BUILDING SCIENCE 2 (ARC 3414) PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION OF BUILDING SCIENCE WITH DESIGN

STUDIO 5

NAME: ZHUANG ZHI JIE

ID: 0314224

TUTOR: MR EDWIN CHAN

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Lighting proposal

2.1 Natural Daylighting

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.2 Artificial Daylighting

2.2.1

2.2.2

3.0 Acoustic Proposal

3.1 SPL (External Noise Calculation)

3.2 Reverberation Time

3.2.1 Audio Room

3.2.2 ICT Media Room

3.3 Sound reduction index/ Transmission Loss

3.3.1 Cafe

3.3.2 Meeting Room

2.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 2.1 Natural Daylighting

2.1.1 RECEPTION

----ZZ

Formula : Daylight Factor (DF) = (Ei / Eo) x 100%

Area of Space (m2) 200

Area of Curtain Wall (m2) (11x5)+(8.8x5)+(17x5)+(2.5x5) =137.02

Daylight Factor (%) (137.02 / 200) x 100% = 68.51 % x 0.1 = 6.8 %

According to the standard requirement of daylight factor needed by reception of a library, the 6.8 % result of daylight exceeds the standard general building reception of 2%. Hence, the curtain wall is layered by a steel perforated facade with growing creeper plants to prevent glare discomforts of library users. However, a fair amount of opening is designed to let natural light in to light up some reading spaces that require critical amount of light.

Formula EEi = (DF x Eo) /100%

Given, Eo (unobstructed sky of Malaysia) 32000

EEi = (DF x Eo) / 100% = (6.8 x 32000) / 100% = 2176 lux

The standard required illuminance level for reception is 300 lux, which proves that the calculation result of curtain wall design is over-sized and receives too much daylight. Hence, some solutions are needed to overcome the issue mentioned.

2.1.1 READING AREA

Area of Space (m2) 69.6

Area of Curtain Wall (m2) 5.8 x 4 = 23.2

Daylight Factor (%) (23.2 / 69.6) x 100% = 33.33 % x 0.1 = 3.33 %

The calculation result shows that the reading area receives sufficient daylight as it surpassed the standard of 3%.

Formula EEi = (DF x Eo) /100%

Given, Eo (unobstructed sky of Malaysia) 32000

EEi = (DF x Eo) / 100% = (3.33 x 32000) / 100% = 1065.6 lux

The standard required illuminance level for reception is 300 lux, which proves that the calculation result of curtain wall design is over-sized and receives too much daylight. Hence, some solutions are needed to overcome the issue mentioned.

2.2 Artificial lighting

2.2.1 MEETING ROOM

Meeting room is a space that requires sufficient artificial lighting as it is

considered a workspace where users need a bright environment to stay

vision-clear and focused during meetings.

Lamp Type 3F FILIPPI 36578 LUCEQUADRO LED

Wattage 40W

Light Color Cool White

Luminous Flux 2900 lm

Color Temperature 3000 K

Color Rendering Index (CRI) 100

Dimension (m) Length (L) = 7.8 Width (W) = 3.7 Height of the ceiling = 3.5 m

Total floor area, A (m2) 7.8 X 3.7 = 28.86

Standard Illuminance Required (lux) according to MS1525, E

300

Lumen of lighting fixtures, lm 2900

Height of luminaire (m) 3.2

Work level (m) 0.8

Mounting Height, Hm (m) 2.4

Assumption of reflective value Ceiling : 0.5 Wall : 0.5 Floor : 0.2

Room Index, RI (K)

= ( 7.8 x 3.7) / (7.8 + 3.7) x 2.4 = 28.86 / 27.6 = 1.05

Utilization Factor, UF 0.62

Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8

Lumen Calculation

= 300 lux x 7.8 x 3.7 / 2900 x 0.62 x 0.8 = 6

Number of luminaires across

= √ (7.8 x 6) / 3.7

= 3.6 (approximately 3) = √ (7.8 / 3) = 1.61 m

Number of luminaires along

= √ (3.7 x 6) / 7.8

= 1.68 (approximately 2) = √ (3.7/ 2) = 1.85 m

2.2.2 AUDIO ROOM

Audio room is a space that requires sufficient artificial lighting as it requires ambiance and

environment for the comfort of audiences. According to the calculation, 12 luminaries is

needed to achieve average of 300 lux within area 65m2 of the audio room. The well

distributed light fixtures will provide audiences with visual comfort.

Lamp Type 3F FILIPPI DODECA 220

Wattage 44W

Light Color Cool White

Luminous Flux 3200 lm

Color Temperature 3000 K

Color Rendering Index (CRI) 100

Dimension (m) Length (L) = 7 Width (W) = 9.3 Height of the ceiling = 3.5 m

Total floor area, A (m2) 7 x 9.3 = 65.1

Standard Illuminance Required (lux) according to MS1525, E

100

Lumen of lighting fixtures, lm 3200

Height of luminaire (m) 3.2

Work level (m) 0.8

Mounting Height, Hm (m) 2.4

Assumption of reflective value Ceiling : 0.5 Wall : 0.5 Floor : 0.2

Room Index, RI (K)

