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The Supreme Court on Thurs-day ruled that much of easternOklahoma falls within an Indianreservation, a decision that couldreshape the criminal justice sys-tem by preventing state authori-ties from prosecuting offensesthere that involve Native Ameri-cans.

The 5-to-4 decision, potentiallyone of the most consequential le-gal victories for Native Americansin decades, could have far-reach-ing implications for the peoplewho live across what the court af-firmed was Indian Country. Thelands include much of Tulsa, Okla-homa’s second-biggest city.

The case was steeped in theUnited States government’s long

history of brutal removals andbroken treaties with Indigenoustribes, and grappled with whetherlands of the Muscogee (Creek)Nation had remained a reserva-tion after Oklahoma became astate.

The decision puts in doubt hun-dreds of state convictions of Na-tive Americans and could changethe handling of prosecutionsacross a vast swath of the state.Lawyers were also examiningwhether it had broader implica-tions for taxing, zoning and othergovernment functions. But manyof the specific impacts will be de-termined by negotiations betweenstate and federal authorities and

Vast Chunk of Oklahoma Is PartOf Indian Territory, Court Rules

By JACK HEALY and ADAM LIPTAK

Continued on Page A17

WASHINGTON — At his cam-paign rally last month in Tulsa,Okla., President Trump rankedhis Supreme Court appointmentsamong his biggest achievements.“Two great Supreme Courtjudges!” he boasted. “So, wehave two justices of the SupremeCourt, Justice Gorsuch, JusticeKavanaugh, they’re great. Theyare — they’re great.”

He might not have felt sowarmly on Thursday after Jus-tices Neil M. Gorsuch and BrettM. Kavanaugh categoricallydismissed his claim to “absoluteimmunity” from investigatorsseeking his tax returns. In a pairof far-reaching rulings, Mr.Trump’s two appointees joined aunanimous conclusion that the

president went too far by pro-nouncing himself exempt fromlegal scrutiny.

The forceful decisions repre-sented a declaration of independ-ence not only by Mr. Trump’sown justices but by the SupremeCourt as an institution, assertingitself as an equal branch of gov-ernment in the Trump era. Nomatter how often Mr. Trumpinsists that he has completeauthority in this instance or that,the justices made clear on Thurs-day that there were in fact limits,just as they did in landmarkexecutive power cases involvingPresidents Richard M. Nixon andBill Clinton.

That a conservative court

Declaring IndependenceWith a Show of Legal Force

NEWS ANALYSIS

By PETER BAKER

Continued on Page A18

WASHINGTON — The Su-preme Court cleared the way onThursday for prosecutors in NewYork to seek President Trump’s fi-nancial records in a stunning de-feat for Mr. Trump and a majorstatement on the scope and limitsof presidential power.

The decision in the case said Mr.Trump had no absolute right toblock release of the papers andwould take its place with land-mark rulings that required Presi-dent Richard M. Nixon to turnover tapes of Oval Office conver-sations and that forced PresidentBill Clinton to provide evidence ina sexual harassment suit.

“No citizen, not even the presi-dent, is categorically above thecommon duty to produce evi-dence when called upon in a crimi-nal proceeding,” Chief JusticeJohn G. Roberts Jr. wrote for themajority. He added that Mr.Trump might still raise objectionsto the scope and relevance of thesubpoena requesting the records.

In a separate decision, the courtruled that Congress could not, atleast for now, see many of thesame records. It said the caseshould be returned to lower courtsto examine whether Congressshould narrow the parameters ofthe information it sought, mean-ing that the practical effect of thetwo decisions is that the recordswill not be made public before theelections this fall.

The chief justice wrote the ma-jority opinions in both cases, andboth were decided by 7-to-2 votes.The court’s four-member liberalwing voted with him, as did Mr.Trump’s two appointees, Justices

Neil M. Gorsuch and Brett M. Kav-anaugh.

Justices Clarence Thomas andSamuel A. Alito Jr. dissented inboth cases.

Mr. Trump immediately at-tacked the outcome on Twitter.“This is all a political prosecution,”he wrote. “I won the MuellerWitch Hunt, and others, and now Ihave to keep fighting in a political-ly corrupt New York. Not fair tothis Presidency or Administra-tion!”

Chief Justice Roberts implicitlyaddressed that question in hisopinion. There were “200 years ofprecedent establishing that presi-dents, and their official communi-cations, are subject to judicialprocess, even when the presidentis under investigation,” he said.

