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Internet/Broadband-anoverview
Faculty of Network Planning
ALTTC, Ghaziabad.
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ALTTC/DX/IBB_OV/AKN 2
Brief History of the Internet
1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research ProjectsAgency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman)to create ARPAnet
1970 - First five nodes: UCLA Stanford UC Santa Barbara U of Utah, and BBN
1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf 1984 On January 1, the Internet with its 1000
hosts converts en masse to using TCP/IP for itsmessaging
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ALTTC/DX/IBB_OV/AKN 3
Evolution of the Internet
1945 1995
Memex
Conceived
1945
WWW
Created
1989
MosaicCreated
1993
A
MathematicalTheory of
Communication
1948
Packet
Switching
Invented
1964
Silicon
Chip
1958
First Vast
Computer
Network
Envisioned
1962
ARPANET
1969
TCP/IP
Created
1972
Internet
Named
and
Goes
TCP/IP
1984
Hypertext
Invented
1965
Age of
eCommerce
Begins1995
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ALTTC/DX/IBB_OV/AKN 4
Internet Growth Trends
1977: 111 hosts on Internet 1981: 213 hosts
1983: 562 hosts
1984: 1,000 hosts
1986: 5,000 hosts
1987: 10,000 hosts
1989: 100,000 hosts
1992: 1,000,000 hosts
2001: 150 175 million hosts
2002: over 200 million hosts By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet
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Growth of Internet Hosts *
Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002
0
50,000,000
100,000,000
150,000,000
200,000,000
250,000,000
9/69
01/71
01/73
01/74
01/76
01/79
08/81
08/83
10/85
11/86
07/88
01/89
10/89
01/91
10/91
04/92
10/92
04/93
10/93
07/94
01/95
01/96
01/97
01/98
01/99
01/01
08/02
Time Period
No.o
fHosts
Sept. 1, 2002
Dot-Com Bust Begins
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Internet Users-Region Wise
0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AFR AS I EU R ME N A L A OC E
2000
2004
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Growth Rate % (2000-2004)
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
AFR AS I E U R ME N A L A OC E
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Internet Access-World Share
AFR1%
ASI31%
EUR
28%
ME2%
NA
29%
LA
7%
OCE
2%
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Internet Penetration %
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
U S A U K AU S S -K R S W D S W Z R OW
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Internet (Penetration% - Asia%)
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
C H N IN D JAP N PL PAK SGP SR L
Penetration %
Asia %
1.
57
.2
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Internet Users-2000 & 2004
0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C H N IN D J AP N P L P AK S G P S R L
2000
2004
5
,000
,000
16
,580
,000
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Growth Rate % (2000-2004)
0
2 00
4 00
6 00
8 00
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
C H N IN D JAP N PL PAK SGP SR L
%G
rowth
231
.6
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Broadband Policy-2004
Broadband connectivity as defined inBroadband policy-2004 is an alwayson data connection that is able to
support interactive services includingInternet access and has the capabilityof minimum download speed of 256
kbps to an individual subscriber fromthe POP of the service provider
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Broadband Policy-2004
Salient Features:
De-licensing of 2.40-2.48 Ghz band for outdoorlow output
Enabling VSAT operators to transmit data up to 2Mbps (At present 512 Kbps in CUG domesticnetwork)
Allowing DTH operators to give one way Internetfacility. For bi-directional VSAT license will be
required. BSNL & MTNL to utilise copper and allowing them
to enter into arrangement with private players toutilise copper and content creation
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Broadband Services
High speed Internet Access
Video-on-Demand
Interactive Games Share market dealing & personal
banking
News, travel & leisure information Music/Movie Download
Chatrooms & newsgroups
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Broadband Services
E-mail & instant messaging
Personal websites and onlinemagazines
Educational materials & researchresources
Tele-medicine
Work at home
Internet radio & webcast concerts
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Broadband Users
There are about 100 millionBroadband subscriber worldwide andare increasing by about 2,00,000
every month Asia Pacific 45%
USA 30%
Europe, Middle East & Africa 25%
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Broadband Penetration %
0
5
10
1520
25
30
IND MAL CHN KOR
0.02 0.4
1.4
25
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Internet v Broadband Subs inIndia
0
10
20
30
40
2005 2007 2010
Internet Subs
Broadband Subs
6M
3M
18M
9M
40M
20M
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Broadband Technologies
Broadband Technologies
Wireless
3G Mobile
Wireline
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
LMDS & MMDS
FSO (Free Space Optics)
Satellite
DSL (Digital Subs Line)
Cable Modem
Optical Fibre Technologies
PLC (Power LineCommunication)
WiMAX
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Wireless LAN Standards
Standard Data Rate(Max.)
