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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Part FourPart Four
ENTER
B T L EW
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I. Word Study
II. Phrases and Expressions
III. Word Building
IV. Grammar
Language Language StudyStudy
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:
1. acquaintance
2. anguish
3. bulge
4. confer
5. contemplate
6. contempt
7. exalt
8. heady
9. hustle
10. impediment
11. integrate
12. muscular
13. proficient
14. stampede
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. acquaintance
n. a. (CN) a person whom one knows b. (UN) knowledge or information about something
or someone n. acquaintanceship
v. acquaint: to come to know personally; to make familiar; to inform;Examples:
Mrs. Bosomley has become merely a nodding acquaintance.
Few of my acquaintances like Sheila.The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.He has a wide acquaintanceship among all sorts of
people.
Translation
点头之交
认识的人
懂一点意大利语
交往甚广
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Expressions:
Examples:
Let me acquaint you with my family.
You must acquaint yourself with your new duties.
Please acquaint us with your plans.
be (become, get) acquainted with:
I am already acquainted with the facts.
make sb.’s acquaintance (make the acquaintance of sb.):
So pleased to have made your acquaintance.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
v. (vi.) to feel or suffer anguish
n. agonizing physical or mental pain;torment
a. anguished
Examples:
She was in anguish over her missing child.
anguished cries
2. anguish Synonyms
suffering, agony, distress, grief,
heartache, heartbreak, misery,
pain sorrow, torment, torture
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord Study3. bulge
v. to curve outward; to swell up; to stick out
n. a. a protruding part; an outward curve or
swelling
b. a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or quantity
Examples:
His pocket was bulging with sweets.
The baby boom created a bulge in school
enrollment.
Synonyms
protrude
project
stick out
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Examples:
Helen’s teeth protrude too far.
The policeman saw a gun protruding from the
man’s pocket.
Nails protruded from the board and had to be
removed for safety.
protrude
v. to push or thrust outward; to jut out
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
v. a. to bestow (e.g. an honor) 授予 b. to invest with (a characteristic) 赋予;使带有 c. (vi.) to meet in order to deliberate together
or compare views 协商
4. confer
Examples:
The government conferred a medal on the hero.
Diplomas were conferred on members of graduating
class.
The engineers and technicians are still conferring on
the unexpected accident.
Synonym
award
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord Studyaward
v. a. to grant as merited or due
b.to give as legally due
Examples:
Martin Ruther King Jr. was awarded the peace
Nobel Prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence
policy in the movement for civil rights.
He was awarded his damages in the shipwreck by
the court.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
v. a. to look at attentively and thoughtfully
b. to consider carefully and at length;
c. to have in mind as an intention or possibility
Examples:
She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror.
The young surgeon contemplated the difficult
operation of kidney transplant.
She is contemplating a trip to Europe, but she
hasn’t planned it yet.
5. contemplate Synonyms
consider
ponder
meditate
deliberate
brood over
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord Study6. contempt
n. scorn; a feeling that sb. or sth. is not important and does not deserve any respect Example:
I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior.
Word formation
Expressions: be beneath contempt
bring into contempt
hold in contempt
in contempt of
极为荒谬可鄙的
使受人鄙视
鄙视,蔑视
不顾,不把 ······放在眼里
a. contemptible contemptuous
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Examples:It was contemptible of him to speak like that about a respectable teacher!It was a contemptible trick to tell lies and play on an old friend!He was contemptuous of Britain’s army.Seeing I failed to understand, he gave me a contemptuous look.
contemptible: deserving of contempt; despicable
卑劣的,可鄙的contemptuous: manifesting or feeling contempt; scornful
鄙视的;看不起;鄙视的
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study7. exalt
v. a. to raise in rank, character, or statusb. to glorify, praise, or honorc. to increase the effect or intensity of
exalted a. excited; noble; exaggerated
Examples:Complementary colors exalt each other.He was exalted to the position of president.The retiring professor is exalted by his colleagues.an exalted dedication to libertyHe has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. heady a.