Justice Kavanaugh put it an-other way: “In our system of gov-ernment, as this court has oftenstated, no one is above the law.That principle applies, of course,to a president.”

Mr. Trump had asked the court

PRESIDENT IS NOT ‘ABOVE THE LAW,’ JUSTICES DECIDECourt Backs a Subpoena on Trump’s

Tax Records, With Some Limits

By ADAM LIPTAK

The Supreme Court ruled 7-2in both cases on Thursday.

ANNA MONEYMAKER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

SOTOMAYOR GINSBURG KAGAN

LIBERAL BLOC CONSERVATIVE BLOC

BREYER ROBERTS KAVANAUGH ALITO GORSUCH THOMAS

Republicans

Independents

Democrats

All

72

37

15

39%

28

63

86

61%

Prosecutors have the right to obtain a president’s tax records

A president does not have to turn over his tax records to prosecutors

Republicans

Independents

Democrats

All

69

40

15

39%

32

60

85

61%

A president should not be able to block turning over his financial records to Congress

A president should be able to block turning over his financial records to Congress

SOTOMAYOR GINSBURG KAGAN

LIBERAL BLOC CONSERVATIVE BLOC

BREYER ROBERTS KAVANAUGH ALITO GORSUCH THOMAS

WHERE THE PUBLIC STANDS New York state prosecutors are conducting a criminal investigation of President Trump. They have requested financial records related to Mr. Trump’s taxes and finances from his activities prior to becoming president from his accounting firm and other companies. What do you think?

In Trump v. Vance, the court ruled, 7 to 2, that New York prosecutors could seek Mr. Trump’s financial records.

WHERE THE PUBLIC STANDS A congressional committee has requested records related to President Trump’s taxes and finances from his activities prior to becoming president from his accounting firm and other companies. What do you think?

In Trump v. Mazars USA, the same majority ruled that Mr. Trump could for now block disclosure of his financial records to House committees, returning the case to lower courts to narrow the scope of the records sought.

Source: Polling questions and data come from the SCOTUSPoll project by Stephen Jessee, University of Texas at Austin; Neil Malhotra, Stanford Graduate School of Business; and Maya Sen, Harvard Kennedy School. They are based on a survey conducted online by YouGov from April 29 to May 12 using a representative sample of 2,000 American adults. The survey has a margin of error of 2.2 pct. pts. THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A18

Joseph R. Biden Jr. laid out apopulist economic vision to reviveand reinvest in American manu-facturing on Thursday, calling formajor spending and stricter rulesto “Buy American” as part of aneffort to more aggressively chal-lenge President Trump on two ofhis signature issues: the economyand nationalism.

In a speech in the battleground

state of Pennsylvania, Mr. Bidenlacerated Mr. Trump for a bungledresponse to the coronavirus pan-demic that has deepened the eco-nomic crisis and a misplaced fo-cus on the stock market, whileframing his own economic agendaaround a new campaign tagline,

“Build Back Better.”In some ways, Mr. Biden was

seizing the “Buy American” mes-sage from Mr. Trump himself, whocampaigned on an “AmericaFirst” agenda in 2016 and wroteon Twitter on his InaugurationDay that “Buy American” and“Hire American” were “two sim-ple rules” that would guide his ad-ministration.

Mr. Biden said his plans wouldleverage trade, tax and invest-

Biden Puts Economy at the Center of His AttackBy SHANE GOLDMACHER

and JIM TANKERSLEYA ‘Buy American’ Pitch

in Pennsylvania

Continued on Page A15

DEMETRIUS FREEMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Trump Tower, site of the latest clash between the president and Mayor Bill de Blasio. Page A23.The Word on the Street

In January, as a frightening newvirus filled hospital wards in Wu-han, China, Stephanie Giordano, a25-year-old researcher at thedrugmaker Regeneron, in a sub-urb of New York City, began work-ing on a treatment for the disease.

By March, the deadly coro-navirus had hit home. Fearing shewould get infected on the trainthat took her to the lab every day,she moved from her apartment inEast Harlem to an Airbnb fiveminutes from the company’sheadquarters in Tarrytown, inWestchester County.

Then her mother, a nurse’s as-sistant who cared for newborn ba-bies at a Long Island hospital, wasreassigned to a Covid-19 wardwhere she tended to older peoplestruggling to breathe. No drugcould help these patients — or her,if she were to get sick, too. “I hadsomebody on the line that I reallycared about,” Ms. Giordano saidrecently. “And I wanted to see hermake it through this.”

