;. 30 World Bank Study Team Interview July 2002

-lT§PaBcUlkñúgTIpSarTab ³ m©as;eragma:suInkinRsUvTaMgLay xVHlT§PaBkñúgkarlk;cUl eTAkñúgTIpSarBiPBelakBIeRBaHEtminGacbMeBj)aneTAtamtRmUvkarkm μg;TijCaRbcaMrbs;GtifiCn. eTaHbICaKat;GacrkTIpSar)ank¾edayk¾Kat;mankarBi)akkñúgkarrkGgárEdlmanKuNPaB nigbrimaN RKb;RKan;edIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkarbBa¢aTijrbs;GtifiCnEdr31. elak enA saerOn CaGnuRbFan EpnkarénRkumh‘un Em:n sarun )anmanRbsasn_fa karEsVgrkTIpSarminEmnCabBaðaeT b:uEnþbBaða sMxan; KWeyIgminGacpÁt;pÁg;eTAtamtRmUvkarTIpSar)an. dUecñHeyIgeXIjfa brimaNénkarpÁt;pÁg;minzitesßr KWCarnaMgmYycMeBaHTIpSarnaMecjGgárrbs;km<úCa. GñkpÁt;pÁg;Ggár nigQ μ ÜjnaMecjRbQmnwgbBaðadUcKñaKWkarEsVgrkbrimaNGgárRKb;RKan;edIm,I eFVIkar naMecj. bBaðaenHEsþgecjmkBIPaBTn;exSayénkarRKb;RKg nigmeFüa)ayplitnanadUcCa RbB½n§eRsac RsB RbB½n§RbLaybgðÚrTwkecj PaBRKb;RKan;énsmÖar³ksikmμ nigbec©kviTüaCaedIm. -cMeNHdwgTIpSarmankMNt; ³ kgVHxaténBt’man niglkçx½NÐnanaéntRmUvkarTIpSar KWCakar kRmitmYyepSgeTot sMrab;GñknaMecj nigm©as;eragma:sIunCaeRcInkñúgvis½yCMnYjGgárenH

taragTI15³ GRtaénkarpøas;bþÚrBIRsUveTACaGgÁr

RbeTs GRtapøas;bþÚr

RbeTs Lav RbeTs PUma RbeTs km<úCa RbeTs evotNam RbeTs éf RbeTs cin RbeTs étva:n; RbeTs Cb:un

0/60 0/62 0/63 0/65 0/66 0/70 0/73 0/73

31 bTsmÖas CamYyelak enA saerOn GnuRbFanEpnkarRkumh‘un Em:n sarun naMecj naMcUl lImItFIt

RbPB ³ FnaKarBiPBelak¼karGPivDÆn_vis½yÉkCn¼dMeNaHRsaykarGPivDÆn_CasklTaMg 24 tMbn; GasuIxagekIt nig)a:suIPik (LLC)

karrkSaTuk karsþúkTukGgár KWBi)akNas; vamingayRsYldUcCakarsþúkRsUveLIy eyIgminGacrkSaGgárTuk )anyUreLIy edaysareyIxVHbec©kviTüa GgárcaM)ac;RtUvEtTijehIyeRbIPøam ¬Rbsasn_rbs;elak enA saerOn¦. taMgBIedImmk GgárExñreyIgminGacRbKYtRbECgCamYyRbeTs naMecjdéTeTot)an eLIyeRBaHGgáreKGacrkSaTuk)anry³eBlyUrCageyIg. müa:geTotEx μreyIgenAminTan;man]bkrN_ sMrab;sþúkGgárTukeLIy eRBaHQ μ ÜjTaMgLayminTan;manFnFanvinieyaKeTAelIXøaMgsþúkTaMgenaH.