Try to translate the following phrases:
heady liqueur
the heady news of triumph
a heady outburst of anger
a heady current
heady tactics
too heady to reason with
醉人的烈酒振奋人心的获胜消息猛一声怒喝一股湍流机敏的战术太专横而无法与之理论
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
vt. a. to convey in a hurried or rough manner b. to cause or urge to proceed quickly
c. to gain by energetic effort vi. to work or move energetically and rapidly
9. hustle
Examples:
The police hustled the prisoner into a van.
Mother hustled the children off to school lest
they should be late.
We hustled to get dinner ready on time.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. impediment
n. a. a fact or event which makes action difficult
or impossible
b. an organic defect preventing clear articulation
Examples:
The main impediment to development is the
country’s huge foreign debt.
He has an impediment in speech. 他讲话口吃。
Synonyms
hinder
hamper
impede
obstruct
block
dam
bar
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.I. Word StudyWord Studyhinder: to hold back, as by delaying (implying stopping
or prevention)
The travelers were hindered by storms throughout
their journey.
hamper: to hinder by or as if by fastening or entangling
A suit and an overcoat hampered the efforts of the
accident victim to swim to safety.
impede: to slow by making action or movement difficult
Sentiment and eloquence serve only to impede the
pursuit of truth.
To be continued on the next page.
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obstruct: implies the presence of obstacles that interfere with progress
A building under construction obstructs our view of the mountains. block: to complete obstruction that prevents progress, passage, or action
A huge snowdrift is blocking the entrance to the driveway. dam: suggests obstruction of the flow, progress, or release of something, such as water or emotion
They dammed the brook to form a swimming pool. bar: to prevent entry or exit or prohibit a course of action
Mounted troops barred access to the presidential palace.
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study11. integrate
v. a. to make into a whole by bringing all parts
together; to unify
b. to join with something else; unite
disintegrate: to become reduced to components,
fragments, or particles
Examples:
Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan.
The teachers are trying to integrate all the children
into society.
The extracted case was so old it just disintegrated
when a worker picked it up.
Word formation
a. integrated
综合的,完整的
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study12. muscular
a. a. of, relating to, or consisting of muscle
b. having well-developed muscles
c. having or suggesting great power;
forceful or vigorous
Examples:
a muscular build 一副强壮的体格
muscular contraction 肌肉的收缩
muscular advocacy groups 有力的拥护团体
Comparison
masculine
男性的,男子气概的,
[ 语法 ] 阳性的
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13. proficient
a. having or marked by an advanced degree of
competence, as in an art, vocation, profession,
or branch of learning
n. an expert; an adept
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Examples:
A proficient surgeon is the product of lengthy
training and experience.
She is proficient at/in figure skating.
Synonyms
skillful
skilled
adept
expert
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14. stampede
v. to (to cause to) flee in panic or to act on mass
impulse
n. a. a sudden frenzied or headlong rush or flight
b. a mass impulsive action
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Examples: Rumors of a shortage stampeded people into
buying up food. a herd of stampeding cattle a stampede of support for the candidate
纷纷支持那个候选人
The end of Word Study.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
1. at the time
2. do away with
3. few and far between
4. for (one’s) money
5. in the flesh
6. lag behind
7. make for
8. nothing but
9. on… occasion
10. out of one’s depth
11. think well of
12. stand by
List:
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
at a time
at all times
at one time
at the time
at times
at the same time
at the best of times
Please match the following phrases with their translations:
一度,曾经
在 ······时候
尽管如此,同时
有时候
在最有利的时候
在任何时候,经常
那时候
1. at the time
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
2. do away with
Please translate the following sentences:
They have done away with corporal punishment
in our school.
The city has decided to do away with overhead
wires.
They agreed that privileges must be done away
with.
The robbers did away with their victims.
It is about time all this obsolete machinery was
done away with.
Translation
废除体罚
消除高架线
取消特权
干掉受害者
处理掉旧机器
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Examples:
In Nevada the towns are few and far between.
Really exciting games are few and far between.
Places where you can get water are few and far
between in the desert.
3. few and far between
“far” phrases
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
To be continued on the next page.
