Skeletal System

BY:Lizbeth Delgado & Jennifer Gonzalez

Major functions of the skeletal systemThe bones, ligaments, and tendons

are each essential parts of the human framework.

Bones generally act as connective tissue within the body.

Ligaments are the skeletal components that connect bones to other bones to create a joint, a flexible structure that is capable of movement and of bearing both weight and external forces applied to it.

Tendons have a similar construction to that of ligaments: they are strong, fiber-like connectors. However, rather than connecting bone to bone, tendons connect muscle to bone, providing stability and a significant degree of resistance to external forces.

Skeletal Bones• There are approximately 206 bones in the human

body.

Ball-and-socket

These are found in the shoulder and the hip. They allow a circular movement in these joints. At the shoulder the 'ball' is part of the humerus, the long bone in the top of the arm. The 'socket' is formed by the scapula or the shoulder blade. The muscles joined to these bones allow a circular movement when they contract. In the hip it is the femur which provides the 'ball'. The pelvis, or hip bone, provides the socket.

Hinge Joints

These are found at the elbow and the knee. They allow a movement of 180° in one direction. Try moving your arm at the elbow. It can only move in a half circle (180°) and only up and down. Now move your arm from the shoulder and see the difference.

Pivot Pivot also called rotary joint, or trochoid joint,  in vertebrate anatomy, a joint that allows only rotary movement. It is exemplified by the joint between the atlas and the axis (first and second cervical vertebrae), directly under the skull, which allows for turning of the head from side to side. Pivot joints also provide for the twisting movement of the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) against the upper arm, a movement used, for instance, in unscrewing the lid of a jar.

2 examples how the skeletal system works One of the most important ways the skeletal system works with other systems is VIA protection.

• The bony skeletal protects vulnerable organs and the central nervous system.

2 examples of diseases of the Skeletal system

As bone mineral density decreases, bones loose their integral strength. Age, hormone status and diet all play a vital role in osteoporosis. Bones become progressively weak and are prone to fractures with minor trauma.

Osteoporosis

Rickets/ Osteomalacia

Rickets is caused from a severe deficiency of calcium, vitamin D and phosphate. Bones soften and become weak losing their normal shape. Bone pain, muscle cramps and skeletal deformities occur.

Fun facts about the Skeletal System

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