3- TMnak;TMngrvag TIpSar nig Gñkplit eTaHbIeKemIleXIjfakm<úCa CaRbeTsEdlplitRsUvehIykarnaMecjRsUvGacCYybegáInnUv esdæic©rbs;xøÜnd¾sMxan;k¾eday k¾km<úCaenARbQmnwgbBaðasMxan;²mYycMnYnTaMgkarplit nigTIpSar. ksikrEx μrPaKeRcIneFVIERssMrab;Etb®gÁb;karhUbcukenAñúgRKYsarEtb:ueNÑaH RbkarenHehIyEdleFVIeGay brimaNRsUvsMrab;eFVIkarnaMecjxVHxat. müa:gvijeTotksikrEtgEteFVIRsUvBIBUCBIburaNrbs;xøÜnsMrab; EtbMeBjtMrUvkarhUbcukkñúgRsukEtb:ueNÑaH ehIyBYkKat;lk;RsUvEtkñúgkrNIEdlsl;BIkarhUbcuk b¤enA eBlEdlKat;RtUvkarluybnÞan;Etbu:eNÑaH. BYkKat;minEdlmanbMNgfaeFVIERsedIm,I)anRsUvlk;eLIy. müa:gvijeTot edaysarEtkgVHxaténmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnRbB½n§rcnasm<½n§RTuDeRTam dUcCapøÚvsMrab; eFVIkardwkCBa¢ÚnlM)akCaedIm .l. ksikrEtgEtlk;RsUvrbs;xøÜneTAGñkRbmUlTij b¤eTAm©as;eragma:suIn kinRsUvenAkEnøgEdleKRbmUlplenaHEtmþg EdlBwgEp¥keTAelItémøEdlGñkTijCaGñkkMNt;. ktþaTaMgenHsreGayeXIjfa ksikrPaKeRcInmin)andwgGMBIBt’mantRmUvkarTIpSarEdlrYmman RbePTén RsUv Ggár KuNPaB k¾dUcCatémøpgEdr.

4- témøénkardwkCBa¢Ún nigtémøTukdak;kñúgXøaMg manc,ab;nigbTbBaØtimYycMnYndak;ecjsRmab;RtYtBinitünUvmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún dUcCa³

-GnuRkwtüsþIBIkarkMritTm¶n;GtibrimaényanynþeFVIdMeNIelIpøÚvCati

-RbkassþIBI R)ak;Bin½yelIrfynþEdlpÞúkelIsTm¶n;enAelIpøÚv -GnuRkitüTak;TgeTAnwgkarrMlay nigkarbegáItb:usþiRtYtBinitüenAtambeNþayRBMEdn edIm,I

RtYtBinitükarecjcUltamRckRBMEdn tampøÚveKak pøÚvrfePøIg pøÚvTwk nigpøÚvGakas enAkñúg RBHraCaNacRkm<úCa KWsßitenAkñúgkarBinitüemIl. Pñak;garEdlTTYlxusRtUvelIkic©karenHman b:UlIsCati eyaFa Pñak;garkaMkugRtUl Pñak;garKy nigrdæakr Pñak;garGnam½yrukçCatiRKb;RbePT nigPñak;gar RtYtBinitüfñaMeBTü. cMNucRtYtBinitüTaMgenH)anbegáIteLIgenAtamRBMEdn nigTIRkugCaeRcInedIm,IBinitü emIlnUvcracrrbs;mnusS nigTMnijepSg²32. karbegáItb:usþiRtYtBinitüCaeRcIndUcenHeFVIeGayGñkrksuI RtUvbg;luyCaeRcIneTAeGayPñak;garTaMgenaHCaehtueFVIeGaytémøplitplkat;EteLIgéføEfmeTot . bu:EnþcMnYnluyEdl)anbg;eGayeTAPñak;garTaMgenaHmin)anbeBa©jeGaydwgeLIy. ehdæarcnasm<½n§ edaysarsßanPaBpøÚvlM)akenAkñúgkm<úCa eFVIeGaykardwkCBa¢ÚnplRsUvBIkEnøgdaMduHeTAkan; TIpSarmantémøx<s;. kgVHxatRbsiT§iPaBehdæarcnasm<½n§dwkCBa¢Ún edaysarRbeTskm<úCaBwgEp¥kelIkar naMcUleRbgTaMgRsugBIxageRkA. müa:geTottémødwkCBa¢Únx<s;k¾bNþalmkBIR)ak;sMNUknigBn§eRkApøÚvkar pgEdr. cMNayeRkApøÚvkaresμ Inwg 57° éntémødwkCBa¢ÚnTaMgGs; 33. )an)a:n;RbmaNfa kareFVI eGayRbesIeLIgénehdæarcnasm<½n§nwgkat;bnßyéføedImehUtdl;eTA 30-40° 34. témøénkardwkCBa¢ÚnenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaRtUv)aneKKwtfaCatémømYyx<s;EdlCa]bsKÁmYysMrab;kareFVIBaNiC¢km μTaMgkñúg nigeRkARbeTs. témødwkCBa¢Úntamnava CatémømYyéføbMputenAkñúgtMbn; Edl éføCagRbeTséfcMnYn 4 dg ebIKitelIkardwkCBa¢ÚnkñúgkMritdUcKña35. Rkumh‘unGgÁrksikm μruerOg seRmcminBRgIkTIpSarnaMecjrbs;xøÜneTA shrdæGaemrik edaysarEttémødwkCBa¢Úntamk)a:l;BIkMBg;Ep km<úCaeTAshrdæGaemrikRtUv)anhamXat; nigmüa:gnwg)at;Gs;plcMeNjrbs;Rkumh‘un36. témødwkCBa¢ÚnénplitplRsUv 32 - JICA 33 Trade Liberalization impact of rice on Cambodia – Oxfam – 03 Nov 2005 34 Food and Agriculture Organization 1997 35 FAS-USDA ,op cit., p. 11 36 Trade Liberalization impact of rice on Cambodia – Oxfam – 03 Nov 2005

