BODY SYS
TEMS R
EVISIO
N
YE
AR
10
SP
OR
T S
CI E
NC
E
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Allows air to travel to our lungs from body
FUNCTION
• Supplies oxygen to all parts of the body
Consists of:
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Lungs
• Bronchus
• Bronchiole
• Alveoli
• Diaphragm
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Inspiration and Expiration
Inspiration
• Contraction of intercostal muscles
• Diaphragm contracts downwards
• Increase size of thoracic cavity and lung space
• Air pressure in lungs decreased
Expiration
• Intercostals and diaphragm relax
• Space inside lungs decreases
• Air pressure in lungs increased
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Tidal Volume - amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath (600mL male)
• Minute ventilation – volume of air moved into and out of respiratory tract each minute
Minute ventilation (VE) = respiratory rate × tidal volume
At rest, minute ventilation = 12 × 0.5 L = 6.0 L/min
SKELETAL SYSTEM
• Bone structure of body
FUNCTION
• Movement of body
• Support
Two sections:
• Axial skeleton- bones of skull, spine, thorax
• Appendicular skeleton- bones of upper and lower extremities
SKELETAL SYSTEM
TYPES OF BONES
• Long bones (eg. Femur)
• Short bones (eg. Tarsals)
• Flat bones (eg. Sternum)
• Irregular bones (eg. Vertebrae)
• Sesamoid bones (eg. Patella)
• Sutural bones (eg. Skull)
SKELETAL SYSTEM
TYPES OF JOINTS
• Gliding Joint
• Ball and Socket Joint
• Pivot Joint
• Hinge Joint
• Saddle Joint
• Condyloid Joint
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
FUNCTION
• Allow movement to occur
TYPES OF MUSCLES
• Smooth- involuntary (eg. Stomach)
• Skeletal- voluntary (eg. Quadricep)
• Cardiac- involuntary (eg. Heart)
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Types of movement
• Flexion- shortening of muscle
• Extension- lengthening of muscle
• Abduction- movement away from body
• Adduction- movement towards body
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• Supination- outward action of hand
• Pronation- inward action of hand
• Eversion- outward action of foot
• Inversion- inward action of foot
• Dorsi flexion- upward action of foot
• Plantar flexion- downward action of foot
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Transportation of blood throughout the body
• Removal of waste products
Consists of:
• Heart - (ventricles, atrium, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein)
• Blood - (RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma)
• Blood vessels - (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins)
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
RIGHT ATRIUM → RIGHT VENTRICLE → PULMONARY ARTERY → LUNGS → PULMONARY VEIN → LEFT ATRIUM → LEFT VENTRICLE → LEFT VENTRICLE → AORTA → ARTERIES →
ARTERIOLES → CAPILLARIES → VENULES → VEINS → VENA CAVA
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