Ms. Giordano, the youngestmember of the company’s five-person rapid response team for in-fectious diseases, helped developwhat many consider one of themost promising new treatmentsfor Covid-19, which has now in-fected more than 12 million peoplearound the world, and killed morethan 549,000.

She worked in the lab until 10

Scientists FeltHeat as Virus

Crept CloserBy KATIE THOMAS

Continued on Page A7

Bus monitors to screen stu-dents for symptoms in Marietta,Ga.: $640,000. Protective gearand classroom cleaning equip-ment for a small district in ruralMichigan: $100,000. Disinfectingschool buildings and hiring extranurses and educators in SanDiego: $90 million.

As the White House, thenation’s pediatricians andmany worn-down, economicallystrapped parents push for schooldoors to swing open this fall, localeducation officials say they arebeing crushed by the costs of get-ting students and teachers back inclassrooms safely.

President Trump threatenedthis week to cut off federal fundingto districts that do not reopen,though he controls only a sliver ofmoney for schools. But adminis-trators say they are already strug-gling to cover the head-spinninglogistical and financial challengesof retrofitting buildings, addingstaff members and protectivegear, and providing students withthe academic and emotional sup-port that many will need after atraumatic disruption to their lives.

The federal relief packagepassed in March dedicated $13.5billion to K-12 education — lessthan 1 percent of the total stimu-lus. But education groups esti-mate that schools will need manytimes that, and with many localand state budgets already deplet-ed by the economic impact of thecoronavirus, it is unclear where itwill come from.

“If Congress doesn’t do some-thing in the summer, there is goingto be a big mess,” said John LeeEvans, president of the San DiegoBoard of Education.

Dr. Evans, a psychologist, saidhis district hoped to physically re-open five days a week, startingAug. 31, for families that wanttheir children to attend in-person

Schools FacingCrush of CostsTo Open Safely

By DANA GOLDSTEIN

Continued on Page A6

Storm King, the sculpture park in theHudson Valley, has reopened. Above,“Eyes” by Louise Bourgeois. PAGE C7

WEEKEND ARTS C1-14

Art You Can See in PersonThree months of lockdown slowed itspulse, stripped its grit and exposed anew side to a weary city. PAGE A10

INTERNATIONAL A10-13

A Welcome Timeout for Cairo

Sex may sell the stripper drama “P-Valley,” but it’s really a lyrical storyabout hard work, our critic says. PAGE C1

All the Right MovesMayor Park Won-soon, who vanishedafter leaving a cryptic message, faced aharassment complaint. PAGE A11

Seoul Mayor Is Found Dead

Michael D. Cohen, President Trump’sformer personal lawyer, rejected termsof home confinement that were said toinclude not speaking to the press andnot publishing a book. PAGE A23

NATIONAL A14-23

Cohen Sent Back to JailFederal health officials are debatinggiving early access to groups that face ahigh risk of infection when a vaccinereaches the market. PAGE A8

TRACKING AN OUTBREAK A4-9

Who Gets Vaccinated First?The new leadership at NBC News ismaking Joy Reid, a sharp critic of thepresident, one of the few Black womento anchor a major American eveningnews program. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-8

A Promotion at MSNBC

Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida is said tobe quietly discouraging donors fromgiving to the Republican convention inhis state because of a personal disputewith an unpaid Trump adviser. PAGE A15

Feud Could Hinder ConventionData from those tested at a Queensclinic adds to a deeper analysis of thepandemic’s scope in New York. PAGE A9

Hot Spots and Another Wave

Kelly Loeffler, a U.S. senator who criti-cizes Black Lives Matter, has beendenounced by many players. PAGE B9

SPORTSFRIDAY B9-11

Backlash for W.N.B.A. Owner

Tammy Duckworth PAGE A25

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A24-25

As another 1.3 million unemploymentclaims poured in last week, new jobpostings in a scarred economy arelacking, and an end to some pandemicbenefits is approaching. PAGE B1

Hiring Outlook Remains Dim

Late Edition

VOL. CLXIX . . . . No. 58,750 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, FRIDAY, JULY 10, 2020

Today, rain, wind, watch for flood-ing, high 79. Tonight, heavy rain,gusty wind, flooding, low 72. Tomor-row, showers, thunderstorms, high87. Weather map is on Page B11.

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