éfødwkCBa¢ÚnBIPñMeBj eTAkMBg;EpRkugRBHsIhnu ¬kugtWn½r 20 hVIt¦ KitCaduløaGaemrik 1-rfynþ 140 duløa 2-éføbg;pøÚv ¬pøÚvCatielx4¦ 13/86 duløa 3-éføEsán kugtWn½r 50 duløa 4-éføelIkdak;k)a:l; 87 duløa 5-éføRtYtBinitürbs;Ky 150 duløa 6-éføRtYtBinitürbs;kaMkugRtUl 120 duløa srub 560/86 duløa RbPB³ bTsmÖaseRkApøÚvkarCamYyRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún

5- ma:XItFIg eTaHbIkm<úCa)anplitGgárelIsBItRmUvkarrhUtdl; 568>563/9 etan ehIyeKalneya)ay fμ Irbs;rdæaPi)al)anykcitþTukdak;eTAelIbBaðama:XItFIgrbs;Ggár dUcCa kardkecjnUvkarkMNt;elI brimaNnaMcUl naMecj nigkarlb;bM)at;TaMgRsugnUv viBaØabnb½Rt naMecjk¾eday k¾karnaMecjGgár rbs;km<úCaCYbnUvkarlM)akepSg²eTotEdr. km<úCaenAminTan;GacQreFVICaGñknaMecjsMrab;TIpSar GnþrCati )aneT. TIpSarGgárrbs;xøÜnEtgEtTTYlnUvkarb:HBal;edaypÞal;BIsßanPaBTIpSarrbs;RbeTs Citxagrbs; xøÜnEdlCaGñknaMecjGgárd¾sMxan;. TIpSarGgárenARsukExñrenAminTan;mankarerIkcMerIn enAeLIyeT KWCa TIpSarmYyEdltUc nigmankMrit. TaMgenHKWedaysarEtRbeTskm<úCaminGacpÁt;pÁg; )annUvkarbBa¢aTijd¾FM nigCaGcié®nþy_ BIGtifiCneRkARbeTs EdleFVIeGayGtifiCnminGaceCOCak; eTAelIkarlT§PaBénkar pÁt;pÁg;. témøGgárenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaKWminzitesßreLIy ehIyEtgEteLIgcuH² ehIyEdltémøenH minkMNtedayTIpSarkñúgRsukeLIy EtpÞúyeTAvijKWtémøGgárénRbeTsCitxagEdlCaGñkkMNt;d¾sMxan; elItémøGgárenAkñúgkm<úCa37.