= ( 7 x 9.3) / (7 + 9.3) x 2.4 = 65.1 / 39.12 = 1.66

Utilization Factor, UF 0.62

Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8

Lumen Calculation

= 300lux x 7 x 9.3 / 3200 x 0.62 x 0.8 = 15

Number of luminaires across

= √ (7 x 12) / 9.3

= 3 = √ (7.8 / 4) = 1.6 m

Number of luminaires along

= √ (9.3 x 12) / 7

= 3.99 (approximately 4) = √ (9.3/ 4) = 1.52 m

3.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

3.1 SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (External Noise Calculation)

PEAK HOUR

Main road SPL =10log (IA / Iref )

80dB =10log (IA / 1 x 10-12)

IA= antilog (80/10) x 1 x 10-12

IA= 1.0 x 10-4

5-foot way SPL= 10log (IA / Iref )

30dB =10log (IA / 1 x 10-12)

IA= antilog (30/10) x 1 x 10-12

IA= 1.0 x 10-9

Backlane SPL= 10log (IA / Iref )

70dB =10log (IA / 1 x 10-12)

IA= antilog (70/10) x 1 x 10-12

IA= 1.0 x 10-5

Total intensity = (1.0 x 10-4) + (1.0 x 10-9 ) + (1.0 x 10-5)

= 1.1 x 10-4

Combined SPL= 10log (IA / Iref )

= 10log ( 1.1 x 10-4 / 1 x 10-12)

= 80.41 dB

NON- PEAK HOUR

Main road SPL= 10log (IA / Iref )

70dB =10log (IA / 1 x 10-12)

IA= antilog (70/10) x 1 x 10-12

IA= 1.0 x 10-5

5-foot way SPL= 10log (IA / Iref )

30dB =10log (IA / 1 x 10-12)

IA= antilog (30/10) x 1 x 10-12

IA= 1.0 x 10-9

Backlane SPL= 10log (IA / Iref )

65dB =10log (IA / 1 x 10-12)

IA= antilog (65/10) x 1 x 10-12

IA= 3.16 x 10-6

Total intensity = (1.0 x 10-5) + (1.0 x 10-9) + (3.16 x 10-6)

= 1.32 x 10-5

Combined SPL= 10log (IA / Iref )

= 10log ( 1.32 x 10-5/ 1 x 10-12)

= 71.21 dB

3.2 REVERBERATION TIME

3.2.1 AUDIO ROOM

Area = 8m x 6.3m

= 50.4 m2

Volume = 50.4 m2 x 3.5m

= 176.4 m3

MATERIAL AREA

(m2)

ABSORPTION

COEFFICIENT, 2000 Hz

SOUND ABSORPTION,

Sa

Concrete wall 77 0.39 30.03

Gypsum board wall panel 38.5 0.4 15.4

Carpet flooring 50.4 0.6 30.24

Wooden door 5.0 0.44 2.2

Fabric seating 26 0.82 21.32

Human 30 0.5 15

TOTAL 114.19

RT= (0.16 x 176.4) / 114.19

= 0.24s

In comparison of the reverberation time result and its standard requirement, it shows

that the material used for the audio room does not meet the requirement of 0.4 to 0.6

seconds. The actual lower result of 0.24 seconds should be improved by increasing

the reverberation time through reducing some acoustical elements to achieve better

acoustics.

3.2.2 ICT MEDIA ROOM

Area = 13.5m x 6.2m

= 84 m2

Volume = 84 m2 x 4m

= 336 m3

MATERIAL AREA/ AMOUNT

(m2)

ABSORPTION

COEFFICIENT, 2000 Hz

SOUND ABSORPTION,

Sa

Glass window 13.2 0.07 0.924

Concrete wall 34.05 0.39 13.27

Concrete floor 84 0.39 32.76

Carpet flooring 84 0.6 50.4

Wood furniture 25 0.38 9.5

Human 20 0.5 10

TOTAL 116.85

RT= (0.16 x 336) / 116.85

= 0.46s

The calculation result of ICT room reverberation time does not meet the requirement of

the standard of 0.5 - 0.9 seconds. Hence, some of the absorption materials should be

removed in order to achieve human acoustical comfort.

3.3 SOUND REDUCTION INDEX

Sound transmits from cafe to reception and meeting room due to the noisier crowd in

the cafe. Hence, good noise isolation material should be used for cafe and meeting

room to prevent noise dispersion.

3.3.1 CAFE

Components Materials Area (m2) Sound Reduction Index (SRI)

Wall Plywood panel 42 35

SRIplywood = 10log (1/T)

35 = 10log (1/T)

Antilog3.5 = (1/T)

Tplywood = 3.16 x 10-4

SRIoverall = 10log10 (1/TL)

= 10log10 (1/ 3.16 x 10-4)

= 35dB

3.3.1 MEETING ROOM

Components Materials Area (m2) Sound Reduction Index (SRI)

Wall Concrete block 25.2 40

SRIconcrete = 10log (1/T)

40 = 10log (1/T)

Antilog4.0 = (1/T)

Tconcrete = 1 x 10-4

SRIoverall = 10log10 (1/TL)

= 10log10 (1/ 1 x 10-4)

= 40 dB

The average transmission loss of materials used for the cafe and meeting room shows

the degree of noise that can transmit and be blocked within a room.

Cafe (70 dB) - Tav of cafe (35 dB) = 35 dB (Reception)

Cafe (70 dB) - Tav of meeting room (40 dB) = 30 dB (Meeting room)

This proves that plywood panel wall used in cafe can filter 35dB of noise traveling out

from the cafe whereas the concrete block wall used in the meeting can absorb 40dB of

noise transmitting to the meeting room.