“few” phrases
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
far
as far as
by far
far and away
far and near
far and wide
so far, so good
so far from
就 ······ 而言;只要;一直走到
最 ······ , ······ 得多
无疑地(和 adj. adv. 最高级连用) 到处,四面八方 到处,各处 到目前为止,一切顺利。 非但不,相反 ······To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
few
no fewer than
not a few
quite a few (a good few)
the few
有 ······ 之多,
至少有
不少,相当多
好些,相当多
少数(有特殊要求的)
人
Exercises
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
Please fill in the blanks with “far” and “few”phrases:
We searched _____ for the missing child. ____; I hope we keep on with such good luck. He is ____ the best-prepared candidate for the
Presidency. They should be concentrated in one place ____ this is
reasonable. There were ____ 500 people present. ____ readers wrote letters of commendation to the
magazine. ____ taking my advice, he went and did just what I
warned him against.
Keys
far and near/far and wideSo far, so goodfar and awayas far asno fewer thanNot a fewSo far from
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
4. for (one’s) money
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
“money” phrases
To be continued on the next page.
according to one’s opinion, choice, or preference
依照某人的意见、选择或偏好
Example:
For my money, it’s not worth the trouble.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
for love or moneyin the money
money to burn
one’s money’s worthPut money on
I wouldn’t give him my dog for love or money.After years of struggle and dependence, air transportation is in the money.Dick’s uncle died and left him money to burn.It is a bit expensive, but you get your money’s worth.to put money on outcome of a race
Try to translate these sentences:
Keys
1. 无论如何,不管以任何代价
2. 非常有钱,有利可图
3. 大量的钱
4. 花钱值得
5. 为 ······ 打赌
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in the person, presentExamples:
I have corresponded with him for some years,but I have never met him in the flesh.
He is nicer in the flesh than in his photograph.flesh and blood: 血肉之躯
Those sorrows are more than flesh and blood can bear. The author doesn’t give his characters any flesh and blood.
逼真的形象make one’s flesh creep: 使人毛骨悚然
His story made my flesh creep.thorn in the flesh: 肉中刺
The guerrilla band was a thorn in the flesh of the invaders.
5. in the flesh
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
6. lag behind
to fail to keep up a pace; to straggleExamples:
The elder people and children always lag behind when we go for a walk.
Don’t let a single classmate lag behind. He wondered darkly at how great a lag there
was between his thinking and his actions. 他暗暗惊讶于自己在思想和行动上有如此大的差距。
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7. make for
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
to have or cause to have a particular effect or result;
to help promote; to go to a place or rush forward
Examples:
small details that make for comfort
Thoughtfulness makes for closer relationships.
This book makes for very enjoyable reading.
The convoy made for the open sea.
As soon as it started to rain we turned round
and made for home.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
8. nothing but
Examples:
Don’t have him for a friend: he’s nothing but a
criminal.
He had nothing for supper but a little piece of
cheese.
Nothing but roses meets the eye.
“nothing” phrases
To be continued on the next page.
only, merely
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
nothing doing
nothing if not
nothing like
nothing less than
nothing more than
nothing much
nothing of the kind
毫无,决不
极其,极端
没有什么能比得上
不亚于,完全(强调其多、其大)
仅仅,只不过(强调其少、其小)
非常少,没什么
哪里,不行
Examples
To be continued on the next page.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
“Let’s go for a boat ride!” “Nothing doing!”
He was nothing if not clever.
There’s nothing like a holiday to make one fell rested.
Studying that lesson should take nothing like four
hours.
That’s nothing less than a miracle. (=no less than)
The drops didn’t get very big, and the earth received
nothing more than a drizzle. (=no more than)
“Anything interesting happening?” No, nothing much.
“I’m sorry to cause you trouble.” “ My dear friend, it’s
nothing of the kind.”
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
9. on… occasion
Please translate the following sentences:
He talked about his his work on every occasion.
She was invited to the Master’s room on several
occasions.
On occasion, we feel like celebrating and have a
party.
On one occasion, he landed in a deserted car
park.