37 Trade Liberalization impact of rice on Cambodia – Oxfam – 03 Nov 2005

KuNPaBGgárenAkñúgRsukEx μr KWminTan;dl;kMritsþg;darEdlRtUvkareLIy enHKIedaysarEtkMrit bec©kviTüanig]bkrN_EkécñenATabeLIy. EteTaHCaya:gNakñúgdMNak;kalenHenAminTan;man eKal- neya)ayNamYysMrab;eFVIkareRCamERCg b¤eFVIeGayRbesIwLIgnUv]bkrN_sMrab;ma:suInkinRsUveLIy38. karvinieyaKBIbreTselIvis½yeragma:suInkinRsUv tRmUveGaymankarcUlrYmedayes μ IPaKKñaBIGñkkñúgRsuk dUcCaeRKagkarrYmTunKñaCaedIm. bc©úb,nñenHmanEtRbCaCnEx μrEtb:ueNaÑaHEdlmankmμsiT§kñúg]sSakmμ eragma:suInkinRsUvEdlmanrab;Ban;manTMrg;CashRKaskinRsUvxñattUc nigmFüm. PaKeRcInén shRKaskinRsUvTaMgenaH KWCakm μsiT§iRKYsarEdlcuHbBa¢IenAGCJaFrmUldæanCaGgÁPaBGCIvkm μ. bNaþaj EbgEckGgárkm<úCa BuMrIkraldalb:un μaneT ehIyGñknaMecjGgárkm<úCa Canic©Cakallk;plitplrbs;xøÜn EttamryHQμ ÜjkNþalEdlrkeXIjGtifiCnedayxøÜnÉg.

c> CMerIsneya)ay b¤]bkrN¾ edIm,ICMrujkarnaMecjGgár ¬elak can; b‘unñivtþn_ elak kan; visidæ nigelak Ey:m supl¦ 1- PaBRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk ktþaGMeNayplTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢kmμ KYrEtbnþrTTYlykkargar nigkarRKb;RKgd¾manRbsiT§iPaB EdlCab;Tak;Tg kñúgkarkMENTMrg;dIFøI EdlBak;Bn½§nwgsm,TandIsgÁmkic© nigdIsm,Tanesdækic© BIeRBaHviFankarN_TaMgenHnwgRtUv)anRbmUlpþMú kMlaMgTUTaMgRbeTsedIm,IeRbIR)as;dIsMrab;plitkmμ. eRkABIenaH viFankarN¾TaMgGs;enHRtUvEtBRgwgedIm,I begáIt nigRbtibtþiénbTbBaØati tTl;nwgGñkqe)akykdIFøI nigFanasnþisuxdIFøI nigRTBüsm,tþirbs; GñkpÁt;pÁg;RsUvFuntUc nigmFüm.

TaMgGs;enHBak;Bn½§nwgkarpSBVpSaykareRbIR)asCIKImIksikmμ EdlGacCaviPaKTanedIm,IbegáIn plitkmμ nigTMhMBaNiC¢km μ eTaHbICaéføedImTinñn½ybBa©Úlx<s;k¾eday CaBiesséføCIKImI nigfñaMsMlab;stVl¥it ¬sUmemIlCMBUkTI2¦. plb:HBal;FMeFg nigry³eBlEvgénkareRbIR)as;CIKImIksikmμ KYrRtUvKitKUrBicarNa kñúgkarvaytMéléføedIm nigGtßRbeyaCn_rbs;va edayemIleTAelIkMeNInesdækic© nigeRKaHfñak;dl;suxPaB mnusS nigbrisßankñúgRbeTs. fVIebIsMNYrebIkcMhrCaeRcInenAEtGegátedayGñkRsavRCav cMeBaHkareRbI R)as;CIKImI nigfñaMsMlab;stVl¥itenAeLIyk¾eday k¾kareRbIR)as;CIKImI nigfñaMsMlab;stVl¥itd¾smRsbmYy 38 Economic Institute of Cambodia 4 January-March, 2004

)anbgðajCaPsþútagénkarGnuvtþn_d¾manRbeyaCn_mYyEdlKYrEtRtUvCMruj nigRtUvEtbBa©ÚlenAkñúgplitkm μ RsUvmYycMnYn.