Distance Frequency
IEEE 802.11a 54 Mbps 50 Meters 5.0 GHz
IEEE 802.11b
(Wi-Fi)
11 Mbps 100 Meters 2.4 GHz
IEEE 802.11g
(Backwardcompatiable
with 802.11b)
54 Mbps 100 Meters 2.4 GHz
HiperLAN2
(ETSI Standard)
54 Mbps 50 Meters 5.0 GHz
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Broadband WirelessTechnologies
3G Mobile
Based on WCDMA & CDMA
Supports data rates
144 kbps for outdoor mobile environment 384 kbps in low mobility environment
2 mbps in indoor environment
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
Wireless LAN with Broadband option Most widely used LAN standard (IEEE 802.11b)
Uses 2.4 Ghz band & delivers 11 mbps of dataover distances of 100 meters
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Broadband WirelessTechnologies
WiMAX-Worldwide interoperability forMicrowave Access IEEE 802.16 standard defines the
Wireless MAN air interface specification Complements Wi-Fi by providing wirelessbroadband backhaul to 802.11 hotspotsand last mile
Service area range of 50 kms Provides shared data rates up to 70 mbps
in 2-11 Ghz band
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Broadband WirelessTechnologies
LMDS & MMDS
Provides point-to-multipoint two way broadbandservice
LMDS-Local Multipoint Distribution System Operates in various bands such as 10.5 Ghz (8 kms)
and 26 & 28 Ghz (3 kms)
Provides various interfaces at user end like E1, 4xE1,10/100 BaseT Ethernet etc.
MMDS-Multichannel Multipoint DistributionSystem Operates in 2-3 Ghz (20-40 kms radius)
Provides high speed data rates upto 10 Mbps
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Broadband WirelessTechnologies
FSO (Free Space Optics)
Also known as FSP (Free Space Photonics)or Optical wireless
Enables optical transmission of datathrough open space at near infraredwavelengths (Tera Hz)
Offers 10 Mbps-2 Gbps over fewkilometers
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Broadband WirelessTechnologies
Satellite
Uses VSAT (very Small Aperture Terminals) &DTH (Direct To Home) terminals
C, Ku & Ka bands are used for servicesinvolving fixed terminals
L band is used for mobile services
Offers data rates 9.6 Kbps for a handheld
terminal and 60 Mbps for a fixed VSAT terminal Future will support up to 155 Mbps
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Broadband WirelineTechnologies
DSL-Digital Subscriber line
Technology for high bandwidth to homeand small businesses over ordinary
copper telephone lines Achievable data rate depends on the
distance and cable impairments
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DSL Technologies
Technology ITU-TStandard
Distance Downstream
Data Rate
Upstream
Data Rate
ADSL G-992.1 3.5 Kms 8 Mbps 640 Kbps
Splitterless ADSL G-992.2 4.0 Kms 1.5 Mbps 512 KbpsADSL-
Extended Bandwidth
G-992.5 1.5 Kms 16 Mbps 100 Kbps
2 Wire High-SpeedDSL
G-991.2 3.0 Kms 2312 Kbps 2312 Kbps
4 Wire High-SpeedDSL
G-991.2 3.0 Kms 4624 Kbps 4624 Kbps
Very High-speed DSL G-993.1 300 Mts 52 Mbps 6-26 Mbps
- -
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Broadband WirelineTechnologies
Cable Modem
Allows high speed access to the Internetvia a cable television network
Uses cable modem technology throughthe use of Set-Top-Box at the customerpremises
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Broadband WirelineTechnologies
Optical Fibre Technologies
Optical fibre with its unmatched capacityto carry enormous amount of information
over unlimited distances can be deployedfor broadband access in: PON (Passive Optical Network)
FTTH (Fibre-To-The-Home)
FTTC (Fibre-To-The-Curb)
HFC (Hybrid Fibre Co-axial)
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Broadband WirelineTechnologies
PLC-Power Line Communication Also referred as BPL (Broadband over
Power Lines)
Can provide broadband Internet accessthrough ordinary power lines
Most extensive networks in the world,surpassing the phone network as well as
the cable network in size and coverage Suffers from technological challenges due
to interference with noise, radio andtelevision etc.
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A C/ X/ O /A
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