Chinese
总是,不管什么时候
有几次
有时,遇必要时
曾经,有一次
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
10. out of one’s depth 水深过头;超越自己的能力;理解不了的
in depth 广泛地;彻底地
a study in depth of the poems
explore a subject in depth
an in-depth study
Examples:
Jack was not a good swimmer, add nearly
drowned when he drifted out beyond his depth.
• I am out of my depth when it comes to natural
science.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
not think much of
think better of sb.
think better of sth.
think highly of
think well of
think little of
think poorly of
think nothing of
看轻对某人印象好;看重某人改变······念头;打消主意看重;器重重视看轻;看不起不放在眼里;轻视轻视;认为无所谓;认为没什么了不起
11. think well ofTry to make
some sentences with
the phrases.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
12. stand by
Examples:
He stood by me through all my troubles.
The police are standing by to control the
crowd if it is necessary.
You should always stand by your promises.
You can’t stand by and allow such a thing.
a. to remain uninvolved; to refrain from acting
b. to remain loyal to; to aid or support
c. to keep or maintain
d. to be ready or available to act
The end of Phrases and Expressions.
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
List:
1. Prefix—hind-
2. Suffix— -ette
3. Derivative: orate
4. Suffix— -fer
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildinghindquartershindquarters
prefix
Prefix—hind-located at or forming the back or rear
Examples: hindquarters n. 后腿,臀部 hindlimb (hind legs a.) n. ( 动物或昆虫的 )后肢,下肢 hindsight n.枪的表尺,后瞄准器;后见之明,事后聪明
I now know with hindsight that I did him a terrible wrong. 我事后才明白我完全冤枉了他。
hindmost a. 最后面的, 最后部的
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a. small; diminutive 表示小的,小型的 b. female 表示女性的 c. an imitation or inferior kind of cloth
表示仿造品或衣料质地较差的 a. kitchenette 小厨房 novelette 中或短篇 luncheonette 小餐馆 launderette 自动洗衣店b. usherette 女引座员 drum majorette 鼓乐 bachelorette 未婚女子c. leatherette 人造革
suffix—-ette
III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildingstatuette
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildingoratoryoratory
orate v. to speak in a formal, pompous manner
oration n. a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion; a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous manner
orator n. one who delivers an oration; an eloquent and skilled public speaker
oratory n. the art of public speaking; eloquence or skill in making speeches to the public; public speaking marked by the use of overblown rhetoric
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
-fer: from Latin: ferre = to carry 携带
fertile 肥沃的,多产的
afferent 传入的
defer 推迟,延期,听从,服从
proffer 提供
efferent 传出的,输出管
infer 推断
offer, differ, refer, suffer, transfer, prefer
The end of Word Building.
confer
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
1. Parallelism
2. The Use of Complement
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
To be continued on the next page.
More examples
I. The method of expressing ideas of equal importance in the same or similar grammatical form is called PARALLELISM.Parallel constructions: listing, contrast, choice, comparison all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at
the fire of their prejudices —two absolute constructions (listing)
not by thought; by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. —two prepositional phrases (contrast)
To be or not to be, that is a question. —two infinitive phrases (choice)
Crawling up down a mountain is sometimes harder than climbing up. —two participle phrases. (comparison)
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar1. For further information, you can either consult an encyclop
aedia or surf the Internet. —two verb phrases (choice)
2. In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income. —two noun prepositional phrases (comparison)
3. The unemployed man wanted a job rather than welfare. —two nouns (contrast)
4. Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one’s time, working on one’s own and managing one’s affairs. —three participle phrases (listing)
The end of Parallelism.
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
To be continued on the next page.
II. The Use of Complement
Next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard, ready to spring down… —adjective phrase as subject complement
You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. —past and present participles as object complement
It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. — prepositional phrase as object complement
More examples
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
The end of Grammar.
More examples:
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.
Lincoln was born a poor farmer’s boy and died
President of the United States.
People are just born what color they are.
As a true friend he stood by me to the end.
John wears his hair very long.
Can I have this parcel weighed here?
I called this robbing Peter to pay Paul.
As the main eating implement, the Chinese use
chopsticks every day.
Subject complements
Object complements
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
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