b:uEnþenAkEnøgEdlsmRsb nigmanlkçN³esdækic© kareRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþplitkm μRsUvtamRbBl vb,kmμ (SRI) nigkareRbI)as;BUCRsUvRkGUb dUcCanagmøiH EdlGMeNaypleGaymankarekIneLIgén plitkmμCamYynwgkarkat;bnßykareRbIR)as;CIKImIksikm μy:agnak¾eday k¾GacRtUvemIleXIjpgEdrfa plitkmμTaMgenaHmanéføedImx<s;mYy (Juergen Anthofer, 2004) nigRtUvkarlkçx½NÐbrisßan nigRKb;RKgl¥ ehIycMNayeBlEfrTaMeRcInCag ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgviFIsa®sþepSgeToténplikm μRsUvEbbRbéBNI. b:uEnþedayeyaleTAelIsuxPaBGñkeRbIR)as; nigbrisßan RbB½n§RsUvRbBlvb,km μ (SRI) nigBUCRsUvRkGUb dUcCa nagmøiH KYrRtUvBicarNaedayRbugRbyt½ñpgEdr kñúgkarBRgIkBUCRsUvenHTUTaMgRbeTs eTATINaEdl dIsMbUredayCICati Gacpþl;briyakaslUtlas;RKab;RKan;sMrab;RbB½n§RsUvRbBlvb,km μ (SRI) enH.

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Gnuvtþkic©RBmeRBog Gnam½y nigPUtþKamGnam½y nigr)aMgbec©keTsBaNiC¢km μkñúgkareFVIBaNiC¢kmμén plitplGgár.

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k- tRmUvkar Bt’man nig karRsavRCavEdlRtUveFVIbnþ

-RsavRCaveTAelIlT§PaBénkarTak;TajvinieyaKeTAelIvis½yRsUv nigGgár -RsavRCavelIGtßRbeyaCn_eRbobeFobrvagkarplitGgársrIragÁ (Organic) nig GgárFmμta (Non-Organic)

-RsavRCavrkRbB½n§ma:XItFIg d¾manRbsiT§iPaBmYyedIm,ICMrujnUv kareFVIBaNiC¢km μGgáreGay)anRbesIr -eFVIkarRsavRCaveRbobeFobeTAelI plcMeNjesdækic©énkar naMecjRsUv nigkarnaMecjGgárfaetImYyNamanplcMeNjeRcIn Cag.

x- etItMrUveGaymankarpøas;bþÚr EbbNaxøH?

-begáItshKmn_ksikreGay)aneRcIntamEdlGaceFVI)an RbeyaCn_gayRsYlkñúgkarepÞrbec©kviC¢a nigBt’manf μ I² -begáItviTüasßan Gb;rM nigRsavRCavRbcaMtMbn;nimYy²eGay)aneRcIn -GUsTajral;karvinieyaKEpñkhirBaØvtßúRKb;RbePT edayrYmTaMgkar vinieyaKpÞal;elIvis½yRsUvGgárenH -bnþeFVIkarelIkElgBn§elIkareRbIR)asdI nigBn§elIR)ak;cMNUl BIksikr -eFVIeGayRbesIeLIgnUvRbB½n§eRsacRsB nigkarGPivDÆn_ehdæa rcnasm<½n§ -eFVIeGaytémøGKÁIsnITabbMputtamEdlGaceFVI)an -CMrujeGaymankarRbkYtRbECgedayyutþiFm’ nigcat;viFankarGnuvtþnUvkic©RBmeRBog SPS nig TBT -KYrbBaÄb;karnaMecjRsUveTaHCaRsbc,ab; b¤ minRsbc,ab;kþI -bnþkarcrcatamry³ ÉketaPaKI b¤BhuPaKICabnþeTot edIm,IebIk

RckTIpSarkñúgkarnaMecjGgár nigTTYl)annUvRbB½n§GnueRKaH BaNiC¢km μCaTUeTA.

4-etIKYreFVIkarpøas;bþÚredayrebob Na?

k-etInrNaCaGñkpþÜcepþImeFVIkar pøas;bþÚr?

-RksYgBaNiC¢km μ -RksYgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT -RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCa -RksYgesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú -RksYgFnFanTwk nig]tuniym -RKb;GñkBak;B½n§TaMgGs;

x-etIKYreFVIkarpøas;bþÚredayrebob Na?

-RksYg nigsßab½nBak;B½n§ RtUvCMruj nigKaMRTkarbegáIt smaKm nigshKmn_ksikreGay)aneRcIn -RksYgBaNiC¢km μKYrdak;viFankaredIm,IbBaÄb;nUvkarnaMecjRsUv edaypÞal;eTAeRkARbeTs -bnþGnuvtþkarelIkElgBn§dl;ksikr nigeFVIkarPivDÆn_RbB½n§eRsac RsB nigehdæarcnasm§½neGay)anl¥ ehIybnþcrcaedIm,IebIkTIpSar sMrab;plitplksikm μEx μrbnþeTot

K-etImantMrUvkarFnFanGVIepSg eTotedIm,IeFVIkarpøas;bþÚr?

-tMrUvkarFnFanmnusS nigFnFanhirBaØtßú KWCaktþacM)ac;bMput kñúgkarGnuvtþnUveKalneya)ayEdl)anelIkeLIg

5- etImankarb:HBal;GVIxøHdl; sgÁmk¾dUcCaesdækic©kñúgkarGnuvtþnUvyuT§sa®sþ Edl)anelIkeLIg?

k-etIkarpøas;bþÚr nigmanplb:H Bal;dl;sgÁm nigesdækic©dUc emþc?

plb:HBal;CaviC¢man³ -TTYl)annUvshKmn_ksikrd¾manRbsiT§iPaB pþl;PaBgayRsYlkñúgTMnak;TMngéndMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_

nigkareFVITIpSarelIplitplRsUvGgárrbs;xøÜn -begáInplitPaBénkarplitRsUvrbs;ksikr -begáItkargarCaeRcInCUnRbCaCn -BRgIktIpSar nigbegáInbrimaNnaMecjsMrab;plitplGgárrbs; km<úCa -BRgIkkarvinieyaKelIvis½yplitRsUv GgárenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa plb:HBal;CaGviC¢man³ -cMeNHdwgrbs;ksikrEx μreyIgenAmankMNt;enAeLIy CaehtueFVI eGaymankarBi)akkñúgkarRsavRCavykbec©kviC¢afμ I²mkeRbI - eFVIeGaymankarraraMgdl;dl;GñknaMecjRsUvedaypÞal; -rdæaPi)al)at;bg;nUvcMNUlCatiedaysarEtrdæeRbIneya)ay elIkElgBn§ cMeBaHksikr -rdæaPi)alcMNayfvikarCaeRcInkñúgkarGPivDÆn_ ehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigRbB½n§eRsacRsBTaMgLay -ksikrGac)at;bg;»kasénéføRbKYtRbECg -ksikrRkIRkGacRbQmnwgkar)at;bg;dIsMrab;eFVIksikmμpÞal;xøÜn

x-etIkarb:HBal;enaHGacnwgeFVI eGaymanPaBBi)akdl;karGnuvtþénkarpøas;bþÚrEdrrWeT?

KitfaminGaceT BIeRBaHeyIg)an)a:n;RbmaNfa PaBb:HBal;Ca viC¢man vamanTMhMFMCagGviC¢man

K- etIRtUvyk\T§iBlTaMgenHmk BicarNaenAkñúgkarGPivDÆ nigkarGnuvtþy:agdUcemþc?

-karxatbg;nUvcMNUlrbs;rdæGacTUTat;sgedaykarekIneLIgnUv brimaNGgárEdl)annaMecj nigkarBRgIknUvplitPaBelIvis½yRsUv enH -pþl;karelIkTwkcitþdl;GñkEdleFVIkarnaMecjGgáreTAeRkARbeTs -BRgwgdl;karKaMRTcMeBaHshKmn_ksikr

6-etIRtUveFVIEpnkarGnuvtþn_tamviFI -RbmUlnUvral;Bt’manEdlBak;B½n§

Na? -eFVIkarRbCuM nigelIkCasMnYr b¤bBaða nigeFVIkarBiPakSaCamYynwg GñkEdlBak;B½n§TaMgLay -pþl;nUvr)aykarN_ nigelIkeLIgnUvCMerIsneya)ayEdlRtwmRtUv -pþl;nUvsikçasalaepSg²dl;ksikrk¾dUcCaGñkCab;Bak;B½n§ -karEckcaynUvral;Bt’man -Gnuvtþn_ nigBinitüemIlnUveKalneya)ayEdl)anpøas;bþÚr-vayttémø¶nUvkarGnuvtþ nigelIkGnusasn_bEnßm